通译文库

(1). Rhythm fundamentally involves the duration of musical sounds. Tempo is sometimes associated with rhythm. Essential to rhythm are pulsation, meter, and accent.

从根本上讲，节奏与乐音的时值有关。速度有时跟节奏有联系。节奏的要素为:休止、节拍和重音。

(2). When beats are combined in groups to a measure, the result is called meter. Patterns of stress (strong and weak accents)are repeated over and over, as in the waltz rhythm ONE-two-three, ONE-two-three.

不同的单拍子组合在一小节内便形成节拍。强拍和弱拍的循环(重音和弱音)是不断重复的，如华尔兹舞曲的节奏是:强一弱一弱，强一弱一弱。

(3). " Melody involves pitch. When pitches are musically organized, they are called scales. Some music may be based on a motif, or motive-like the four notes at the beginning of Beethoven’s ""Fifth Symphony""."

旋律与音高有关。高低不同的音按一定的音乐规律组织起来便称为音阶。有些音乐作品有主题，如贝多芬<第五交响乐>一开始的四个音符便是。

(4). When the melody is repeated in various forms in a longer composition, this basic tune is said to constitute its theme, or subject.

当旋律在一个较长的作品里以不同形式反复出现时，人们便认为这一基调成了作品的主旋律或主题。

(5). Harmony concerns the building of chord (tones played together)derived from the scale on which the music is based, and it also involves the order in which successions of chords accompany the melody.

构成音乐基础的音阶上的音构成和弦(即若干同时发响的音)，和声与和弦的构成有关，也与伴奏和弦的连接方法及进行规律有关。

(6). Form results from the way in which rhythm, melody, and harmony are put together. Good music must both have unity and variety.

曲式由节奏，旋律及和声的组织方式构成。好的音乐作品必须既有统一又有变化。

(7). Music may be divided into vocal music and instrumental music. However, mixtures of both types are common, as instruments are usually employed to accompany and support voices.

音乐可分为声乐和器乐。然而，因为唱歌往往有乐器伴奏和烘托，声乐器乐合为一体的情况也很常见。

(8). For the viewpoint of content, Western music may be classified as sacred music, secular music, concert music. Concert music comprises the entire field of vocal and instrumental music. Its peaks are the symphony and the oratorio.

从内容分，西洋音乐有圣乐，俗乐和音乐会音乐3种。音乐会音乐包括了所有的声乐和器乐形式。其顶峰为交响乐和清唱剧。

(9). The traditional folk music of our Chinese may be divided into folk songs, music for dance drama or ballet and opera, music for the art of shuochang, music for traditional opera, and national instrumental music.

中国民族音乐可分为民歌，歌舞音乐，说唱音乐，戏曲音乐及民族器乐5种。

(10). The folk songs of the Chinese include haozi, shange, ditty etc. Now there’s a heat for folk songs from the western part of China over the country.

中国民歌包括号子、山歌、小调等。时下，西北民歌盛行中国歌坛。

(11). Sure thing.. Harmony results form the construction of chords--three or more different notes sounded at the same time. The note that originates a chord is called the root. as a rule a chord is constructed from notes of a scale in intervals of thirds.

和声的基础是和弦一一三个和三个以上同时发出的声音。和弦的基本音叫"根音"。一般说来，和弦是由音阶中三度音程的音叠置而成的。

(12). WeIl, please what’s an interval?

那什么叫音程呢?

(13). It’ s the musical distance between two notes of a scale. From C to g is a third, and from E to G is also a third. This combination of three notes----C-E-G----is called a triad and in the key of C major makes up the most frequently used chord, the tonic.

就是一个音阶中两个相邻音之间音的距离，如从C到E是三度，从E到G也是三度。C-E-G这三个音的组合便称作三和弦，这是C大调中最常用的和弦一一主和弦。

(14). Then what about the other frequently used chords?

其他常用的和弦呢?

