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卡拉马佐夫兄弟|The Brothers Karanazov
第一部 第一卷 一个家庭的历史:一、费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇·卡拉马佐夫
属类：
双语小说
【分类】双语小说
-[作者: 陀思妥耶夫斯基]
阅读：[5973]
PART I:Book I. The History Of A Family:Chapter I. Fyodor Pavlovitch Karamazov
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阿列克谢·费奥多罗维奇·卡拉马佐夫是我县地主费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇·卡拉马佐夫的第三个儿子。他父亲十三年前就死了，死得很惨，也很蹊跷，当时闹得满城风雨（直到如今我们县里还经常提到他）。这件事我在适当时候会告诉大家的。现在我要说的是，这位“地主”（我们县里的人这样称呼他，尽管他几乎一辈子都没在自己的田庄里住过）是个脾气古怪，但在生活中又可以经常遇到的那种人，他不仅心地卑劣、行为放荡，同时又是头脑糊涂的典型。不过好像也只有这种头脑糊涂的人，在经营自己的财产方面倒是十分高明的。就拿费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇来说吧，开始的时候他几乎一无所有，仅仅是个小得不能再小的地主，到处混饭吃，千方百计地充当食客，可是到临死的时候已经积攒了一笔高达十万卢布的巨款。尽管如此，他一辈子都是我们县里最糊涂最蛮横的人之一。我要再说一遍：他并不愚蠢，那些蛮不讲理的人大多数相当聪明、相当狡猾——他只是糊涂罢了，而且又是特别的、带有民族特色的糊涂。
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他结过两次婚，有三个儿子，长子德米特里·费奥多罗维奇是第一个妻子生的，其余两个，伊凡·费奥多罗维奇和阿列克谢·费奥多罗维奇是第二个妻子生的。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇的第一个妻子出身于名门贵族，是我县地主米乌索夫的女儿。至于这样一位年轻漂亮、聪明活泼并且又有嫁资的姑娘怎么会嫁给这个被大家叫做“窝囊废”的男人，我不想详细解释。这种事情在我们现在这一代人中间并不罕见，而且从前也曾经有过。我就认识一位姑娘，她属于过去的“浪漫”一代。她跟一位先生莫名其妙地恋爱了几年之后，照理可以太太平平结婚的，可是结果她自己想象出了许许多多无法克服的障碍，最后在一个狂风暴雨之夜，从悬崖般陡峭的河岸上跳进冰凉湍急的河里自杀了。她的死完全应该归结于她的古怪脾气，完全是为了模仿莎士比亚的奥菲莉亚。假如那个她早就看中并且十分喜爱的悬崖并非风景如画，假如那是一段缺乏诗意的平坦的河岸，那么她也许根本不会自杀。这是一件真实的事情，而且应该看到，在我们俄国的生活中，在最近的两代人中间，这种事情或者类似的事情屡见不鲜。阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜·米乌索娃的行为显然属于这一类，无疑是受了外界风气的影响，也是流行思想刺激的结果。也许她想显示女子的独立性，反对社会环境，向宗族和家庭的专制抗争，而乘虚而入的幻想又使她相信，哪怕是在一瞬间相信，费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇虽然是名食客，但他却是那个日趋进步的过渡时期最勇敢、最喜爱调侃嘲笑的人，其实他只是个凶恶的小丑而已，别无所长。更耸人听闻的是这件事最终以私奔而告终，这又使阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜感到非常得意。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇对于这样的艳福即使从他的社会地位来说当时也是求之不得的，因为他迫切希望自己有一个锦绣前程，为此可以不择任何手段。攀上这样一门好亲并且得到一份丰厚的嫁妆，确实是一种极大的诱惑。至于双方的爱情，那么无论从新娘还是从他这一方面来看，根本不存在，尽管阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜颇有几分姿色。可以说，这件事也许是费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇一生中唯一的特殊情况，因为他一辈子都沉湎于女色。任何一个女人只要向他招招手，他就可以立即拜倒在她的石榴裙下。然而唯独这个女人在性欲方面没有给他留下什么特殊的印象。
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阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜跟他私奔之后马上就看清了他的真面目。她对自己的丈夫只有轻蔑，并无其他感情。所以，这件婚姻的恶果马上暴露出来了，尽管她家里不久就默认了这件事，并且给了私奔的女儿一笔嫁资，但是夫妇之间的生活变得一团糟，开始没完没了的争吵。据说年轻的妻子在钱这方面显得很大度很高尚，是费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇无法比拟的。现在才知道，她当时刚得到二万五千卢布现款，立即被他全部偷走了，因此这笔数以万计的钱款对她来说从此石沉大海，无影无踪了。她的嫁妆还包括乡下的一座庄园和城里一幢相当不错的房子，他一直都在处心积虑地想通过某种合法的手续把这两处财产转到自己名下，他每时每刻都厚着脸皮跟妻子硬磨软泡，苦苦哀求，以期引起妻子对他的蔑视和讨厌，最后惹得她心烦意乱，只要能摆脱他的纠缠，就同意答应他的要求。