China’s first astronaut Yang Liwei walked out of the re-entry capsule of the Shenzhou 5 spaceship, smiling and waving to the recovery team in the grasslands in Gobi Desert, Inner Mongolia

“神舟”五号航天飞船在内蒙古草原顺利着陆，中国首位宇航员杨利伟面带微笑走出返回舱，并向搜救人员挥手致意。

(a)technology provided to improve soil and grasslands , develop barren mountainous regions and make full use of natural conditions;

1 ．改良土壤、草地，开发荒山，以及充分利用自然资源的技术;

In August1935,we began our march across the marshy grasslands .

1935年8月，我们开始过草地。

Research on a Remote Sensing-based Net Primary Productivity Model for Semi-arid Grasslands

半干旱草地净第一性生产力遥感模型研究

Discussion on the Corresponding Problems of Ecological Water Requirement for Vegetation Construction in Semi-arid Grasslands

半干旱草原植被建设生态需水相关问题的探讨

The headwaters and wetlands along the railway line are to be specially protected to avoid desertification in the headwaters areas, shrinkage of wetlands, deterioration of grasslands and water pollution that might be caused by the construction

保护江河源头水源和沿线湿地，避免因施工引起水源区沙化、湿地萎缩、草场退化和水质污染。

"Environment" as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas, land, minerals, forests, grasslands , wildlife, natural and human remains, nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural areas.

本法所称环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。

Impact on Grasslands Soil and Vegetation of Different Measures

不同措施对退化草地土壤和植被的影响

Study on Plant Community Characters and Soil Properties of Artemisia Firigida Grasslands after Different Enclosing Times

不同围栏年限冷蒿草原群落特征与土壤特性变化的研究

Grasslands have been ploughed and planted to wheat

草地已经犁过，并种上了小麦。

The right to own or use grasslands shall be protected by law and may not be infringed upon by any unit or individual.

草原的所有权和使用权受法律保护，任何单位和个人不得侵犯。

Songs were heard loud and clear over the grasslands

草原上扬起清亮激越的歌声。

They are mostly sung using the natural voice, but a type of glossy intonation is used to produce a long-drawn-out effect and give the songs a richer sense of the flavor and vigor of the grasslands .

唱法以真声为主，并使用一种叫"诺古拉"的特殊润腔方法。使悠扬的歌声更富有草原味道和生命力。

At the expiration of a contract, the contractor shall enjoy priority in further contracting for the lands, mountains, grasslands , unreclaimed lands, beaches and water surfaces for which he originally contracted.

承包期满，承包人对原承包的土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面享有优先承包权。

Article 8. The local people’s governments at various levels shall be responsible for conducting general surveys of grassland resources within their respective administrative areas and formulating plans for the development of animal husbandry, which shall be incorporated into the plans for national economic development, in order to improve the protection of the grasslands , promote their development and ensure their rational use, and increase the capacity for raising livestock on the grasslands.

第八条　地方各级人民政府负责组织本行政区域内的草原资源普查，制定草原畜牧业发展规划并纳入国民经济发展计划，加强草原的保护、建设和合理利用，提高草原的载畜能力。

Article 20. If anyone damages the vegetation of the grasslands by cutting or digging sand-fixation plants or other wild plants or by moving away soil in violation of the provisions of this Law, the people’s governments at the township level and the farming and animal husbandry departments of the people’s governments at the county level shall have the power to stop him and order him to restore the vegetation and compensate for the losses. A fine may be imposed in serious cases.

第二十条　违反本法规定在草原上砍挖固沙植物和其他野生植物或者采土，致使草原植被遭受破坏的，乡级人民政府或者县级人民政府农牧业部门有权制止，并责令恢复植被，赔偿损失;情节严重的，还可以处以罚款。

Article 2. This Law shall be applicable to all grasslands within the territory of China , including hills and lands covered with grass.

第二条　本法适用于我国境内的一切草原，包括草山、草地。

Article 2. " Environment " as used in this Law refers to the total body of all natural elements and artificially transformed natural elements affecting human existence and development, which includes the atmosphere, water, seas, land, minerals, forests, grasslands , wildlife, natural and human remains, nature reserves, historic sites and scenic spots, and urban and rural areas.

第二条本法所称环境，是指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生生物、自然遗迹、人文遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。

Article 9. The state shall encourage scientific research in animal husbandry on the grasslands in order to raise the scientific and technological level in this field of endeavour.