(15). The dominant seventh chord, in the key of C, is built on G. The chord notes would then be G-B-D-F. The subdominant chord, in the key of C, is built on the fourth note of the scale, or F. This chord is F-a-C.

C调的属七和弦，它的根音就是G，构成这个和弦的音是G-B-D-F。C调的下属和弦，它的根音是F，是音阶上的第四个音。这个和弦是这样构成的:F-a-C

(16). Music based on a certain diatonic key is said to have the tonality of that key. This means that its tonal center, is the tonic.

如果一部音乐作品是以某一自然音阶为基础创作出来的，我们就说这部作品具有这一个调子的调性。这也就是说作品的调性中心就是该音阶的主音。

(17). For variety, composers occasionally use notes and chords from keys or scales other than the predominant one; this is called chromaticism.

为使作品变化丰富，作曲家有时将同一调子或音阶中次要的音符及和弦用在作品中，这便是半音体系。

(18). For a time they might also completely change the tonality, or key, of the music; this is called modulation.

作曲家也许还会在作品中完全改变调性或调子，这就叫转调。

(19). Different effects are created when music is based on other scales. The whole tone scale has no half steps: each note in the 6-note scale is a whole step from the next.

作品若是以另外一些音阶为基础，出来的效果就不一样。全音阶中无半音，在这个6音音阶中两音之间总是相隔一度。

(20). The chromatic scale is made of the 12 black and white keys within an octave on the piano.

半音音阶由钢琴上一个八度的全部工2个黑白键组成。

(21). It can be played by starting at C and playing half steps up to the next C. The 12-tone scale departs even further from tonality.

如果从C弹起，一直以半个音步的间隔弹下去，弹到下一个C音，这就是上面所说的半音音阶。12音音阶距离调性更远。在以此无调性体系为基础谱写的曲子里。

(22). For a composition based on this atonal system, the composer arranges the 12 chromatic scale tones in a selected order, repeating no tone until all 12 have been used.

作曲家以一种安排好的顺序排列这12个半音音阶上的音，在所有12个出现前一个音也不重复。

(23). A less drastic modification of the older tonal system is polytonality.

复调对原音系的背离要小些。

(24). The beginnings of music are lost in the mist of the past.

音乐的起源迷失在历史的浓雾之中。

(25). Egyptian tomb paintings show musicians playing instruments and records indicate that music was developed in our China as early as 3000 B. C. How this ancient music sounded is not known.

埃及墓葬壁画描绘了演奏乐器的情形，另据史料记载我们中国早在公元前3000年就有了音乐。这种远古音乐是何模样就不得而知了。

(26). The Bible contains the words of Hebrew songs and mentions musical instruments. Hebrew chants sung in the temple foreshadowed early Christian songs.

圣经记载了希伯莱歌曲的歌词，并提及当时的乐器。希伯莱人在神庙里演唱的赞美诗为早期基督教歌曲的雏型。

(27). Among the Greeks the theory of music was highly developed. The Greeks selected and arranged the tones in scales called modes.

古希腊人的音乐理论极其发达。希腊人将经过挑选的音排成序列，称之为调式。

(28). Two of these Greek modes supplied the foundation for the music of the Western world. The development of Western music was intertwined with the growth of the Christian church.

两种希腊调式奠定了西方音乐的基础。西洋音乐的发展与基督教的发展密不可分。

(29). Nonreligious music was composed by wandering poets in the 12th and 13th centuries. at first the music was monophonic but during the 800’s it became polyphonic.

世俗音乐是由工2至13世纪的游吟诗人创作的，最初为单声部，后来到公元9世纪时演变成复调音乐。

(30). Great heights in polyphonic church music were reached in the1500’s.

16世纪时，复调的宗教音乐达到高峰。

(31). I’ d like to get some rough idea about music in the baroque ear, please.

请简要介绍一下巴罗克时期的音乐，好吗?

(32). Well, the period from about 1600 to 1750 is known as the baroque era. Music, like the architecture and painting of the time, was .majestic and designed on a grand scale.