他这一手本来肯定能得逞的，但幸亏这时候阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜的娘家出来干涉了，才使这个贪得无厌的家伙有所收敛。大家都知道他们夫妇俩经常打架，据说动手的不是费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇，而是阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜这个脾气暴躁泼辣、身强力壮、皮肤黝黑的女人。最后，她终于抛弃了这个家，离开费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇，跟一个穷困潦倒的神学校教师私奔了，留给费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇一个三岁的儿子米佳。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇马上把一大群姘妇领到家里，毫无节制地酗酒作乐，抽空还跑遍全省各处，向碰到的每个人哭哭啼啼地诉苦，把抛弃他的阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜数落一番，同时还详详细细告诉大家那些做丈夫的羞于启齿的床笫琐事。这主要是因为在众人面前扮演受气丈夫的可笑角色并且大肆渲染自己所受屈辱的各种细节，似乎使他感到愉快甚至引以为荣。那些喜欢嘲弄的人对他说：“您真行啊，费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇，尽管您很伤心，可您升了官发了财，所以您很得意。”许多人甚至补充说，他乐意充当一名面目焕然一新的小丑角色，为了使人们笑得更加痛快，还故意装出对自己可笑的处境满不在乎的样子。不过谁知道呢，也许这是他真情的流露。后来他终于发现了那私奔女人的踪迹。那个不幸的女人跟随自己的神学校教师辗转来到了彼得堡，并在那儿肆无忌惮地投身于最彻底的妇女解放运动了。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇立即忙碌起来，准备到彼得堡去。至于为什么要去，那连他自己也不知道。当然，他本来要立即动身的，可是作出这样的决定之后他马上觉得为了壮胆在出发前特别需要纵酒豪饮一番。就在这个时候，他妻子的娘家得到了她在彼得堡去世的消息。她好像是在一个阁楼里突然死去的，有人说她死于伤寒，也有人说她死于饥饿。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇得悉妻子去世的消息时正喝醉了酒，据说他跑到街上，高兴得举起双臂大声喊道：“这下可好了！”也有人说他像孩子似的号啕大哭，哭得死去活来，简直看着他都觉得可怜，尽管大家都讨厌他。很可能两种说法都有根据，也就是说，他既为自己得到了解脱而高兴，又为使他获得自由的女人而痛哭，两者兼而有之。多数情况下，所有的人，甚至坏蛋，也要比我们一般想象的更加天真幼稚，更加质朴善良。包括我们自己也是这样。
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Alexey Fyodorovitch Karamazov was the third son of Fyodor Pavlovitch Karamazov, a land owner well known in our district in his own day, and still remembered among us owing to his gloomy and tragic death, which happened thirteen years ago, and which I shall describe in its proper place. For the present I will only say that this “landowner”—for so we used to call him, although he hardly spent a day of his life on his own estate—was a strange type, yet one pretty frequently to be met with, a type abject and vicious and at the same time senseless. But he was one of those senseless persons who are very well capable of looking after their worldly affairs, and, apparently, after nothing else. Fyodor Pavlovitch, for instance, began with next to nothing; his estate was of the smallest; he ran to dine at other men’s tables, and fastened on them as a toady, yet at his death it appeared that he had a hundred thousand roubles in hard cash. At the same time, he was all his life one of the most senseless, fantastical fellows in the whole district. I repeat, it was not stupidity—the majority of these fantastical fellows are shrewd and intelligent enough—but just senselessness, and a peculiar national form of it.
