通译文库

(1). This law is formulated in accordance with the Constitution and in light of the concrete experience of China launching a struggle against crime and the realities in the country, with a view to punishing crime and protecting the people.

为了惩罚犯罪，保护人民，根据宪法，结合我国同犯罪作斗争的具体经验及实际情况，制定本法。

(2). The tasks of the PRC Criminal Law are to use punishment struggle against all criminal acts to defend national security, the political power of the people’s democratic dictatorship, and the socialist system

中华人民共和国刑法的任务，是用刑罚同一切犯罪行为作斗争

(3). To protect state-owned property and property collectively owned by the laboring masses

以保卫国家安全，保卫人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度，保护国有财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产

(4). To protect citizens’ privately owned property

保护公民私人所有的财产

(5). To protect citizens’ right of the person, democratic rights, and other rights; to maintain social and economic order

保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利

(6). And to safeguard the smooth progress of the cause of socialist construction.

维护社会秩序、经济秩序，保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。

(7). Any act deemed by explicit stipulations of law as a crime is to be convicted and given punishment by law and any act that no explicit stipulations of law deems a crime is not to be convicted or given punishment.

法律明文规定为犯罪行为的，依照法律定罪处刑;法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的，不得定罪处刑。

(8). Every one is equal before the law in committing crime.

对任何人犯罪，在适用法律上一律平等。

(9). No one is permitted to have privileges to transgress the law.

不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。

(10). The severity of punishments must be commensurate with the crime committed by an offender and the criminal responsibility he bears.

刑罚的轻重，应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。

(11). This law is applicable to all who commit crimes within the territory of the PRC except as specially stipulated by law.

凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的，除法律有特别规定的以外，都适用本法。

(12). This law is also applicable to all who commit crimes aboard a ship or aircraft of the PRC.

凡在中华人民共和国船舶或者航空器内犯罪的，也适用本法。

(13). When either the act or consequence of a crime takes place within PRC territory, a crime is deemed to have been committed within PRC territory.

犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在中华人民共和国领域内的，就认为是在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪。

(14). This law is applicable to PRC citizens who commit the crimes specified in this law outside the territory of the PRC

中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国领域外犯本法规定之罪的，适用本法

(15). But those who commit the crimes, provided that this law stipulates a minimum sentence of less than a three-year fixed-term imprisonment for such crimes, may not be dealt with.

但是按本法规定的最高刑为三年以下有期徒刑的，可以不予追究。

(16). This law may be applicable to foreigners, who outside PRC territory, commit crimes against the PRC state or against its citizens, provided that this law stipulates a minimum sentence of not less than a three-year fixed term of imprisonment for such crimes

外国人在中华人民共和国领域外对中华人民共和国国家或者公民犯罪，而按本法规定的最低刑为三年以上有期徒刑的，可以适用本法

(17). But an exception is to be made if a crime is not punishable according the law of the place where it was committed.

但是按照犯罪地的法律不受处罚的除外。

(18). This law is applicable to the crimes specified in international treaties to which the PRC is a signatory state or with which it is a member and the PRC exercises criminal jurisdiction over such crimes within its treaty obligations.

对于中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约所规定的罪行，中华人民共和国在所承担条约义务的范围内行使刑事管辖权的，适用本法。

(19). Any person who commits a crime outside PRC territory and according to this law bear criminal responsibility may still be dealt with according to this law even if he has been tried in a foreign country

凡在中华人民共和国领域外犯罪，依照本法应当负刑事责任的，虽然经过外国审判，仍然可以依照本法追究

(20). However, a person who has already received criminal punishment in a foreign country may be exempted from punishment or given a mitigated punishment.

但是在外国已经受过刑罚处罚的，可以免除或者减轻处罚。

(21). The problem of criminal responsibility of foreigners who enjoy diplomatic privileges and immunity is to be resolved through diplomatic channels.

享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人的刑事责任，通过外交途径解决。

(22). If an act committed after the founding of the PRC and before the implementation of this law was not deemed a crime under the laws at that time, the laws at that time are to be applicable.

中华人民共和国成立以后本法施行以前的行为，如果当时的法律不认为是犯罪的，适用当时的法律。

(23). If the act was deemed a crime under the laws at that time, and if under the provisions of Chapter IV, Section 8 of the general provisions of this law it should be prosecuted, criminal responsibility is to be investigated according to the laws at that time.

如果当时的法律认为是犯罪的，依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定应当追诉的，按照当时的法律追究刑事责任。

(24). However, if this law does not deem it a crime or imposes a lesser punishment, this law is to be applicable.

