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林肯传|Lincoln

第2章|2

属类： 双语小说 【分类】其他读物 阅读：[34295]
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林肯的母亲，南希·汉克斯（Nancy Hanks），是由叔叔和婶婶抚养长大的。她很可能一天学也没上过。从她签协议时画的记号看，我们推测她不会写字。

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Lincoln’s mother, Nancy Hanks, was brought up by her aunt and uncle, and probably had no schooling at all. We know she could not write, for she made her mark when signing a deed.

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她住在昏暗的树林深处，几乎没什么朋友。二十二岁时，她嫁给了肯塔基州最没文化最卑微的穷鬼——托马斯（汤姆）·林肯（Thomas Lincoln）。托马斯是一个无聊透顶又愚昧无知的男人，靠打短工和猎鹿为生。虽然他姓林肯，但边远蛮荒林区和藤丛聚居地的人们都叫他“林哄”。

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She lived deep in the somber woods and made few friends; and, when she was twenty-two, she married one of the most illiterate and lowly men in all Kentucky—a dull, ignorant daylaborer and deer-hunter. His name was Thomas Lincoln, but the people in the backwoods and canebrake settlements where he lived called him “Linkhorn.”

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托马斯·林肯是一个流浪汉，四处漂泊，什么事都做不好。他从一个地方漂泊到另一个地方，为了填饱肚子，什么活儿都干。他曾修过路，砍过树，捕过熊，垦过荒地，种过玉米，造过木屋。据资料记载，他曾三次在不同场合受雇持霰弹枪看守犯人。一八〇五年，肯塔基州的哈丁县还以每小时六美分的价格雇他抓捕并鞭打敢于反抗的奴隶。

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Thomas Lincoln was a rover, a drifter, a ne’er-do-well, floating about from one place to another, taking any kind of job he could get when hunger drove him to it. He worked on roads, cut brush, trapped bear, cleared land, plowed corn, built log cabins; and the old records show that on three different occasions he was employed to guard prisoners, with a shot-gun. In 1805 Hardin County, Kentucky, paid him six cents an hour for catching and whipping recalcitrant slaves.

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他一点儿存钱理财的观念都没有。他在印第安纳州的一个农场住了十四年，在这期间，他一年竟然连十美元土地费都存不下来。他一度贫困到要让妻子用野生荆棘来缝补衣服的地步，但就是在这种情况下，他还能去肯塔基州的伊丽莎白镇为自己赊账买一条丝质吊带裤。没过多久，他又在一场拍卖会上花三美元买了一把宝剑。他很可能是穿着丝质吊带裤，佩带着宝剑，光着脚走回去的。

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He had no money sense whatever: he lived for fourteen years on one farm in Indiana, and during that period he was unable to save and pay as much as ten dollars a year on his land. At a time when he was so poor that his wife had to pin her dresses together with wild thorns, he went to a store in Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and bought a pair of silk suspenders for himself—and bought them on credit. Shortly after that, at an auction sale, he paid three dollars for a sword. Probably he wore his silk suspenders and carried his sword even when going barefoot.

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婚后不久，他搬到了镇上，尝试着靠做木工为生。他得到了一份建造磨坊的工作，但是他没把木材切方正，也弄错了木材的长度。雇主当然不愿意为这种笨拙的手艺付钱，他还为此打了三场官司。

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Shortly after his marriage he moved to town and tried to make a living as a carpenter. He got a job building a mill, but he did not square his timbers or cut them the right length. So his employer sharply refused to pay him for his bungling efforts, and three lawsuits followed.

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汤姆·林肯来自森林，他虽然笨，但最终也明白了自己只属于森林。于是他带着妻子搬回了森林边缘那块贫瘠多石的农场，从此再也没有莽撞地为了乡村生活抛弃脚下的土地。

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Tom Lincoln had come from the woods, and, dull as he was, he soon realized now that he belonged to the woods. He took his wife back to a poor, stony farm on the edge of the forest, and never again did he have the temerity to forsake the soil for the village.

