作为语言学专家,我将从语义内涵、用法差异及翻译处理三个维度解析这对近义词:
1. 语义内核差异
- racism:具有三重语义内核
a) 基于种族的偏见信念系统(理论层面)
b) 制度性压迫体系(社会结构层面)
c) 具体歧视行为(个体行为层面)
例:The study exposes institutional racism in housing policies.
- discrimination:更强调行为维度
包含但不限于种族维度(可基于性别/年龄/宗教等)
例:Age discrimination in hiring is illegal.
2. 语 ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)
Belief in abilities, and generally that some are superior and others inferior.
The policy, practice or (e.g. government or political) program of promoting this belief and promoting the dominance of one race over others.
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; an action of such discrimination.
Discernment, the act of discriminating, discerning, distinguishing, noting or perceiving differences between things, with intent to understand rightly and make correct decisions.
The act of recognizing the 'good' and 'bad' in situations and choosing good.
(sometimes discrimination against) Distinct treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry.
The quality of being discriminating, acute discernment, specifically in a learning situation; as to show great discrimination in the choice of means.
That which discriminates; mark of distinction, a characteristic.
Belief in abilities, and generally that some are superior and others inferior.
The policy, practice or (e.g. government or political) program of promoting this belief and promoting the dominance of one race over others.
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; an action of such discrimination.
Discernment, the act of discriminating, discerning, distinguishing, noting or perceiving differences between things, with intent to understand rightly and make correct decisions.
The act of recognizing the 'good' and 'bad' in situations and choosing good.
(sometimes discrimination against) Distinct treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry.
The quality of being discriminating, acute discernment, specifically in a learning situation; as to show great discrimination in the choice of means.
That which discriminates; mark of distinction, a characteristic.