Strategic Planning and Dysfunction: The Dark Side of Mandating a Formal Planning System

策略规划的黑暗面:行政院中程施政计划制度执行评估

By the Fall of 1994, eleven states had statutes mandating the admissibility of DNA evidence.

到1994年秋季，11个州通过法令要求在法庭上采纳DNA证据。

Attempts to balance committees by mandating participation by interest groups has produced an unworkable advisory committee system at the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

对于职业安全和健康管理局(以下简称OSHA)，通过要求不同利益团体参与来实现委员会平衡的尝试，带来的是一个难以运转的咨询委员会体系。

Although Congress intended that OSHA obtain scientific and engineering advice from advisory committees, by mandating that committees be formed on the basis of affiliation rather than scientific expertise.

尽管国会要求委员会更应以所代表团体而非科学专长为基础，有意让OSHA从咨询委员会中获得科学和工程学上的建议.

Current requirements mandating that committees keep minutes are too general.

目前对委员会要保持详细记录的指令性要求，还是太过一般化了。

Compulsory voting (CV)is a system of laws and/or norms mandating that enfranchised citizens turn out to vote.

强制投票是一项旨在命令有选举权的公民参加投票的法律或者规范制度。

Between preshipment inspection entities and any other entities, including other entities subject to preshipment inspection, with the exception of the government entities contracting or mandating the inspections

在装运前检验实体与其他任何实体之间,包括需进行装运前检验的其他实体,但是签约或授权进行检验的政府实体除外

Preshipment inspection entities shall share confidential business information with the governments contracting or mandating them only to the extent that such information is customarily required for letters of credit or other forms of payment or for customs, import licensing or exchange control purposes.

装运前检验实体只有在机密信息为信用证或其他支付方式或由于通关、进口许可或外汇管制的目的而通常需要的情况下，方可同与其签约或其授权进行检验的政府实体分享此类信息。

||1: Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. ||2: Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. ||3: Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. ||4: Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. ||5: But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

||1:《快乐财富》的读者显然是生活富足的人，他们考虑的是生活的满足感而不是饥饿。||2:金钱可能不能买到快乐，但是在更富裕国家的人们一般比贫穷国家的人们快乐。||3:不过，不管是在富裕的国家还是贫穷的国家，感觉良好和消费在其他人身上的联系随处可见。对大多数人来说，稀缺性提升了很多事情的快乐。||4:并不是每个人都同意笔者在从安排更多的度假时间到减少税收刺激美国购房者的观点。||5:但是读完这本书，大多数的人会觉得它值得购买。

||1:Although she sets out to present a motherly public persona, Ms Kopacz occasionally displays flashes of Thatcherite steel.||2:When she was health minister in 2009, she refused to be browbeaten into mandating an untested swine-flu vaccine, despite fears of a global epidemic.||3:After the crash of a government plane in 2010 in Russia, which killed 96 people, including Poland’s president, Ms Kopacz went to Moscow to take part in the stomach-churning work of identifying the dead.

||1:即使她展现出一种慈母般的公众形象，科帕奇偶尔会展示出撒切尔光环一般的闪光点。||2:当她在2009年担任卫生部大臣的时候，尽管当时是全球恐慌状态，她也拒绝被迫批准未经检疫的流感疫苗。||3:2010年政府飞机在俄罗斯坠毁，包括当时的波兰总统在内共有96人丧生，科帕奇前往莫斯科去参加那令人反胃的辨认尸体工作。

||1:In the past few years a new source of demand has emerged for vegetable oils.||2:Biodiesel production has rapidly accelerated and now consumes over a tenth of the global vegetable-oil crop.||3:Depending on the crude-oil price and governments’ enthusiasm for mandating biofuels it could account for as much as a fifth by 2020, according to Peter Thoenes of the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation.

||1:在过去数年间，植物油出现了一种新的用途需求。||2:生物柴油产量快速增长，消耗了全球植物油作物总量的十分之一。||3:联合国粮农组织彼得·梭尼斯表示，受制于原油价格波动及政府热衷于强制使用生物燃油，生物柴油对植物油作物的消耗量到2020年有望达到五分之一。

The current draft of a bill working its way through Parliament enshrines transgender rights by mandating inclusive education for trans children, and special employment and health provisions.

