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经济学人:南非城市现状支离破碎

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(1). South African cities

南非城市现状

(2). Still worlds apart

支离破碎

(3). Urban communities remain divided along racial lines. Can that be changed?

城市社区依然按照种族划分。这种状况是否有所转变？

(4). DRIVING throughSouth Africacan be like taking a disheartening trip back in time. Twenty years after introducing full democracy, the racist geography of the apartheid era is stubbornly unchanged.

在南非境内驾车，犹如一场时空倒退的旅行。二十年前，南非就倡导完全民主，二十年后，南非的种族歧视和种族隔离并未得到一丝一毫改变。

(5). 1:Most towns start with a collection of shacks, or perhaps rows of tiny matchbox houses, inevitably inhabited by blacks.||2:A swathe of wasteland follows and then, further along, comes the town proper.||3:Between the two, black people walk through fields or along roads—there are no proper pavements—or sometimes pile in and out of dilapidated minibus taxis en route from home to work.||4:The effects of the Group Areas Act, which physically pushed non-whites to the margins of towns in 1950—at a distance, yet close enough to provide cheap labour—are still evident.

1:多数城镇郊区都是成片破旧的、极其狭窄的房屋，这无疑是黑人的住所。||2:周围是一大片荒地，再远处就是城区了。||3:市区和郊区间并没有人行道，出门工作时，黑人们只能穿过田地或者道路，有时候还要挤破烂不堪的面包车。||4:1950年族群住区法将非白种人驱赶至城市边缘地带—有一定距离，但这距离也足够提供廉价劳动力—这种状况如今并无任何转变。

(6). 1:In sprawlingJohannesburg, the biggest city inSouth Africaand its economic heartland, government officials are trying to break down this “spatial apartheid”.||2:City planners have embarked on an ambitious project to “restitch”Johannesburg, aiming to narrow the great distances between the black majority’s homes and their places of work.||3:Getting communities to live side by side with each other will be no easy task.||4:Income inequality and fear of violent crime have the effect of keeping races apart.||5:Government efforts to provide electricity, water and housing to the poor have had the unintended consequence of strengthening apartheid geography by encouraging people to stay put.||6:But the scheme can still make a big difference to people’s lives.

1:约翰尼斯堡被分割的七零八碎，却是南非最大的城市和经济中心，政府官员们正在努力打破这种“种族隔离”状态。||2:城市规划者们已经着手实施一项伟大工程—“重新使约翰尼斯堡成为一个整体”，缩短黑人住所和工作地点的距离。||3:但是，让人们挨着彼此近距离生活、挨着彼此并不容易。||4:收入不均和对犯罪的担忧也对种族隔离造成影响。||5:政府努力给穷人们供应电力、水源和住房，鼓励人们待在原地不动，这也造成了种族隔离的意外结果。||6:但是这种体制也大大改变了人们的生活。

(7). 1:The flagship project inJohannesburgis a stylish pedestrian bridge that will link Alexandra township, where Nelson Mandela once lived and where the slum-like conditions haven’t changed much since, with Sandton, the city’s wealthiest suburb, where a statue of Mr Mandela is dwarfed by upscale shopping malls.||2:These two areas are close as the crow flies, but cut off from each other by the country’s busiest highway.||3:The bridge should have great practical benefits.||4:According to a traffic study, at least 10,000 people walk between Alexandra and Sandton every day.||5:Construction is expected to start next month.

1:约翰尼斯堡大张旗鼓的工程就像个时尚的人行天桥，链接着曼德拉曾住过的亚历山大小镇，那儿的贫民窟什么的至今并未得到改变，该城镇最富有的郊区桑顿屹立着曼德拉的雕像，但却因一座座拔地而起的购物商场而显的矮小。||2:这两个地方像两条平行线，距离非常近，但却被中间繁忙的高速公路隔离开来。||3:该工程应该有些实际利益。||4:根据一项交通调查，每天至少有10000人步行在亚历山大和桑顿之间。||5:预计下个月开始着手建设。

(8). Johannesburg’s “Corridors of Freedom” plan also includes a major expansion of the city’s bus network and dedicated walking and cycling paths, linking areas slated for “mixed-use”development. Low-income workers typically spend many hours and big chunks of their salaries on transport.

约翰尼斯堡的“自由走廊”计划也包括扩宽城市的公交网，建设人行道和自行车道，发展“共用空间”。尤其是工作时间长的低收入人群，交通费用较大。

(9). 1:The mayor, Parks Tau, speaks of “a comprehensive transformation of our spatial destiny and a break from our apartheid past.”||2:The city’s promotional material has a more pragmatic promise: “Gone will be the days of being forced to rise at dawn to catch a train, bus or taxi to a place of work.”||3:Some residents in neighbourhoods along the planned corridors have complained of a lack of consultation from the city, and are fearful that crime may worsen as the masses pass by.||4:But these changes are long overdue. A more efficient, people-friendlyJohannesburgwill be a far better city.

1:市长帕克斯在谈到“我们的生存空间将会全方位转型，摆脱过去的种族隔离状态。”||2:该城市的宣传资料中有这么个务实的承诺：“压迫的日子将一去不复返了，早起赶火车、公交、出租车去工作的日子也不再有了。”||3:“自由走廊”附近的居民都抱怨与城区缺乏沟通，每天有大量人群路过怕不安全，加大犯罪率。||4:但其实这些担忧都是没必要的，约翰尼斯堡的人们将会过上美好的生活。

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