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经济学人双语版

经济学人:地震学与海啸

属类：时事政治-

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(1). Seismology and tsunamis

地震学与海啸

(2). Making waves

掀起新浪潮

(3). Next time, they might see it coming

下次海啸来袭时，人们可提前准备

(4). But, as the situation in Japan makes painfully clear, there is no good way for people being tossed around by a tremor to know the difference until a wave arrives.

但是，日本的惨痛教训告诉我们，被地震震得惊慌失控的人们根本意识不到一场海啸即将到来。

(5). During an earthquake, the Earth’s crust is uplifted.

地震时，地壳板块隆升。

(6). If the epicentre is on the seabed, that also lifts the water above the bed, creating a wave.

如果震中位于海底，板块运动带动上方海水起伏，形成波浪。

(7). For tsunami-generating purposes, earthquakes can generally be divided into two sorts.

按照是否引发海啸，地震可分两类。

(8). Deep ones generate small or non-existent tsunamis because their uplifting effects are absorbed by the overburden.

一是深震，隆升通常被表层所吸收，因此不引发海啸或只引发小型海啸。

(9). Shallow ones, whose full crust-displacing force is felt at the surface, are the danger.

二是浅震，由于地表震感强烈，因此也更危险。

(10). The recent Japanese quake, for example, was thought initially to have happened 83km down.

例如，近期日本地震最初深度测算为地下83km，

(11). The latest measurements suggests its depth was actually 30km.

而最近的一次测算结果却显示，深度实为30km。

(12). The rupture in the rock that causes a deep earthquake propagates rapidly—at about 3km a second.

岩层断裂引发深震传播速度很快—大约3km/秒。

(13). An energy-release rate indicating a rupture rate of 1?km a second or less sets the alarm bells ringing, for the earthquake has probably spawned a tsunami.

岩层断裂速度达1.5km/秒以下的能量释放速度将会拉响警报，而这时极有可能引发海啸。

(14). though the system is also sensitive to the actual earthquake magnitude, and adjusts accordingly, so it did not miss the tsunami-creating potential of the Japanese earthquake either.

尽管如此，该系统也能检测出地震级数并作出相应调整，因此也检测出了日本地震会引发海啸的风险。

(15). But it still raised a devastating tsunami that killed more than 400 islanders.

但是，地震随后引发了一次破坏力极强的海啸，导致400多位岛民死亡。