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离伊丽莎白镇不远处有一片广阔的不长树木的土地，人称“贫瘠之地”。印第安人世代在那里放火焚烧森林和灌木丛，劣等牧草因此能在阳光下滋长，水牛群也能在此吃草和打滚。

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Not far from Elizabethtown there was a vast stretch of treeless land known as “the barrens.” For generations the Indians had started fres there and burned away the forests and brush and undergrowth, so that the coarse prairie-grass could grow in the sun, and the buffaloes would come there to wallow and graze.

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一八〇八年十二月，汤姆·林肯以每公顷六十六又三分之二美分的价格在这片“贫瘠之地”买了一块农场。农场上有一间猎人休息的茅草屋，建造粗糙，周围满是野生的红果树。茅草屋一英里外流淌着诺林溪的南支，每到春天，那里的山茱萸总是绚烂地盛开着。夏天的时候，鹰群懒洋洋地盘旋在头顶蓝色的天空中，高高的草儿在风中摇曳，看上去就像一片无尽的绿色海洋。这里鲜有人居住，因为几乎没有人像汤姆·林肯那样缺乏判断力。因此，到了冬天，这里便成了整个肯塔基州最孤寂荒芜的地方。

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In December, 1808, Tom Lincoln purchased a farm on “the barrens” for sixty-six and two thirds cents per acre. There was a hunter’s hut on it, a crude sort of cabin surrounded with wild crab-apple trees; and half a mile away fowed the South Fork of Nolin Creek, where the dogwood blossomed in the spring. In the summertime, hawks circled lazily in the blue overhead, and the tall grasses surged in the wind like an illimitable sea of green. Few people had had the poor judgment to settle there. So in the wintertime it was one of the most lonely and desolate regions in all Kentucky.

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一八〇九年的严冬，正是在那片孤寂的贫瘠之地边缘的那座猎人的小屋里，亚伯拉罕·林肯来到了这个世上。那是一个星期天的早晨，他出生在一张圆木搭成的、铺满了玉米壳的床上。外面狂风大作，二月的寒风将雪花顺着圆木间的缝隙吹到了南希·汉克斯和她刚出生的孩子盖着的熊皮上。九年后，她没能扛住拓荒生活的重压和艰辛，最终积劳成疾去世了，享年三十五岁。她一辈子都不知道什么是幸福。她无论去哪里，都会因私生女的身份而饱受流言蜚语的侵扰。只可惜那天早晨，她不能预见未来，不能看到若干年后，就在她当时千辛万苦生下亚伯拉罕·林肯的地方，心怀感恩的人们为她的儿子建了一座大理石纪念堂。

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And it was in a hunter’s hut on the edge of these lonely barrens, deep in the winter of 1809, that Abraham Lincoln came into the world. He was born on a Sunday morning—born on a bed of poles covered with corn husks. It was storming outside, and the February wind blew the snow through the cracks between the logs and drifted it across the bearskin that covered Nancy Hanks and her baby. She was destined to die nine years later, at the age of thirty-fve, worn out by the strain and hardships of pioneer life. She never knew much of happiness. Wherever she lived, she was hounded by gossip about her illegitimate birth. What a pity she could not have looked into the future that morning, and seen the marble temple that a grateful people have now erected on the spot which she then consecrated with her suffering!

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在那个时代的荒野中，纸币好像没有多大价值。大多数时候，纸币一文不值。人们常用猪、鹿肉火腿、威士忌、浣熊皮、棕熊皮还有农产品作为媒介进行交换。就连牧师有时也收取威士忌作为其部分服务费。一八一六年秋天，亚伯拉罕七岁了，老汤姆·林肯将他在肯塔基州的农场换了四百加仑玉米威士忌，然后举家迁往印第安纳州幽暗清冷、荒凉孤寂的树林中。他们最近的邻居是一位捕熊的猎户；他们住处的四周长满了树木、矮树丛、葡萄藤和灌木丛。若是有人想穿过这一层层厚厚的屏障，必须连劈带砍弄出条路来才行。这里便是丹尼斯·汉克斯（Dennis Hanks）(4)称之为“密林礼赞”的地方，也是亚伯拉罕·林肯往后十四年所居住的地方。