但是如果本法不认为是犯罪或者处刑较轻的，适用本法。

(25). The effective judgments that were made according to the laws at that time before the implementation of this law will continue to be in force.

本法施行以前，依照当时的法律已经作出的生效判决，继续有效。

(26). All acts that endanger the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of the state; split the state; subvert the political power of the people’s democratic dictatorship and overthrow the socialist system; undermine social and economic order, are crimes if according to law they should be criminally punished.

一切危害国家主权、领土完整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的，都是犯罪。

(27). All acts that violate property owned by the state or property collectively owned by the laboring masses; violate citizens’ privately owned property; infringe upon citizens’ rights of the person, democratic rights, and other rights; and other acts that endanger society, are crimes if according to law they should be criminally punished.

一切侵犯国有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑罚处罚的，都是犯罪。

(28). However, if the circumstances are clearly minor and the harm is not great, they are not to be deemed crimes.

但是情节显著轻微危害不大的，不认为是犯罪。

(29). An intentional crime is a crime constituted as a result of clear knowledge that one’s own act will cause socially dangerous consequences, and of hope for or indifference to the occurrence of those consequences.

明知自己的行为会发生危害社会的结果，并且希望或者放任这种结果发生，因而构成犯罪的，是故意犯罪。

(30). Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes.

故意犯罪，应当负刑事责任。

(31). A negligent crime occurs when one should foresee that one’s act may cause socially dangerous consequences but fails to do so because of carelessness or, having foreseen the consequences, readily assumes he can prevent them, with the result that these consequences occur.

应当预见自己的行为可能发生危害社会的结果，因为疏忽大意而没有预见，或者已经预见而轻信能够避免，以致发生这种结果的，是过失犯罪。

(32). Although an act objectively creates harmful consequences, if it does not result from intent or negligence but rather stems from irresistible or unforeseeable causes, it is not a crime.

行为在客观上虽然造成了损害结果，但是不是出于故意或者过失，而是由于不能抗拒或者不能预见的原因所引起的，不是犯罪。

(33). A person who has reached the age of eighteen who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.

已满十六周岁的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任。

(34). A person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen who commits the crimes of intentionally killing another or intentionally injuring another, even causing serious injury or death, and the crimes of rape, robbery, drug trafficking, arson, explosion, and poisoning shall bear criminal responsibility.

已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的人，犯故意杀人、故意伤害致人重伤或者死亡、强奸、抢劫、贩卖毒品、放火、爆炸、投毒罪的，应当负刑事责任。

(35). A person who has reached the age of fourteen but not the age of eighteen who commits a crime shall be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.

已满十四周岁不满十八周岁的人犯罪，应当从轻或者减轻处罚。

(36). When a person is not criminally punished because he has not reached the age of eighteen, the head of his family or guardian is to be ordered to subject him to discipline. When necessary, he may also be given shelter and rehabilitation by the government.

因不满十六周岁不予刑事处罚的，责令他的家长或者监护人加以管教;在必要的时候，也可以由政府收容教养。

(37). A mentally ill person who causes dangerous consequences at a time when he is unable to recognize or unable to control his own conduct is not to bear criminal responsibility after being established through accreditation of legal procedures

精神病人在不能辨认或者不能控制自己行为的时候造成危害结果，经法定程序鉴定确认的，不负刑事责任

(38). But his family or guardian shall be ordered to subject him to strict surveillance and arrange for his medical treatment. When necessary, he will be given compulsory medical treatment by the government.

但是应当责令他的家属或者监护人严加看管和医疗;在必要的时候，由政府强制医疗。

(39). A person whose mental illness is of an intermittent nature shall bear criminal responsibility if he commits a crime during a period of mental normality.

间歇性的精神病人在精神正常的时候犯罪，应当负刑事责任。

(40). A mentally ill person who commits a crime at a time when he has not yet completely lost his ability to recognize or control his own conduct shall bear criminal responsibility but he may be given a lesser or a mitigated punishment.

尚未完全丧失辨认或者控制自己行为能力的精神病人犯罪的，应当负刑事责任，但是可以从轻或者减轻处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(41). An intoxicated person who commits a crime shall bear criminal responsibility.

醉酒的人犯罪，应当负刑事责任。....(please sign in for more)

(42). A deaf-mute or a blind person who commits a crime may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

又聋又哑的人或者盲人犯罪，可以从轻、减轻或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(43). Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for an act of legitimate defense that is under taken to stop present unlawful infringement of the state’s and public interest or the rights of the person, property or other rights of the actor or of other people and that causes harm to the unlawful infringer.