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He was married twice, and had three sons, the eldest, Dmitri, by his first wife, and two, Ivan and Alexey, by his second. Fyodor Pavlovitch’s first wife, Adelaïda Ivanovna, belonged to a fairly rich and distinguished noble family, also landowners in our district, the Miüsovs. How it came to pass that an heiress, who was also a beauty, and moreover one of those vigorous, intelligent girls, so common in this generation, but sometimes also to be found in the last, could have married such a worthless, puny weakling, as we all called him, I won’t attempt to explain. I knew a young lady of the last “romantic” generation who after some years of an enigmatic passion for a gentleman, whom she might quite easily have married at any moment, invented insuperable obstacles to their union, and ended by throwing herself one stormy night into a rather deep and rapid river from a high bank, almost a precipice, and so perished, entirely to satisfy her own caprice, and to be like Shakespeare’s Ophelia. Indeed, if this precipice, a chosen and favorite spot of hers, had been less picturesque, if there had been a prosaic flat bank in its place, most likely the suicide would never have taken place. This is a fact, and probably there have been not a few similar instances in the last two or three generations. Adelaïda Ivanovna Miüsov’s action was similarly, no doubt, an echo of other people’s ideas, and was due to the irritation caused by lack of mental freedom. She wanted, perhaps, to show her feminine independence, to override class distinctions and the despotism of her family. And a pliable imagination persuaded her, we must suppose, for a brief moment, that Fyodor Pavlovitch, in spite of his parasitic position, was one of the bold and ironical spirits of that progressive epoch, though he was, in fact, an ill‐natured buffoon and nothing more. What gave the marriage piquancy was that it was preceded by an elopement, and this greatly captivated Adelaïda Ivanovna’s fancy. Fyodor Pavlovitch’s position at the time made him specially eager for any such enterprise, for he was passionately anxious to make a career in one way or another. To attach himself to a good family and obtain a dowry was an alluring prospect. As for mutual love it did not exist apparently, either in the bride or in him, in spite of Adelaïda Ivanovna’s beauty. This was, perhaps, a unique case of the kind in the life of Fyodor Pavlovitch, who was always of a voluptuous temper, and ready to run after any petticoat on the slightest encouragement. She seems to have been the only woman who made no particular appeal to his senses.
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Immediately after the elopement Adelaïda Ivanovna discerned in a flash that she had no feeling for her husband but contempt. The marriage accordingly showed itself in its true colors with extraordinary rapidity. Although the family accepted the event pretty quickly and apportioned the runaway bride her dowry, the husband and wife began to lead a most disorderly life, and there were everlasting scenes between them. It was said that the young wife showed incomparably more generosity and dignity than Fyodor Pavlovitch, who, as is now known, got hold of all her money up to twenty‐five thousand roubles as soon as she received it, so that those thousands were lost to her for ever. The little village and the rather fine town house which formed part of her dowry he did his utmost for a long time to transfer to his name, by means of some deed of conveyance. He would probably have succeeded, merely from her moral fatigue and desire to get rid of him, and from the contempt and loathing he aroused by his persistent and shameless importunity. But, fortunately, Adelaïda Ivanovna’s family intervened and circumvented his greediness. It is known for a fact that frequent fights took place between the husband and wife, but rumor had it that Fyodor Pavlovitch did not beat his wife but was beaten by her, for she was a hot‐tempered, bold, dark‐browed, impatient woman, possessed of remarkable physical strength. Finally, she left the house and ran away from Fyodor Pavlovitch with a destitute divinity student, leaving Mitya, a child of three years old, in her husband’s hands. Immediately Fyodor Pavlovitch introduced a regular harem into the house, and abandoned himself to orgies of drunkenness. In the intervals he used to drive all over the province, complaining tearfully to each and all of Adelaïda Ivanovna’s having left him, going into details too disgraceful for a husband to mention in regard to his own married life. What seemed to gratify him and flatter his self‐love most was to play the ridiculous part of the injured husband, and to parade his woes with embellishments.
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“One would think that you’d got a promotion, Fyodor Pavlovitch, you seem so pleased in spite of your sorrow,” scoffers said to him. Many even added that he was glad of a new comic part in which to play the buffoon, and that it was simply to make it funnier that he pretended to be unaware of his ludicrous position. But, who knows, it may have been simplicity. At last he succeeded in getting on the track of his runaway wife. The poor woman turned out to be in Petersburg, where she had gone with her divinity student, and where she had thrown herself into a life of complete emancipation. Fyodor Pavlovitch at once began bustling about, making preparations to go to Petersburg, with what object he could not himself have said. He would perhaps have really gone; but having determined to do so he felt at once entitled to fortify himself for the journey by another bout of reckless drinking. And just at that time his wife’s family received the news of her death in Petersburg. She had died quite suddenly in a garret, according to one story, of typhus, or as another version had it, of starvation. Fyodor Pavlovitch was drunk when he heard of his wife’s death, and the story is that he ran out into the street and began shouting with joy, raising his hands to Heaven: “Lord, now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace,” but others say he wept without restraint like a little child, so much so that people were sorry for him, in spite of the repulsion he inspired. It is quite possible that both versions were true, that he rejoiced at his release, and at the same time wept for her who released him. As a general rule, people, even the wicked, are much more naïve and simple‐hearted than we suppose. And we ourselves are, too.
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