【英汉翻译解析】democracy与monarchy的语义对比及翻译策略
一、词源学辨析
1. democracy(民主政体)
词源:希腊语dēmokratia(dēmos人民 + kratos权力)
核心语义:主权在民的政体形式
例:Ancient Athens is considered the birthplace of democracy.
(雅典被视为民主制度的发源地)
2. monarchy(君主制)
词源:希腊语monarkhia(mono单一 + arkhein统治)
核心语义:主权归单一统治者的政体
例:The British monarchy has evolved i ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)
Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.
Belief in political freedom and equality; the "spirit of democracy".
A government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).
The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom.
A form of government where sovereignty is embodied by a single ruler in a state and his high aristocracy representing their separate divided lands within the state and their low aristocracy representing their separate divided fiefs.
Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people.
Government by popular representation; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but is indirectly exercised through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed; a constitutional representative government; a republic.
Collectively, the people, regarded as the source of government.
The principles and policy of the Democratic party, so called.
A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch.
A system of government in which the chief ruler is a monarch.
Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.
Belief in political freedom and equality; the "spirit of democracy".
A government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).
The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom.
A form of government where sovereignty is embodied by a single ruler in a state and his high aristocracy representing their separate divided lands within the state and their low aristocracy representing their separate divided fiefs.
Government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained and directly exercised by the people.
Government by popular representation; a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but is indirectly exercised through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed; a constitutional representative government; a republic.
Collectively, the people, regarded as the source of government.
The principles and policy of the Democratic party, so called.
A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch.
A system of government in which the chief ruler is a monarch.