为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在进行的不法侵害，而采取的制止不法侵害的行为，对不法侵害人造成损害的，属于正当防卫，不负刑事责任。....(please sign in for more)

(44). Criminal responsibility shall be borne where legitimate defense noticeably exceeds the necessary limits and causes great harm. However, consideration shall be given to imposing a mitigated punishment or to granting exemption from punishment.

正当防卫明显超过必要限度造成重大损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(45). Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for a defensive act undertaken against ongoing physical assault, murder, robbery, rape, kidnap, and other violent crimes that seriously endanger personal safety that causes injury or death to the unlawful infringer since such an act is not an excessive defense.

对正在进行行凶、杀人、抢劫、强奸、绑架以及其他严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪，采取防卫行为，造成不法侵害人伤亡的，不属于防卫过当，不负刑事责任。....(please sign in for more)

(46). Criminal responsibility shall be borne where urgent danger prevention exceeds the necessary limits and causes undue harm. However, consideration shall be given according to the circumstances to imposing a mitigated punishment or to granting exemption from punishment.

紧急避险超过必要限度造成不应有的损害的，应当负刑事责任，但是应当减轻或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(47). The provisions of the first paragraph with respect to preventing danger to oneself do not apply to a person who bears specific responsibility in his post or profession.

第一款中关于避免本人危险的规定，不适用于职务上、业务上负有特定责任的人。....(please sign in for more)

(48). Preparation for a crime is preparation of the instruments or creation of the conditions for the commission of a crime.

为了犯罪，准备工具、制造条件的，是犯罪预备。....(please sign in for more)

(49). One who prepares for a crime may, in comparison with one who consummates the crime, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

对于预备犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(50). Criminal responsibility is not to be borne for damage resulting from an act of urgent danger prevention that must be undertaken in order to avert the occurrence of present danger to the state or public interest or the rights of the person, property rights, or other rights of the actor or of other people.

为了使国家、公共利益、本人或者他人的人身、财产和其他权利免受正在发生的危险，不得已采取的紧急避险行为，造成损害的，不负刑事责任。....(please sign in for more)

(51). Criminal attempt occurs when a crime has already begun to be carried out but is not consummated because of factors independent of the will of the criminal element.

已经着手实行犯罪，由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的，是犯罪未遂。....(please sign in for more)

(52). One who attempts to commit a crime may, in comparison with one who consummates the crime, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.

对于未遂犯，可以比照既遂犯从轻或者减轻处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(53). Discontinuation of a crime occurs when, during the process of committing a crime, the actor voluntarily discontinues the crime or voluntarily and effectively prevents the consequences of the crime from occurring.

在犯罪过程中，自动放弃犯罪或者自动有效地防止犯罪结果发生的，是犯罪中止。....(please sign in for more)

(54). One who discontinues a crime shall be exempted from punishment when there is no harm done or be given a mitigated punishment when there is harm done.

对于中止犯，没有造成损害的，应当免除处罚;造成损害的，应当减轻处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(55). A joint crime is an intentional crime committed by two or more persons jointly.

共同犯罪是指二人以上共同故意犯罪。....(please sign in for more)

(56). A negligent crime committed by two or more persons jointly is not to be punished as a joint crime; those who should bear criminal responsibility are to be punished separately according to the crimes they have committed.

二人以上共同过失犯罪，不以共同犯罪论处;应当负刑事责任的，按照他们所犯的罪分别处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(57). A principal offender is one who organizes and leads a criminal group in conducting criminal activities or plays a principal role in a joint crime.

组织、领导犯罪集团进行犯罪活动的或者在共同犯罪中起主要作用的，是主犯。....(please sign in for more)

(58). A crime syndicate is a more or less permanent crime organization composed of three or more persons for the purpose of jointly committing crimes.

三人以上为共同实施犯罪而组成的较为固定的犯罪组织，是犯罪集团。....(please sign in for more)

(59). The head who organizes or leads a crime syndicate shall bear criminal responsibility for all the crimes committed by the syndicate.

对组织、领导犯罪集团的首要分子，按照集团所犯的全部罪行处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(60). A principal offender other that the one stipulated in the third paragraph shall bear criminal responsibility for all the crimes he participated in, organized, or directed.

对于第三款规定以外的主犯，应当按照其所参与的或者组织、指挥的全部犯罪处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(61). An accomplice is one who plays a secondary or supplementary role in a joint crime.

