Atmosphere与biosphere的用法辨析及翻译处理:
1. 概念范畴差异:
- atmosphere(大气圈/大气层):专指地球外围的气体包裹层,在学术语境中常译为"大气圈",普通语境作"大气层"
例:The rocket penetrated the upper atmosphere.
(火箭穿过了上层大气)
- biosphere(生物圈):指地球上所有生态系统及其生存环境的综合体
例:The Amazon rainforest is crucial to the global biosphere.
(亚马逊雨林对全球生物圈至关重要)
2. 词源特征:
- "atmo-"源 ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)
The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; - applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars.
A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies.
The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 lbs. to the sq. inch.
Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition.
The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere.
The whole mass of aëriform fluid surrounding the earth; - applied also to the gaseous envelope of any celestial orb, or other body; as, the atmosphere of Mars.
A supposed medium around various bodies; as, electrical atmosphere, a medium formerly supposed to surround electrical bodies.
The pressure or weight of the air at the sea level, on a unit of surface, or about 14.7 lbs. to the sq. inch.
Any surrounding or pervading influence or condition.
The portion of air in any locality, or affected by a special physical or sanitary condition; as, the atmosphere of the room; a moist or noxious atmosphere.