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The paper money in circulation at that time, in the wilderness, was often of very doubtful value. Much of it was worthless. So hogs, venison hams, whisky, coon-skins, bear-hides, and farm produce were much used asmediums of exchange. Even preachers sometimes took whisky as part pay for their services. In the autumn of 1816, when Abraham was seven years old, old Tom Lincoln bartered his Kentucky farm for about four hundred gallons of corn whisky, and moved his family into the gloom and solitude of the wild and desolate forests of Indiana. Their nearest neighbor was a bear-hunter; and all about them the trees and brush and grape-vines and undergrowth were so thick that a man had to cut and hack his way through it. This was the spot, “Rite in the Brush,” as Dennis Hanks described it, where Abraham Lincoln was to spend the next fourteen years of his life.

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当林肯一家搬到那里时，第一场冬雪早已飘然落下，于是汤姆·林肯慌忙建起了一座“三面墙之家”——用今天的标准看，至多只能称其为遮风棚。屋子没有地板，没有门，没有窗户，除了三个墙面和一个用圆木和树枝搭建的屋顶，其他什么都没有。屋子的第四面是敞开的，寒风、雪花、冻雨和刺骨的寒冷凛冽地灌入屋内。如今，即便是现代化的印第安纳州农民也不会让自己的牛和猪在如此粗糙的棚屋里过冬，但是汤姆·林肯觉得这样的条件对于他和他的家人来说，已经够好了。汤姆一家在那里度过了一八一六年至一八一七年的漫漫严冬——美国历史上最为严酷的冬天之一。

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The first snow of winter was already falling when the family arrived; and Tom Lincoln hastily built what was then known as “a three-faced camp.” To-day it would be called a shed. It had no foor, no door, no windows—nothing but three sides and a roof of poles and brush. The fourth side was entirely open to wind and snow and sleet and cold. Nowadays an up-to-date farmer in Indiana wouldn’t winter his cattle or hogs in such a crude shelter, but Tom Lincoln felt it was good enough for himself and his family all during the long winter of 1816—17, one of the severest and most violent winters in our history.

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屋角肮脏的地上堆放着一堆树叶和熊皮，在这样的寒冬里，南希·汉克斯和她的孩子像狗一样蜷缩在上面。

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Nancy Hanks and her children slept there that winter like dogs, curled up on a heap of leaves and bearskins dumped on the dirt foor in a corner of the shed.

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至于食物，他们没有黄油，没有牛奶，没有鸡蛋，没有水果，没有蔬菜，甚至连土豆都没有。他们主要依靠野味和坚果为生。

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As for food, they had no butter, no milk, no eggs, no fruit, no vegetables, not even potatoes. They lived chiefy on wild game and nuts.

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汤姆·林肯也曾试着养猪，但森林里的棕熊都饿坏了，猪一旦落入它们手中，就会被生吞活剥。

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Tom Lincoln tried to raise hogs, but the bears were so hungry that they seized the hogs and ate them alive.

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亚伯拉罕·林肯在印第安纳州那些年所受的苦，远比日后他所解放的成千上万个奴隶受的苦多得多。

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For years, there in Indiana, Abraham Lincoln endured more terrible poverty than did thousands of the slaves whom he would one day liberate.