在共同犯罪中起次要或者辅助作用的，是从犯。....(please sign in for more)

(62). An accomplice shall, in comparison with a principal offender, be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

对于从犯，应当从轻、减轻处罚或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(63). One who is coerced to participate in a crime shall, according to the circumstances of his crime, be given a mitigated punishment or be exempted from punishment.

对于被胁迫参加犯罪的，应当按照他的犯罪情节减轻处罚或者免除处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(64). One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime.

教唆他人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中所起的作用处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(65). One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.

教唆不满十八周岁的人犯罪的，应当从重处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(66). If the instigated person does not commit the instigated crime, the instigator may be given a lesser punishment or a mitigated punishment.

如果被教唆的人没有犯被教唆的罪，对于教唆犯，可以从轻或者减轻处罚。....(please sign in for more)

(67). A company, enterprise, institution, organization, or group which commits an act endangering society that is considered a crime under the law shall bear criminal responsibility.

公司、企业、事业单位、机关、团体实施的危害社会的行为，法律规定为单位犯罪的，应当负刑事责任。....(please sign in for more)

(68). A unit responsible for a criminal act shall be fined. The person in charge and other personnel who are directly responsible shall also bear criminal responsibility.

单位犯罪的，对单位判处罚金，并对其直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员判处刑罚。....(please sign in for more)

(69). Where there are other stipulations in the Special Provisions of this Law or other laws, those stipulations shall apply.

本法分则和其他法律另有规定的，依照规定。....(please sign in for more)

(70). Supplementary punishments may also be applied independently.

附加刑也可以独立适用。....(please sign in for more)

(71). Deportation may be applied in an independent or supplementary manner to a foreigner who commits a crime.

对于犯罪的外国人，可以独立适用或者附加适用驱逐出境。....(please sign in for more)

(72). Where the victim has suffered economic loss as a result of a criminal act, the criminal element, in addition to receiving criminal sanctions according to law, shall in accordance with the circumstances be sentenced to make compensation for the economic loss.

由于犯罪行为而使被害人遭受经济损失的，对犯罪分子除依法给予刑事处罚外，并应根据情况判处赔偿经济损失。....(please sign in for more)

(73). Where the criminal element bears responsibility for civil compensation and is also imposed a fine, if his property is not enough to pay the compensation and fine in full or if he has also been sentenced to confiscation of property, he shall first pay civil compensation to the victim.

承担民事赔偿责任的犯罪分子，同时被判处罚金，其财产不足以全部支付的，或者被判处没收财产的，应当先承担对被害人的民事赔偿责任。....(please sign in for more)

(74). Where the circumstances of a person’s crime are minor and do not require sentencing for punishment, an exemption from criminal sanctions may be granted him, but he may, according to the different circumstances of each case, be reprimanded or ordered to make a statement of repentance or formal apology or make compensation for losses, or be subjected to administrative sanctions by the competent department.

对于犯罪情节轻微不需要判处刑罚的，可以免予刑事处罚，但是可以根据案件的不同情况，予以训诫或者责令具结悔过、赔礼道歉、赔偿损失，或者由主管部门予以行政处罚或者行政处分。....(please sign in for more)

(75). The term of control is not less than three months and not more than two years.

管制的期限，为三个月以上二年以下。....(please sign in for more)

(76). The judgment of control for a criminal element is executed by a public security organ.

被判处管制的犯罪分子，由公安机关执行。....(please sign in for more)

(77). A criminal element who is sentenced to control must abide by the following rules during the term in which his control is being carried out

被判处管制的犯罪分子，在执行期间，应当遵守下列规定....(please sign in for more)

(78). Shall not exercise the rights to freedom of speech, of the press, of assembly, of association, of procession, and of demonstration without the approval of the organ executing the control

未经执行机关批准，不得行使言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利....(please sign in for more)

(79). Report on his own activities pursuant to the rules of the organ executing the control

按照执行机关规定报告自己的活动情况....(please sign in for more)

(80). Report and obtain approval from the organ executing the control for a change in residence or departure from the city or county.

离开所居住的市、县或者迁居，应当报经执行机关批准。....(please sign in for more)

(81). A criminal element who is sentenced to control shall, while engaged in labor, receive equal pay for equal work.

对于被判处管制的犯罪分子，在劳动中应当同工同酬。....(please sign in for more)

(82). Upon the expiration of the term of the control, the organ executing the control shall announce the termination of control to the criminal element sentenced to control and to the masses concerned.