首先，巴罗克时期大致是在17世纪至18世纪50年代之间。与同时代的其他艺术如建筑和绘画一样，此时的音乐特点是华丽、恢宏。

(33). Any developments in this era?

这一时期音乐有哪些发展呢?

(34). Several developments of that time brought music close to its modern forms actually: They are the birth of the opera and the oratorio.

本时期几个重大发展将音乐往现代方向大大推进了一步。这些发展是歌剧和清唱剧的诞生。

(35). The baroque age brought a new interest in instrumental music. These developments culminated in the works of J. Bach and G. Handel.

在巴罗克时期，人们重新对器乐产生了兴趣。这一时期的种种进展在巴赫和亨德尔时达到了顶峰。

(36). actually Bach’s incredible output marks the summit of the polyphonic, or contrapuntal, style.

巴赫创作了数量惊人的作品，这标志着复调，即对位风格达到了顶峰造极的地步。....(please sign in for more)

(37). "Bach was the master of the fugue, the chorale-prelude and suites.One of his most famous works is ""The Well-tempered Clavier"" "

巴赫是赋格曲，众赞歌前奏曲和组曲的大师。他最著名的作品之一是(平均律钢琴曲集)。....(please sign in for more)

(38). "I was just coming to him. You’re really eager to learn. Well, Handel produced several oratorios and the best known is the ""Messiah"". It’s his polyphonic writing that made him immortal."

我正要说他呢，你求知欲可真强呀。嗯，亨德尔谱写了几部清唱剧，其中最有名的要数(弥赛亚)了。复调音乐作品使他永世不朽。....(please sign in for more)

(39). In the second half of the 18th century music found new and important expression in the works of the austrian composers F. Haydn and W. Mozart.

18世纪后半叶，奥地利作曲家海顿和莫扎特的作品使音乐界出现了一种全新的、重要的景象。....(please sign in for more)

(40). The compositions of the classical period were dignified, emotionally restrained and marked by great clarity.

古典主义时期的作品形式典雅、情绪含蓄，音乐语言极其清晰。....(please sign in for more)

(41). In place of the intricate texture of the polyphonic works, music now tended to be more homophonic. a pioneer composer of the period was C. Gluek.

此时的音乐一扫复调作品中细密的织体，主调音乐逐渐占上风。该时期的作曲先驱之一是德国的格鲁克。....(please sign in for more)

(42). "Haydn’s major works include many piano sonatas in three movements. The best of his symphonies are the ""London""and the ""Surprise""."

海顿的主要作品包括一大批由三个乐章构成的钢琴奏鸣曲。海顿最优秀的交响乐作品是<伦敦交响曲)和<惊愕交响曲)。....(please sign in for more)

(43). The sonata-allegro form was introduced by him into One or more movements of the symphony. The design has three main sections: the exposition, the development and the recapitulation.

海顿首次将奏鸣曲-快板的形式引人交响乐中的一个或多个乐章，其结构包括三大部分:呈示部、展开部和再现部。....(please sign in for more)

(44). " Mozart wrote ""Symphony in G Minor"" and the ""Jupiter"" symphony. He also excelled in opera and he was the composer of such permanent favourites as "" The magic Flute"", The Marriage of Figaro"", and ""Don Giovanni""."

莫扎特创作了(G小调交响曲)和<丘比特交响曲)。莫氏歌剧也写得极佳，同时他还为后世留下了魅力永世不减的作品，如<魔笛>、<费加罗的婚礼)及<唐乔瓦尼)。....(please sign in for more)

(45). Beethoven was the link with a nev period. He used clashing chords-dissonance-in a way that was shocking in his day, and he initiated changes in the four movements of the symphony.

贝多芬是乐坛向一个新时代过渡的桥梁。他在作品中采用不合谐的和弦-不和谐音，其方式令当时的人们惊愕，他还率先改变了交响乐的四乐章格局。....(please sign in for more)

(46). "His famous nine symphonies include the ""Eroica"", which he originally called the ""Bonaparte""but later renamed when he withdrew the dedication to Napoleon; the ""Fifth"", which was inspired by man’s struggle against fate; the ""Pastoral"" ;and the ""Choral""."