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在那片土地上，人们几乎不知道还有牙医这个行当，而最近的医生也在三十五英里之外。因此，当南希·林肯牙疼时，老汤姆很可能和其他拓荒者一样，用山胡桃木削一个楔子，楔子一端顶住南希犯病的臼齿，然后用石头狠狠地向楔子砸去。最早的那几年，中西部地区的拓荒者们饱受“牛乳病”的折磨。这种神秘的疾病对牛羊马这些牲畜来说非常致命，一旦染上便无力回天。有时，牛乳病甚至会夺走一个地区所有居民的性命。没有人知道它的病因是什么，一百年来医学专家亦一直为之烦恼。直到二十世纪初，科学家才发现，牛乳病是由于动物误食一种名为白蛇根的有毒植物而引起的，其毒素经由牛奶进入人体。白蛇根主要生长在树木繁茂的牧场和荫蔽的深谷，直到今日，仍有人命丧它手。每年伊利诺伊州农业部都会在郡法院门口贴上海报，警告农民除掉这种植物，否则他们可能会因此而死。

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Dentists were almost unknown in that region, and the nearest doctor was thirty-five miles away; so when Nancy Lincoln had a toothache, probably old Tom Lincoln did what the other pioneers did; he whittled out a hickory peg, set the end of it against the complaining molar, and hit the peg a hard blow with a rock. From the earliest times in the Middle West the pioneers suffered from a mysterious malady known as the “milk sick.” It was fatal to cattle, sheep, and horses, and sometimes carried off entire communities of people. No one knew what caused it, and for a hundred years it baffled the medical profession. It was not until the beginning of the present century that science showed that the poisoning was due to animals eating a plant known as white snakeroot. The poison was transmitted to humans through the milk of cows. White snakeroot thrives in wooded pastures and deeply shaded ravines, and to this day it continues to take its toll of human life. Every year the Department of Agriculture of the State of Illinois posts placards in the county court-houses, warning farmers that if they do not eradicate this plant, they may die.

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一八一八年秋天，这致命的祸害来到了印第安纳鹿角山谷，残忍地摧毁了很多家庭。南希·林肯帮忙照顾皮特·布鲁纳（Peter Brooner）患病的妻子。皮特就是那位住在半英里之外的猎熊人邻居。布鲁纳太太去世了，南希突然患上了病。她感到头晕，下腹部传来剧痛，呕吐得很厉害。她被抬回家，躺在那张简陋的铺满了树叶和兽皮的床铺上。她手脚冰凉，内脏却似着了火，她不断地要水喝。水，水，更多的水。

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In the autumn of 1818 this dreadful scourge came to the Buckhorn Valley of Indiana, wiping out many families. Nancy Lincoln helped nurse the wife of Peter Brooner, the bearhunter, whose cabin was only half a mile away. Mrs. Brooner died, and Nancy herself suddenly felt ill. Her head swam, and sharp pains shot through her abdomen. Vomiting severely, she was carried home to her wretched pallet of leaves and skins. Her hands and feet were cold, but her vitals seemed to be on fre. She kept calling for water. Water. Water. More water.

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汤姆·林肯是一个坚信凡事皆有预兆的人。因此，在南希患病的第二天晚上，当他听到破旧的小屋外面传来悠长又凄惨的狗吠时，他便放弃了所有希望，断定南希大限将至。

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Tom Lincoln had a profound faith in signs and omens; so, on the second night of her illness, when a dog howled long and piteously outside the cabin, he abandoned all hope and said she was going to die.

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后来，南希虚弱到连从枕头上抬头的力气都没有了。她只能发出耳语般微弱的声音，示意亚伯拉罕和他的姐姐走到她的身边。孩子们弯下腰，耳朵贴在她的唇边，听到了她拼尽全力说出的话：她恳求他们互相关爱，像她教诲的那样生活，并且敬拜上帝。

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Finally Nancy was unable even to raise her head from the pillow, and she could not talk above a whisper. Beckoning Abraham and his sister to her, she tried to speak. They bent over to catch her words: she pleaded with them to be good to each other, to live as she had taught them, and toworship God.

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由于她的喉咙和肠道已经处于一级瘫痪状态，这些话便是她最后的遗言。随后，她陷入了长时间的昏迷，最终在一八一八年十月五日，也就是生病的第七天撒手人寰。

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These were her last words, for her throat and entire intestinal tract were already in the first stages of paralysis. She sank into a prolonged coma, and fnally died on the seventh day of her illness, October 5, 1818.

