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化学:化学习题:
Complete acid hydrolysis of the peptide followed by amino acid analysis yielded equimolar amounts of Leu, Orn, Phe, Pro, and Val. Orn is ornithine, an amino acid not present in proteins but present in some peptides. It has the structure
此肽完全水解,然后经氨基酸分析产生等摩尔的Leu,Orn,Phe,Pro和Val，Orn为鸟氨酸，是蛋白质中不存在而存在于某些肽中的一种氨基酸。其结构如下
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The molecular weight of the peptide was estimated as about 1,200.
此肽的估算分子量为1200
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
The peptide failed to undergo hydrolysis when treated with the enzyme carhoxypeptidase.
当用羧肽酶处理，此肽不被水解。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carboxyl-terminal residue of a polypeptide unless the residue is Pro or does not contain a free carhoxyl group for some reason.
羧肽酶催化多肽的羧基末端残基的水解除非羧基末端残基Pro或不含自由羧基。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
treatment of the intact peptide with l-fluoro-2.4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis and chromatography, yielded only free ammo acid and the following derivative
此肽用1-氟-2，4-二硝基苯处理后完全水解，经层析，只产生自由氨基酸和下面的衍生物
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Hint: Note that the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivalive involves the amino group of a .side chain rather than the α-amino group.
注意此衍生物涉及到氨基酸侧链而非α-氨基
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Partial hydrolysis of the peptide followed by chromatographical separation and sequence analyses yielded the following di-and tripcptides (the amino-terminal amino acid is always at the left)
此肽的部分水解后，经层析分离和测序分析产生下面的二肽和三肽(氨基末端氨基酸在左)。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Given the above information, deduce the amino acid sequence of the peptide antibiotic. Show your reasoning.
根据上述信息，推导此抗生素肽的氨基酸序列。说明推理过程。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
A peptide with the primary structure Lys-Arg-Pro-Leu-Ile-Asp-Gly-Ala is sequenced by the Edman procedure. If each Edman cycle were 96% efficient, what percentage of the amino acids liberated in the fourth cycle would be leucine?
一级结构如下的多肽通过Edman法测序，如果每次Edman循环的效率为96%，那么在第四个循环中释放的Leu占氨基酸的百分比是多少?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
As the newest and least experienced student in a biochemistry research lab，your first few weeks are spent washing glassware and labeling test tubes.
作为无经验的新手学生,在生物化学研究室中，前几周时间花在洗玻璃器皿和贴试管标签上。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You then graduate to making buffers and stock-solutions for use in various laboratory procedures.
后来过渡到配置各种实验步骤使用的缓冲液和母液(储存液)。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Finally, you are given responsibility for purifying a protein. It is a citric acid cycle enzyme, citrate synthase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Following a protocol for the purification, you proceed through the steps below.
最后，叫你负责一个蛋白质的纯化.这是拧檬酸循环中的一个酶,位于线粒体基质中的檬酸合酶。根据一个纯化程序，你根据下列步骤进行。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You pick up 20 kg of beef hearts from a nearby slaughterhouse. You transport the hearts on ice, and perform each step of the purification in a walk-in cold room or on ice.
你从附近的屠宰场买到20kg的牛心脏，放在冰上带回，在冷室或在冰上进行每纯化步骤。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You homogenize the beef heart tissue in a high-speed blender in a medium containing 0.2 M sucrose, buffered to a pH of 7.2.
你用高速匀浆器在含0.2M蔗糖，pH7.2的缓冲液中使牛心组织匀浆。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Why do you use beef heart tissue, and in such-large quan tity? What is the purpose of keeping the tissue cold and suspending it in 0.2 M sucrose, at pH 7.2? What happens to the tissue when it is homogenized?
你为什么使用牛心组织，且用哪样大的量?将组织保持低温状态和悬浮在0.2M蔗糖，pH7.2的缓冲液中的目的是什么?当组织匀浆后，组织发生了什么变化?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You subject the resulting heart homogenate, which is dense and opaque, to a series of differential centrifugation steps. What does this accomplish?
你把得到的密集而不透明的牛心匀浆液用一系列的差速离心。这是为了什么目的?
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You proceed with the purification using the supernatant fraction that contains mostly intact mitochondria.
你继续用含大多为完整的线粒体的上清液纯化。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
Next. you osmotically lyse the mitochondria.The lysate, which is less dense than the homogenate, but still opaque, consists primarily of mitochondrial membranes and internal mitochondrial contents.
接着，你用渗透法裂解线粒体，裂解液比匀浆液密度低但仍为不透明，主要由线粒体膜和线粒体内容物组成。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
To this lysate you add ammonium sulfate, a highly soluble salt, to a specific concentration.
对此裂解液，你加入高溶性的盐硫酸铵至特定的浓度。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
You centrifuge the solution, decant the supernatant, and discard the pellet. To the supernatant, which is clearer than the lysate, you add more ammonium sulfate.