近期，一份于国会通过的草案将大幅提高变性人的权利，它包括变性儿童的独特义务教育、特殊雇佣制度和医疗健康保障。

ON BOTH sides of the Atlantic politicians are warming to the idea that the lowest-paid can be helped by mandating higher wages.

欧美各国领导人逐渐开始赞同提高工资水平可以帮助贫困人群这一观点。

"The market is gobsmacked that BofA could have done this without mandating Merrill, " a banker at a rival house said.

“美国银行竟然不通过美林完成交易，市场对此感到震惊，”一家对手银行的银行家表示。

On October 10th a ministerial committee, responding to pressure from hawkish Israelis, approved a bill mandating such a vote.

10月10日，以色列的一个部长级委员会通过一项授权允许公投的法案，以此作为对以色列强硬派施压的回应，。

In late November, it surprised the industry by mandating that as of January, commercials cannot be shown in the middle of television dramas.

11月底，监管机构又出台了让全行业措手不及的重招，规定不得在电视剧中穿插广告。

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 enhanced financial reporting integrity, including mandating major changes affecting the auditing profession.

2002年通过的《萨班斯-奥克斯利法》（Sarbanes-OxleyAct）增强了财务报告的完整性，其中包括影响审计行业的重要变革措施。

These included moving the service line closer to the net and mandating the use of smaller and less-powerful wooden rackets.

包括将发球线前移靠近球网，强制使用拍面更小，力量更小的木质球拍。

Except for regulations about baby food and infant formula, there are no federal laws mandating product dating.

除过婴儿配方食品，其他产品没有联邦法律的制约。

Indeed, regulation can serve to strengthen market discipline, for example, by mandating a transparent disclosure regime for financial firms.

的确，管理是为了强化市场规则，例如，要求金融机构实行透明的公示制度。

Laws mandating net neutrality could, in fact, do a great deal of harm.

而实际上，法律要求网络中立可能给互联网业带来巨大伤害。

It was invasive on the business-logic code, mandating that certain classes be extended or certain interfaces be implemented.

规范为业务逻辑代码规定了许多限制，要求扩展特定的类或实现特定的接口。

Today’s business dynamics are mandating that business processes be increasingly responsive to change.

今天的业务动态正迫使企业不断提高业务流程对变化的响应能力。

Just look at Brazil, which implemented a program mandating the deployment of flex-fueled cars in reaction to the oil shocks of 1973.

看一看巴西，为了应对1973年的石油危机，巴西实行了一个计划，命令使用混合燃料车。

The US Senate has balked at mandating cuts in carbon emissions, with critics saying the plan would hurt a fragile economy.

美国参议院正在对减少碳排放量的命令犹豫不决，因为批评人士指出这个计划会损害较为目前较为脆弱的经济。

Will mandating the purchase of health insurance lead to universal coverage?

强制购买医疗保险能最终达到全民医保吗？

Listing 4 is a similar pattern, but without mandating any order.

清单4是类似的模式，但是没有规定任何顺序。

Solar-electric producers in Germany benefit from regulations mandating that premiums be paid for sun-fueled power.

太阳能在德国的利益来源于对太阳能源电力生产商补贴的规定。

Why are we continuing to use taxpayer money for the bad policy of subsidizing and mandating ethanol production from corn?

为什么我们还在继续用纳税人的钱为我们那玉米提纯乙醇的烂政策补贴呢？

Now they are mandating that Geico develop a commanding presence on mobile phones.

现在他们正身先士卒地将Geico开拓到手机上。