在英汉翻译中,"juice"与"cider"的语义差异主要体现在以下方面:
1. 词源与基本词义
- juice(果汁):源自古法语"jus",泛指从植物组织(特别是水果)中压榨出的天然汁液
例:orange juice(橙汁)/ vegetable juice(蔬菜汁)
- cider(苹果酒):源自希伯来语"shekar",特指发酵苹果汁(含酒精),在美式英语中也指未发酵的苹果汁
2. 语义场差异
(1)juice的语义网络:
- 水果/蔬菜原汁(未发酵)
- 引申义:精华(the juice of the matter)
- 俚语:电力("give me some juice")
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An alcoholic, often sparkling (carbonated) beverage made from fermented apples; hard cider; apple cider
A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice.
A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples.
A non-alcoholic drink, normally carbonated; equivalent to soft drink.
A cup, glass{{,}} or serving of any of these beverages.
A liquid from a plant, especially fruit.
A beverage made of juice.
Any liquid resembling juice.
A soft drink.
Electricity.
Liquor.
Political power.
Petrol; gasoline.
Vitality.
The amount charged by a bookmaker for betting services.
Steroids.
Semen.
The vaginal lubrication that a woman naturally produces when sexually aroused.
The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.
The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.
An alcoholic, often sparkling (carbonated) beverage made from fermented apples; hard cider; apple cider
A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice.
A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples.
A non-alcoholic drink, normally carbonated; equivalent to soft drink.
A cup, glass{{,}} or serving of any of these beverages.
A liquid from a plant, especially fruit.
A beverage made of juice.
Any liquid resembling juice.
A soft drink.
Electricity.
Liquor.
Political power.
Petrol; gasoline.
Vitality.
The amount charged by a bookmaker for betting services.
Steroids.
Semen.
The vaginal lubrication that a woman naturally produces when sexually aroused.
The expressed juice of apples. It is used as a beverage, for making vinegar, and for other purposes.
The characteristic fluid of any vegetable or animal substance; the sap or part which can be expressed from fruit, etc.; the fluid part which separates from meat in cooking.