被判处管制的犯罪分子，管制期满，执行机关应即向本人和其所在单位或者居住地的群众宣布解除管制。....(please sign in for more)

(83). The term of control is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment begins to be executed, the term is to be shortened by two days for each day spent in custody.

管制的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期二日。....(please sign in for more)

(84). The term of criminal detention is not less a month and not more than six months.

拘役的期限，为一个月以上六个月以下。....(please sign in for more)

(85). A criminal element sentenced to criminal detention is to have his sentence executed by the public security organ in the vicinity.

被判处拘役的犯罪分子，由公安机关就近执行。....(please sign in for more)

(86). During the period of execution, a criminal element sentenced to criminal detention may go home for one or two days each month; consideration may be given according to the circumstances to granting compensation to those who participate in labor.

在执行期间，被判处拘役的犯罪分子每月可以回家一天至两天;参加劳动的，可以酌量发给报酬。....(please sign in for more)

(87). He term of criminal detention is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment, the term is to be shortened by one day for each day spent in custody.

拘役的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。....(please sign in for more)

(88). Except as otherwise provided in articles 50 and 69 of this Law, the term of fixed-term imprisonment is not less than six months and not more than fifteen years.

有期徒刑的期限，除本法第五十条、第六十九条规定外，为六个月以上十五年以下。....(please sign in for more)

(89). A criminal element sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment is to have his sentence executed in prison or in another organ executing the sentence; anyone with the ability to labor shall take part in labor, receive education, and undergo reform.

被判处有期徒刑、无期徒刑的犯罪分子，在监狱或者其他执行场所执行;凡有劳动能力的，都应当参加劳动，接受教育和改造。....(please sign in for more)

(90). The term of fixed-term imprisonment is counted as commencing on the date the judgment begins to be executed; where custody has been employed before the judgment begins to be executed, the term is to be shortened by one day for each day spent in custody.

有期徒刑的刑期，从判决执行之日起计算;判决执行以前先行羁押的，羁押一日折抵刑期一日。....(please sign in for more)

(91). The death penalty is only to be applied to criminal elements who commit the most heinous crimes.

死刑只适用于罪行极其严重的犯罪分子。....(please sign in for more)

(92). In the case of a criminal element who should be sentenced to death, if immediate execution is not essential, a two-year suspension of execution may be announced at the same time the sentence of death is imposed.

对于应当判处死刑的犯罪分子，如果不是必须立即执行的，可以判处死刑同时宣告缓期二年执行。....(please sign in for more)

(93). Except for judgments made by the Supreme People’s Court according to law, all sentences of death shall be submitted to the Supreme People’s Court for approval.

死刑除依法由最高人民法院判决的以外，都应当报请最高人民法院核准。....(please sign in for more)

(94). Sentences of death with suspension of execution may be decided or approved by a high people’s court.

死刑缓期执行的，可以由高级人民法院判决或者核准。....(please sign in for more)

(95). The death penalty is not to be applied to persons who have not reached the age of eighteen at the time the crime is committed or to women who are pregnant at the time of adjudication.

犯罪的时候不满十八周岁的人和审判的时候怀孕的妇女，不适用死刑。....(please sign in for more)

(96). If a person sentenced to death with a suspension of execution dose not intentionally commit a crime during the period of suspension, he is to be given a reduction of sentence to life imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period.

判处死刑缓期执行的，在死刑缓期执行期间，如果没有故意犯罪，二年期满以后，减为无期徒刑。....(please sign in for more)

(97). If he demonstrates meritorious service, he is to be given a reduction of sentence to not less than fifteen years and not more than twenty years of fixed-term imprisonment upon the expiration of the two-year period.

如果确有重大立功表现，二年期满以后，减为十五年以上二十年以下有期徒刑。....(please sign in for more)

(98). If there is verified evidence that he has intentionally committed a crime, the death penalty is be executed upon the approval of the Supreme People’s Court.

如果故意犯罪，查证属实的，由最高人民法院核准，执行死刑。....(please sign in for more)

(99). The term for suspending execution of a sentence of death is counted as commencing on the date the judgment becomes final.

死刑缓期执行的期间，从判决确定之日起计算。....(please sign in for more)

(100). The term of a sentence that is reduced from the death penalty with suspension of execution to fixed-term imprisonment is counted as commencing on the date the suspension of execution expires.

死刑缓期执行减为有期徒刑的刑期，从死刑缓期执行期满之日起计算。....(please sign in for more)