贝多芬著名的9首交响乐包括:V英雄交响曲>(原为V拿破仑．波拿巴交响曲)是献给拿破仑的，后因拿破仑称帝而改为现名)，(第五交响曲)(从人类对命运的抗争获得灵感)，<田园交响曲)和

(47). "The deep and varied emotion of Beethoven is also evident in his piano sonatas--including the ""Moonlight"", ""Pathetique"", and ""appassionata""-as well as in his string quartets, many composed after he had become deaf."

贝多芬深沉丰富的情感同样表现在他的钢琴奏鸣曲中(其中包括<月光奏鸣曲>、<悲怆奏鸣曲)和<热情奏鸣曲)及弦乐四重奏中(弦乐四重奏多为贝多芬失聪后所作)。....(please sign in for more)

(48). 19th-centtlry music was marked by intensely personal expressions of emotion. To assert individuality with greater freedom, composers disregarded the confines of set forms.

19世纪音乐的特点是尽情抒发个人情感。为争取更大自由，表现个性，作曲家摈弃了既定的教条。....(please sign in for more)

(49). They wrote music that was more pictorial than earlier works and often attempted to imitate nature. The new compositions frequently lacked the cheerfulness of the classical period.

他们创作出了比以前那些作品更形象化的音乐作品，常在创作中模仿自然。这种新的作品往往缺乏古典主义时期那种明快感。....(please sign in for more)

(50). " In the quest for self-expression, composers were imbued with a concern for detail. Schubert, a melodic genius, wrote more than 600 art songs, or lied, and he also wrote his most famous symphony the ""Unfinished""."

为追求自我表现，本时期的作曲家极为注重细节。舒伯特这位旋律天才创作了600多首艺术歌曲，亦即德国浪漫歌曲。他还创作了他最负盛名的交响乐(未完成交响曲)。....(please sign in for more)

(51). " a leading conductor and concert pianist as well as a composer, Mendelssohn’s Mid-summer Night’s Dream"", ""Violin Concerto in E Mi nor are well-known."

作为首屈一指的指挥，钢琴家及作曲家，德国的门德尔松创作了名曲<仲夏夜之梦>及

(52). " The ""literary"" composer, Schumann wrote beautiful mood pieces and musical portraits. There are beautiful passages in his ""Spring"" and ""Rhenish""."

作为"文学色彩极浓"的作曲家，德国的舒曼创作了美妙的调式作品和将音乐风格与人联系在一起的作品。他创作的<春天交响曲)和<莱茵河)中多有美妙的乐段。....(please sign in for more)

(53). By the 1830’s Paris was displacing Vienna as the world capital of musical activity.

到19世纪30年代，巴黎逐渐取代维也纳成为世界音乐之都。....(please sign in for more)

(54). The French stage had been revolutionized by the Italian composer L. Cherubini, the musical czar of Paris and the link between classic idealism and modern romanticism.

给法国乐坛带去改革之风的是意大利作曲家L．凯鲁比尼。凯氏被称为巴黎乐坛沙皇，他上承古典的现实主义风格，后启现代的浪漫主义风格。....(please sign in for more)

(55). In the French milieu, innovations in romantic style and form were further developed by Berlioz, Chopin and Liszt.

在法国乐坛上，柏辽兹、肖邦和李斯特进一步推动了对浪漫派风格和曲式的改良。....(please sign in for more)

(56). Berlioz, the master orchestrator, is remembered for his orchestration. Chopin is remembered for his piano compositions.

配器大师柏辽兹因配器而闻名天下。肖邦的钢琴曲使他闻名。....(please sign in for more)

(57). " Liszt, born in Hungary, originated a type of program music, the symphonic poem later known as a tone poem also, and ""Les Preludes"" is an example."