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为了让死者瞑目，汤姆·林肯在南希的眼皮上压了两枚铜币，然后便走进森林，伐了一棵树，将它切割成一块块粗糙不平的木板，再用木钉将这些木板钉在一起。露西·汉克斯那面容愁苦的女儿最终成了一具久经操劳又饱受折磨的躯体，静静地躺在这具粗糙的棺材里。

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Tom Lincoln put two copper pennies on her eyelids, to hold them shut; and then went out into the forest and felled a tree and cut it into rough, uneven boards and fastened these together with wooden pegs; and in this crude coffn he placed the tired, worn body of the sad-faced daughter of Lucy Hanks.

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两年前，汤姆用一辆雪橇将她拉进了这片聚居地，现在，他也是用一辆雪橇，将她的尸体拉向四分之一英里外一座树木繁茂的山顶，就地埋葬了她，没有祈祷，也没有仪式。

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Two years before, he had brought her into this settlement on a sled; and now, again on a sled, he hauled her body to the summit of a thickly wooded hill, a quarter of a mile away, and buried her without service or ceremony.

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亚伯拉罕·林肯的母亲死得太早了。我们也许永远也无法知道她长什么样子，是个什么样的女人，因为她的一生都住在阴暗的树林里，而那几个和她生命有交集的人，也只对她有些模糊的印象。

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So perished the mother of Abraham Lincoln. We shall probably never know what she looked like or what manner of woman she was, for she spent most of her short life in the gloomy forests, and made only a faint impression upon the few people who crossed her path.

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林肯死后没过多久，他的一位传记作者开始着手寻找关于总统母亲的讯息。当时，南希已去世半个世纪了。那位作者采访了几位曾经见过她的人，但他们的记忆就像逝去的梦一样模糊。甚至对于她的外形，他们也无法统一。一个人说她是一个“强壮的，矮胖的女人”，但另一个人却说她“身材瘦削柔弱”。有人说她有一双黑色的眼睛，另外一个人却说她的眼睛是淡褐色的，还有人很肯定地说她的眼睛是蓝绿色的。她的堂兄丹尼斯·汉克斯曾和她在同一屋檐下共同生活了十四年，他写道，她拥有一头“浅色的头发”。但进一步回忆后，他驳回了自己的描述，说她的头发是黑色的。

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Shortly after Lincoln’s death one of his biographers set out to get some information about the President’s mother. She had been dead then for half a century. He interviewed the few people living who had ever seen her, but their memories were as vague as a faded dream. They were unable to agree even as to her physical appearance. One described her as a “heavy built, squatty woman,” but another said she had a “spare, delicate form.” One man thought she had black eyes, another described them as hazel, another was sure they were bluish green. Dennis Hanks, her cousin, who had lived under the same roof with her for ffteen years, wrote that she had “lite hair.” After further refection, he reversed himself and said her hair was black.

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她去世后的六十年间，她的长眠之地连一块标志性的石块都没有，因此如今我们只能知道她的坟墓的大概位置。她长眠在抚养她的叔叔和婶婶的坟墓边上，但没人知道三座坟墓中，哪一座是她的。

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For sixty years after her death there was not so much as a stone to mark her resting-place, so that to-day only the approximate position of hergrave is known. She is buried beside her aunt and uncle, who reared her; but it is impossible to say which of the three graves is hers.

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南希死前不久，汤姆·林肯盖了一座新的木屋。这次终于有四面墙了，但仍旧没有地板，没有窗户，没有门。入口处挂着一块肮脏的熊皮，屋内又黑又脏。汤姆·林肯大多数时间在树林里打猎，留下两个没有母亲的孩子照料家里的一切。萨拉负责煮饭，亚伯拉罕负责生火，并去一英里外的泉眼取水。他们没有刀和叉子，只能用手抓着吃。他们的手常年都很脏，因为水很珍贵，而且他们也没有肥皂。南希很可能自制了一些碱水肥皂，但她死后留下的那些早就用光了。孩子们并不知道肥皂的制作方法，而汤姆·林肯也不愿意做肥皂，于是他们就继续生活在贫穷和肮脏之中。

