【Punish】 , 【chastise】 ,  【castigate】 ,  【chasten】 ,  【discipline】 ,  【correct】  mean to inflict pain, loss, or suffering upon a person for his sin, crime, or fault.

【Punish】 implies imposing a penalty for violation of law, disobedience of authority, or intentional wrongdoing.

【Chastise】 may suggest the infliction of corporal punishment and sometimes implies an acting in anger, but more often with a view to reformation or amendment.

Sometimes 【chastise】 implies verbal censure or denunciation and then comes close to  【castigate】 which usually implies severe and often public lashing by tongue or pen rather than by whip or rod, and so suggests painful censure or bitter rebuke.

【Chasten】 usually implies subjection to affliction or trial with the aim not so much of punishment as of a testing whereby one may emerge humbled and purified or strengthened.

【Discipline】  (see also TEACH ) implies punishment, chastisement, or sometimes chastening, with the intent to subjugate, subdue, or bring under one’s control.

【Correct】 implies punishment having for its aim the amendment or reformation of the offender.