生于匈牙利的李斯特独创了一种标题音乐-交响诗。这种体裁后又被，称作"音诗"，李斯特的(序曲)即为一例。....(please sign in for more)

(58). "One of the most illustrious of the German composers, Wagner revolutionized opera with such works as ""Die Meistersinger"" and ""Lohengrin""which he called music dramas."

作为德国最卓越的作曲家，瓦格纳创作了他所谓的"(音)乐剧"，如<名歌手)和(罗恩格林)等，从而改革了歌剧。....(please sign in for more)

(59). The music of Wagner was distinguished by startling innovations in chord progressions and dissonance.

瓦格纳在作品中对和弦进行及不协和音实行了令人咋舌的创新，这是他作曲的特点。....(please sign in for more)

(60). With Wagner and Beethoven, the classicist and romanticist Brahms dominated the music of the 19th century.

与瓦格纳和贝多芬一道称霸19世纪乐坛的还有德国古典派和浪漫派作曲家布拉姆斯。....(please sign in for more)

(61). another strong trend in the music of the second half of the t9th century was nationalism. Nationalism found expression in Bohemia through the music of Smetana and Dvordk, a pupil of Smetana’ s.

19世纪后半叶的另一大趋势是音乐民族化。通过作曲家斯美塔那及其学生德沃夏克的音乐作品，民族乐派在波希米亚崭露头角。....(please sign in for more)

(62). " In Russia, nationalistic music began with Glinkal who is remembered for his opera ""a Life for the Czar"", and he, together with Dargomyzhski, inspired a group of composers to band together as The Five."

在俄国，格林卡成了俄罗斯民族音乐之父，他的歌剧<为沙皇献身)使他永世留名。在格林卡和另一位俄国作曲家达尔戈梅日斯基的影响下，俄国一些作曲家组成一个作曲小组，人称"五人团"。....(please sign in for more)

(63). "Dargomazhshi’s opera ""The Stone Guest"" became the bible of the new school. The other members of The Five are Rimski-Korskov, Musorgski, Cui and Balairew."

达尔戈梅日斯基的歌剧<石客)成了俄罗斯民族乐派的经典。"五人团"的其他成员还有里姆斯基。科萨科夫，穆索尔斯基，居伊和巴拉基列夫。....(please sign in for more)

(64). "Tchaikov’sky was another Russian composer who used brilliant tone color. His ""Sixth"" (""Pathetique"")symphony, his music for the ballets-""The Nutcracker"", ""The Sleeping Beauty"", and ""Swan Lake"" are widely known."

柴可夫斯基是另一位俄罗斯作曲家，他喜用明亮的音色，他的<第六交响曲>(即<悲怆交响曲))及他为<胡桃夹子)、<睡美人)和(天鹅湖)创作的音乐作品天下闻名。....(please sign in for more)

(65). "and his "" 1812"" overture are now considered warhorses."

他的序曲<1812年)现被视为保留曲目。....(please sign in for more)

(66). " Other nationalist composers include Grieg in Norway, Sibelius in Finland who composed his tone poem ""Finlandia"", albenniz and Falla in Spain, and Saint-Saeens, Faure and Chabrier in France."

其他民族乐派作曲家还有挪威的格里格，芬兰的西贝柳斯(曾创作音诗<芬兰颂))，西班牙的阿尔贝尼斯和法利亚及法国的圣．桑，福雷和夏布里埃。....(please sign in for more)

(67). In the last half of the 19th century several composers were continuing the romantic tradition, among them are Wolf, Bruckner and Mahler in austria.

19世纪后半叶，有几位作曲家继续谱写浪漫派作品，如奥地利的沃尔夫，布鲁克纳和马勒。。....(please sign in for more)

(68). "Meanwhile the Russian pianist-composer Rachmaninoff, the romantic musician, was renowned for ""Prelude in C Sharp Minor""."