第九条　国家鼓励草原畜牧业科学研究，提高草原畜牧业的科学技术水平。

Article 6. Disputes over the right of ownership of grasslands or the right to use them shall be settled by the parties concerned through negotiation on the principle of mutual understanding and mutual accommodation in the interest of unity. If no agreement can be reached through such negotiation, the disputes shall be handled by the people’s governments.

第六条　草原所有权和使用权的争议，由当事人本着互谅互让、有利团结的精神协商解决;协商不成的，由人民政府处理。

Article 7. When grasslands owned by collectives are to be requisitioned for state construction the matter shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations Concerning Land Requisition for State Construction.

第七条　国家建设征用集体所有的草原，按照《国家建设征用土地条例》的规定办理。

Article 3. The department of farming and animal husbandry under the State Council shall be in charge of administration concerning the grasslands in the whole country. The departments of farming and animal husbandry of the local people’s governments at the county level and above shall be in charge of administration concerning the grasslands in their respective administrative areas.

第三条　国务院农牧业部门主管全国的草原管理工作，县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门主管本行政区域内的草原管理工作。

Article 18. When a person’s right of ownership of grasslands or his right to use them has been infringed upon, he may apply for settlement to the farming and animal husbandry department of the local people’s government at the county level or above. The farming and animal husbandry department concerned shall have the power to order the infringing party to stop such infringement and compensate for the losses sustained by the victim. The victim may also directly file a suit in a people’s court.

第十八条　草原所有权、使用权受到侵犯的，被侵权人可以请求县级以上地方人民政府农牧业部门处理。有关农牧业部门有权责令侵权人停止侵权行为，赔偿损失。被侵权人也可以直接向人民法院起诉。

Article 12 Lands, mountains, grasslands , unreclaimed lands, beaches and water surfaces owned by collectives or the State and exploited by agricultural economic collectives, may be contracted to individuals or collectives for agricultural production.

第十二条 集体所有的或者国家所有由农业集体经济组织使用的土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面可以由个人或者集体承包从事农业生产。

Article 12. Grasslands shall be used rationally and overgrazing prevented. Where aridity, degeneration or soil erosion occurs as a result of overgrazing, users of the grasslands shall be required to reduce grazing and resow forage grass so as to restore vegetation. Where man-made grasslands have already been established, extra control shall be administered; they shall be rationally managed and used in a scientific way, so as to prevent degeneration.

第十二条　合理使用草原，防止过量放牧。因过量放牧造成草原沙化、退化、水土流失的，草原使用者应当调整放牧强度，补种牧草，恢复植被。对已经建成的人工草场应当加强管理，合理经营，科学利用，防止退化。

Article 16. Efforts shall be strengthened to prevent fires on the grasslands , implementing the principle of " put prevention first and combine prevention with elimination." A responsibility system for fire prevention shall be instituted. Fire prevention rules and pledges shall be formulated and specific periods shall be designated for fire prevention on the grasslands.

第十六条　加强草原防火工作，贯彻"预防为主，防消结合"的方针，建立防火责任制，制定草原防火制度和公约，规定草原防火期。

Article 17. Units or individuals that have achieved outstanding success in protecting, managing and developing the grasslands or in developing animal husbandry on the grasslands shall be given commendation or material awards by the local people’s governments at various levels.

第十七条　在保护、管理和建设草原、发展草原畜牧业等方面成绩显著的单位或者个人，由各级人民政府给予精神的或者物质的奖励。

Article 14 Agricultural economic collectives or villagers committees shall provide production services to individuals or collectives that have contracted for the lands, mountains, grasslands , unreclaimed lands, beaches or water surfaces.

第十四条 农业集体经济组织或者村民委员会应当向承包土地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面的个人或者集体提供生产服务。

Article 15. Motor vehicle drivers shall take care to protect the grasslands when driving across them. Where there are regular highways, vehicles may not deviate from them.

第十五条　机动车辆在草原上行驶，应当注意保护草原;有固定公路线的，不得离开固定的公路线行驶。

Article 11. Persons who wish to cut shrubs, dig medicinal herbs or wild plants on the grasslands , scrape alkaline earth off the grasslands or move away fertile soil must secure the agreement of the users of the grasslands and the approval of the people’s governments at the township or county level; they must operate within the designated areas, fill the holes in the ground immediately after digging and keep part of the mother plants intact.

第十一条　在草原上割灌木、挖药材、挖野生植物、刮碱土、拉肥土等，必须经草原使用者同意，报乡级或者县级人民政府批准，在指定的范围内进行，并做到随挖随填，保留一部分植物的母株。