你然后对溶液离心，慢慢倒出上清，弃沉淀。对上清液你加更多的硫酸铵。
属类：化学及生命科学-化学-化学习题
| 1 | 此肽完全水解,然后经氨基酸分析产生等摩尔的Leu,Orn,Phe,Pro和Val，Orn为鸟氨酸，是蛋白质中不存在而存在于某些肽中的一种氨基酸。其结构如下 | Complete acid hydrolysis of the peptide followed by amino acid analysis yielded equimolar amounts of Leu, Orn, Phe, Pro, and Val. Orn is ornithine, an amino acid not present in proteins but present in some peptides. It has the structure |
|
| 2 | 此肽的估算分子量为1200 | The molecular weight of the peptide was estimated as about 1,200. |
|
| 3 | 当用羧肽酶处理，此肽不被水解。 | The peptide failed to undergo hydrolysis when treated with the enzyme carhoxypeptidase. |
|
| 4 | 羧肽酶催化多肽的羧基末端残基的水解除非羧基末端残基Pro或不含自由羧基。 | This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the carboxyl-terminal residue of a polypeptide unless the residue is Pro or does not contain a free carhoxyl group for some reason. |
|
| 5 | 此肽用1-氟-2，4-二硝基苯处理后完全水解，经层析，只产生自由氨基酸和下面的衍生物 | treatment of the intact peptide with l-fluoro-2.4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis and chromatography, yielded only free ammo acid and the following derivative |
|
| 6 | 注意此衍生物涉及到氨基酸侧链而非α-氨基 | Hint: Note that the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivalive involves the amino group of a .side chain rather than the α-amino group. |
|
| 7 | 此肽的部分水解后，经层析分离和测序分析产生下面的二肽和三肽(氨基末端氨基酸在左)。 | Partial hydrolysis of the peptide followed by chromatographical separation and sequence analyses yielded the following di-and tripcptides (the amino-terminal amino acid is always at the left) |
|
| 8 | 根据上述信息，推导此抗生素肽的氨基酸序列。说明推理过程。 | Given the above information, deduce the amino acid sequence of the peptide antibiotic. Show your reasoning. |
|
| 9 | 一级结构如下的多肽通过Edman法测序，如果每次Edman循环的效率为96%，那么在第四个循环中释放的Leu占氨基酸的百分比是多少? | A peptide with the primary structure Lys-Arg-Pro-Leu-Ile-Asp-Gly-Ala is sequenced by the Edman procedure. If each Edman cycle were 96% efficient, what percentage of the amino acids liberated in the fourth cycle would be leucine? |
|
| 10 | 作为无经验的新手学生,在生物化学研究室中，前几周时间花在洗玻璃器皿和贴试管标签上。 | As the newest and least experienced student in a biochemistry research lab，your first few weeks are spent washing glassware and labeling test tubes. |
|
| 11 | 后来过渡到配置各种实验步骤使用的缓冲液和母液(储存液)。 | You then graduate to making buffers and stock-solutions for use in various laboratory procedures. |
|
| 12 | 最后，叫你负责一个蛋白质的纯化.这是拧檬酸循环中的一个酶,位于线粒体基质中的檬酸合酶。根据一个纯化程序，你根据下列步骤进行。 | Finally, you are given responsibility for purifying a protein. It is a citric acid cycle enzyme, citrate synthase located in the mitochondrial matrix. Following a protocol for the purification, you proceed through the steps below. |
|
| 13 | 你从附近的屠宰场买到20kg的牛心脏，放在冰上带回，在冷室或在冰上进行每纯化步骤。 | You pick up 20 kg of beef hearts from a nearby slaughterhouse. You transport the hearts on ice, and perform each step of the purification in a walk-in cold room or on ice. |
|
| 14 | 你用高速匀浆器在含0.2M蔗糖，pH7.2的缓冲液中使牛心组织匀浆。 | You homogenize the beef heart tissue in a high-speed blender in a medium containing 0.2 M sucrose, buffered to a pH of 7.2. |
|
| 15 | 你为什么使用牛心组织，且用哪样大的量?将组织保持低温状态和悬浮在0.2M蔗糖，pH7.2的缓冲液中的目的是什么?当组织匀浆后，组织发生了什么变化? | Why do you use beef heart tissue, and in such-large quan tity? What is the purpose of keeping the tissue cold and suspending it in 0.2 M sucrose, at pH 7.2? What happens to the tissue when it is homogenized? |
|
| 16 | 你把得到的密集而不透明的牛心匀浆液用一系列的差速离心。这是为了什么目的? | You subject the resulting heart homogenate, which is dense and opaque, to a series of differential centrifugation steps. What does this accomplish? |
|
| 17 | 你继续用含大多为完整的线粒体的上清液纯化。 | You proceed with the purification using the supernatant fraction that contains mostly intact mitochondria. |
|
| 18 | 接着，你用渗透法裂解线粒体，裂解液比匀浆液密度低但仍为不透明，主要由线粒体膜和线粒体内容物组成。 | Next. you osmotically lyse the mitochondria.The lysate, which is less dense than the homogenate, but still opaque, consists primarily of mitochondrial membranes and internal mitochondrial contents. |
|
| 19 | 对此裂解液，你加入高溶性的盐硫酸铵至特定的浓度。 | To this lysate you add ammonium sulfate, a highly soluble salt, to a specific concentration. |
|
| 20 | 你然后对溶液离心，慢慢倒出上清，弃沉淀。对上清液你加更多的硫酸铵。 | You centrifuge the solution, decant the supernatant, and discard the pellet. To the supernatant, which is clearer than the lysate, you add more ammonium sulfate. |
|
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