目录
- 1语言介绍
- 2语言特点
- 3语言应用
- 4语言样本
- 5日常用语
- 6语法
>语言介绍
使用人口大约790万人，约占南非人口的百分之18，主要集中在南非南部的两个省分，该语言现在是
拉丁字母书写。
>语言特点
像其它班图语言一样，科萨语是带有声调的语言，它具有两种声调。也就是说，同一组元音和辅音的组合，如果用升调或降调，高音或低音发声，表达的是不同的意思。科萨语一个最显著的特点，是它的吸气辅音（click consonants）。这种语言的名称Xhosa就是用一个吸气辅音开头的。在采用拉丁字母拼写科萨语的系统中，用三个字母来表达吸气辅音：c, x,和q。
在十六世纪之前，说科萨语的人就居住在南非的海岸线一带。说科萨语的部族称他们自己使用的语言为amaXhsa或isiXhosa。几乎所有带吸气辅音的语言都是克瓦桑族语（Khoisan languages）。科萨语中的吸气辅音表明，它是克瓦桑族语的近亲。大约有15%的词汇来自克瓦桑族语。到了近代，科萨语又从
南非语（即南非荷兰语）和
英语中借用了很多词汇。
>语言应用
目前，在初小教育和部分高小教育中，科萨语是主要的语言。但是，进入更高一级的教育后，教育用语便为英语所取代。尽管在学校中，还有科萨语的学术团体，并开设科萨语的课程。在南非大学，授课用语是英语和南非语，而学生可以当作一门课程来选修科萨语。学这门功课的学生，可能他们的母语就是科萨语，也可能不是。
第一部科萨语的《
圣经》是1859年由英国人Henry Hare Dugmore与当地人合作翻译出版的。Henry Hare Dugmore能够讲流利的科萨语。目前，科萨语的报刊和杂志随处可见，也有许多散文、诗歌等文学作品。
南非广播公司每天播出科萨语的电视和广播节目。用科萨语唱歌的著名歌手Miriam Makeba，以特有的带吸气辅音的歌调，使其声名远扬到南非之外的世界各国。
>语言样本
科萨语样本：
Bonke abantu bazalwa bekhululekile belingana ngesidima nangokweemfanelo. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu sokwenza isenzo ongathanda ukuba senziwe kumzalwane wakho.
对应英文：
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
>日常用语
| English | isiXhosa (Xhosa) |
|---|
| Welcome | Siya namkela nonke |
| Hello | Molo |
How are you?
Fine thanks, and you? | Unjani? |
Ndiyaphila, enkosi. Kunjani kuwe?
Ndiphilile enkosi, unjani wena? |
| Long time no see | Kudala ndakugqibela |
What's your name?
My name is ... | Ngubani igama lakho? Igama lakho? |
| Igama lam ngu ... |
Where are you from?
I'm from ... | Uvela phi? |
| Ndivela e... |
| Pleased to meet you | Ndiyavuya ukukwazi |
| Good afternoon | Uben' emva kwemini entle / Ube nemini emnandi |
| Good evening | Ubusuku obuhle |
| Good night | Rhonanai / Ulale kakuhle |
| Goodbye | Hamba kakuhle (go well) Sala kakuhle (stay well) |
| Good luck | Amathamsanqa |
| Cheers/Good health! | Impilo! |
| Have a nice day | Ubenemini emnandi |
| Bon appetit | Ukonwabele ukutya kwakho |
| Bon voyage | Uhambe kakuhle |
| I don't understand | Andiva |
| Please speak more slowly | Khawucothise |
| Please say that again | Ndicela uphinde / Khawuphinde utsho / Yitsho kaphinda |
| Please write it down | Cela uyibhale phantsi |
Do you speak Xhosa?
Yes | Uyakwazi ukuthetha isiXhosa? |
| Ewe |
| Do you speak English? | Uyakwazi ukuthetha isiNgesi? |
| How do you say ... in Xhosa? | Uthini …ngesiXhosa? |
| Excuse me | Uxolo! Ndixolele! |
| How much is this? | Yimalini? |
| Sorry | Ndicela uxolo |
Thank you
Response | Ndiyabulela / Enkosi |
| Wamkelekile |
| Where's the toilet? | Liphi igumbi langasese? |
This gentleman/lady
will pay for everything | uMfana uzakubhatala yonke into / uBhuti uzakubhatala yonke into
Inenekazi lizokubhatala yonke into / Ilady lokubhatala yonke into |
Would you like to
dance with me? | Ungathanda ukudansa? |
| I love you | Ndiya kuthanda |
| Get well soon | Uphile ngokukhawuleza |
| Leave me alone! | Ndiyeke! |
| Help! | Nceda! |
| Call the police! | Biza amapolisa! |
Merry Christmas
and Happy New Year | Siniqwenelela Ikrisimesi Emnandi Nonyaka Omtsha Ozele Iintsikelelo |
| Happy Birthday | Imini emnandi kuwe |
One language
is never enough | Ulwimi olunye zange lonela |
>语法
| 数字 | 基数词 | 序数词 |
|---|
| 0 | unothi | |
| 1 | inye | okokuqala |
| 2 | zimbini | okwesibini |
| 3 | zintathu | okwesithathu |
| 4 | zine | okwesine |
| 5 | zintlanu | okwesihlanu |
| 6 | zintandathu | okwesithadathu |
| 7 | isixhenxe | okwesixhenxe |
| 8 | sisibhozo | okwesibhozo |
| 9 | lithoba | okwesithoba |
| 10 | lishumi | okweshumi |
| 11 | lishumi elinanye | okweshumi elinanye |
| 12 | lishumi elinesbini | okweshumi elinesbini |
| 13 | lishumi elinesithathu | okweshumi elinesithathu |
| 14 | lishumi elinesine | okweshumi elinesine |
| 15 | lishumi elinesihlanu | okweshumi elinesihlanu |
| 16 | lishumi elinesithandathu | okweshumi elinesithandathu |
| 17 | lishumi elinesixhenxe | okweshumi elinesixhenxe |
| 18 | lishumi elinesibhozo | okweshumi elinesibhozo |
| 19 | lishumi elinethoba | okweshumi elinethoba |
| 20 | amashumi amabini | |
| 21 | amashumi amabini ananye | |
| 22 | amashumi amabine anesibini | |
| 23 | amashumi amabine anesithathu | |
| 24 | amashumi amabine anesine | |
| 25 | amashumi amabine anesihlanu | |
| 26 | amashumi amabine anesithandathu | |
| 27 | amashumi amabine anesixhenxe | |
| 28 | amashumi amabine anesibhozo | |
| 29 | amashumi amabine anethoba | |
| 30 | amashumi amathathu | |
| 40 | amashumi amane | |
| 50 | amashumi amahlanu | |
| 60 | amashumi amathandathu | |
| 70 | amashumi asixhenxe | |
| 80 | amashumi asibhozo | |
| 90 | amashumi alithoba | |
| 100 | likhulu | |
| 1,000 | iwaka | |
| 1,000,000 | kwezigidi | |
