在英汉翻译中,humanness与humanity的辨析需要从语义内涵和用法特征两个维度把握:
1. 语义内核差异
- humanness(人性特质)强调人类区别于他者的本质属性集合,具有生物学和哲学双重意涵。如:"The android's attempt to mimic humanness revealed uncanny valleys"(仿生机器人模仿人性特质的尝试暴露出恐怖谷效应)中特指人类特有的情感、意识等本质特征。
2. 使用域区分
- humanity(人类集体)作集合名词时指代人类整体,常见于文明叙事:"for the benefit of all humanity"( ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)
The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.
Mankind collectively; the human race.
The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness.
Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.
The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.
The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings.
Mankind collectively; the human race.
The quality of being humane; the kind feelings, dispositions, and sympathies of man; especially, a disposition to relieve persons or animals in distress, and to treat all creatures with kindness and tenderness.
Mental cultivation; liberal education; instruction in classical and polite literature.
The branches of polite or elegant learning; as language, rhetoric, poetry, and the ancient classics; belles-letters.