26
-

A short time before Nancy’s death Tom Lincoln had built a new cabin. It had four sides, but no floor, no windows, no door. A dirty bearskin hung over the entrance, and the interior was dark and foul. Tom Lincoln spent most of his time hunting in the woods, leaving his two motherless children to run the place. Sarah did the cooking, while Abraham kept the fire going and carried water from the spring a mile away. Having no knives and forks, they ate with their fngers, and with fingers that were seldom clean, for water was hard to get and they had no soap. Nancy had probably made her own soft lye soap, but the small supply that she left at her death had long since vanished, and the children didn’t know how to make more; and Tom Lincoln wouldn’t make it. So they lived on in their poverty and dirt.

27
-

在那漫长又寒冷的冬日，他们根本不洗澡，极偶尔地洗一洗他们那满是泥土、褴褛不堪的外衣。他们那铺满叶子和兽皮的床变得越来越脏。他们的屋子终日得不到阳光的照拂。小屋唯一的光源来自炉火或猪油灯。从详细描述边远地区其他小屋情况的文字中我们可以想象，没有女主人的林肯家是怎样的景象：臭气熏天，跳蚤到处跑，满地都是寄生虫。

27
-

During the long, cold winter months they made no attempt to wash their bodies; and few, if any, attempts to wash their soiled and ragged garments. Their beds of leaves and skins grew flthy. No sunlight warmed and purified the cabin. The only light they had was from the fireplace or from hog fat. We know from accurate descriptions of other cabins on the frontier what the womanless Lincoln cabin must have been like. It smelled. It was infested with feas, crawling with vermin.

28
-

这样肮脏的生活持续了一年后，即便是汤姆，也无法再忍受下去了。于是，他决定再娶一个老婆，负责照料家务。

28
-

After a year of this squalor even old Tom Lincoln could stand it no longer; he decided to get a new wife who would clean up.

29
-

十三年前，汤姆曾在肯塔基州向一位名叫萨拉·布什（Sarah Bush）的女子求婚。她拒绝了汤姆，嫁给了哈丁县的一位狱卒。不过后来狱卒死了，留下了三个孩子和一些债务。汤姆·林肯认为这是重新求婚的吉兆，于是他来到溪边，好好洗了个澡，用沙子擦掉脸上和手上的污渍，将剑佩在腰间，穿过阴暗的森林深处，回到了肯塔基州。

29
-

Thirteen years before he had proposed to a woman in Kentucky named Sarah Bush. She had refused him then and married the jailer of Hardin County, but the jailer had since died and left her with three children and some debts. Tom Lincoln felt that the time was auspicious now for renewing his proposal; so he went to the creek, washed up, scrubbed his grimy hands and face with sand, strapped on his sword, andstarted back through the deep, dark woods to Kentucky.

30
-

当他到达伊丽莎白镇的时候，他又买了一条丝质吊带裤，并沿着街道吹着口哨大摇大摆地走着。

30
-

When he reached Elizabethtown he bought another pair of silk suspenders, and marched whistling down the street.

31
-

那是一八一九年，变革正在发生，人们到处谈论着社会进步。那时，一艘蒸汽船横跨了大西洋。

31
-

That was in 1819. Things were happening, and people were talking of progress. A steamship had crossed the Atlantic Ocean!

序号 英文/音标 中文解释 更多操作

hank

[hæŋk]

汉克(男名)n.(一)把，(一)卷，(一)束

rover

[’rəʊvə(r)]

n.流浪者;漫游者;月球车;远距离箭靶;海盗

plow

[plau]

n.犁;耕地

whipping

[’wɪpɪŋ]

n.鞭打;缠绕的绑法;笞刑,

suspender

[sə’spendə(r)]

n.吊袜带;(裤子或裙子的)背带;悬挂物

bungle

[’bʌŋɡl]

v.拙劣地工作;粗率地做;搞坏;贻误

barren

[’bærən]

adj.贫瘠的;无效的;不育的

coarse

[kɔːs]

adj.粗糙的;粗俗的

Buffalo

[’bʌfələʊ]

n.水牛;野牛;水陆坦克

graze

[ɡreɪz]

v.放牧;(牛、羊等)吃草

cent

[sent]

n.分

crude

[kruːd]

adj.天然的;未加工的;粗糙的

lazily

[’leɪzɪlɪ]

adv.懒惰地;慢吞吞地

surge

[sɜːdʒ]

n.汹涌

Abraham

[’eɪbrəˌhæm]

n.亚伯拉罕(男子名)

husk

[hʌsk]

n.外壳;皮;无用之物;支架

hound

[haʊnd]

n.猎狗;可鄙之人;追踪者;迷

gossip

[’ɡɒsɪp]

n.流言蜚语;爱说长道短的人;闲话

consecrate

[’kɒnsɪkreɪt]

v.供神用;奉献;使神圣

circulation

[ˌsɜːkjə’leɪʃn]

n.流通;循环

preacher

[’priːtʃə(r)]

n.传道者;讲道者;牧师

whiskey

[’wɪskɪ]

n.威士忌酒.

autumn

[’ɔːtəm]

n.秋季

barter

[’bɑːtə(r)]

v.物物交换;以货易货

gallon

[’ɡælən]

n.加仑(容量单位)

hack

[hæk]

vt. 穿过丛林开出一条路.

Dennis

[ˈdenɪs]

n.丹尼斯(男子名)

felted

[’feltɪd]

v. 把 ... 制成毡(使 ... 粘结)

curl

[kɜːl]

n.卷曲;卷发;年轮;漩涡;【足】曲线球

heap

[hiːp]

n.堆;许多;破车

whittle

[’wɪtl]

v.削(木头);削减

molar

[’məʊlə(r)]

adj.磨碎的;臼齿的;【物】质量上的;【化】摩尔的

earliest

[’ɜːliɪst]

n.最早

poison

[’pɔɪzn]

n.毒药;毒害;败坏道德之事

abdomen

[’æbdəmən]

n.腹部

vomit

[’vɒmɪt]

v.吐出;呕吐;喷出

omen

[’əʊmən]

n.征兆;预兆

howl

[haʊl]

n.长嚎;高声叫喊;啸鸣

piteous

[’pɪtiəs]

adj.哀怨的;可怜的;凄惨的

beckon

[’bekən]

v.召唤;吸引;示意某人按自己的指示行动

intestinal

[ˌɪntes’taɪnl]

adj.肠的

tract

[trækt]

n.大片土地;器官系统

prolong

[prə’lɒŋ]

vt.延长;拖延

coma

[’kəʊmə]

n.昏迷

penny

[’peni]

n.便士;【美】分

eyelid

[’aɪlɪd]

n.眼皮;眼睑

fasten

[’fɑːsn]

vt.拴紧;使固定;系;强加于

peg

[peɡ]

n.钉;支柱;借口

perish

[’perɪʃ]

vi.毁灭;消失;腐烂

gloomy

[’ɡluːmi]

adj.阴暗的;忧闷的;前景黯淡的

biographer

[baɪ’ɒɡrəfə(r)]

n.传记作家

hunting

[’hʌntɪŋ]

n.打猎;搜寻【电子学】速度偏差.

rag

[ræɡ]

n.破布;碎布;破衣服;(低劣的)报纸

garment

[’ɡɑːmənt]

n.衣服

purify

[’pjʊərɪfaɪ]

v.(使)净化;(使)精炼;涤罪

infest

[ɪn’fest]

v.侵扰;猖獗;寄生于

marches

[mɑːtʃ]

1. n. (尤指英格兰与苏格兰或威尔士的)边界地区, 2.动词march的第三人称单数形式

steamship

[’stiːmʃɪp]

n.汽船;轮船

steamship

[’stiːmʃɪp]

n.汽船;轮船

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