与此同时，著名的浪漫派音乐家，俄国的钢琴家兼作曲家拉赫玛尼诺夫，因创作(降C小调前奏曲)而出名。....(please sign in for more)

(69). "Strauss in German followed Wagner and composed the symphonic poem ""Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks"". "

德国的施特劳斯沿袭瓦格纳之风，谱写了交响诗<梯尔.艾伦施皮格尔的恶作剧)....(please sign in for more)

(70). The history of Western music in the 20th century has followed two main paths-tradition and experimentation.

20世纪西方音乐沿着继承和探索这两大方向发展。....(please sign in for more)

(71). While existing conventions that had governed Western music for centuries were giving way to the intense search for new expression in sound, as in atonal and electronic music,

一方面人们摈弃数百余年沿用的西方音乐表现法则，竭力追求新的音乐表现法，如无调性电子音乐....(please sign in for more)

(72). The traditional 18th century forms and tonality were embraced by an influential group of composers-the neoclassicists.

另一方面，一批有影响的作曲家，即新古典主义音乐家，又崇尚18世纪的音乐形式和调性。....(please sign in for more)

(73). Let’s talk about the experimentation and innovation first, shall we?

咱们先谈谈本世纪的探索和革新，好吗?....(please sign in for more)

(74). In fact the music of the 20th century is marked by a great proliferation of individual styles.

实际上，20世纪音乐的一大特征是个人风格大发展。....(please sign in for more)

(75). "The first composer we’ll talk about is The Frenchman Claude Debussy who introduced a style called ""impressionism, "" a term used for contemporary painting."

我们首先要谈的是法国的德彪西，他将当代绘画中的印象主义引入了音乐创作。....(please sign in for more)

(76). " Using a whole-tone scale of five tones, free treatment of rhythm, and subtle dynamics (loudness and softness), Debussy turned away from Wagner when he composed the. atonal and impressionistic ""Pelleas and Melisande"" (1902)."

德彪西在创作<佩利亚斯与梅丽桑德)(1902)这部无调性的印象派音乐作品时，反瓦格纳之道而行之，采用了五声全音阶，自由节奏和细微的力度(强弱)变化手法。....(please sign in for more)

(77). Perhaps the first truly 20th century composer, he prefigured the developments in atonality that would soon occur in Vienna.

德彪西也许是真正的第一个20世纪作曲家，他预见到了无调性音乐很快会出现在维也纳。....(please sign in for more)

(78). The Vienna school headed by a. Schoenberg and his pupils a. Webern and a. Berg moved directly to the exploration of sounds in a more abstract sense.

以勋伯格及其学生韦伯恩和伯格为代表的维也纳学派直接对声音进行了更加抽象的分析。....(please sign in for more)

(79). "The true pioneer of the post-Romantic era, Schoenberg was committed to the ""emancipation of dissonance."

作为后浪漫主义时期名符其实的开拓者，勋伯格致力于"解放不谐和音"。....(please sign in for more)

(80). The 20th century is also a century of continuation for traditional music.

20世纪音乐又是对传统音乐的继承。....(please sign in for more)

(81). Using eighteenth-century musical forms and the tonality of the seven-note scale, the group also drew from ethnic folk tunes, jazz, and polytonal techniques.

这批音乐家运用18世纪的音乐形式和七音音阶的调性，同时也从各民族民间曲调，爵士乐和多调性技巧中汲取养份。....(please sign in for more)

(82). The neoclassicist influence has been particularly strong in the United States with such composers as Samuel Barber and Walter Piston.

新古典主义的影响在美国尤其大，其代表人物有S．巴伯及W．皮斯顿等作曲家。....(please sign in for more)

(83). Developing along with the Franco-Russian school was a group of individualists not entirely bound to classic tonality.

与法俄乐派同时发展还有一群崇尚个性，不完全效法传统调性的音乐家。....(please sign in for more)

(84). Against the extremes of the atonal experimentalists, the Franco-Russion school of eoclassicists dominated by lgor Stravinsky( 1882-1971)and also including R. Strauss and the French group Les Six continued in a more traditional vein in reaction to nineteenth-century Romanticism.

跟无调性音乐探索者的极端作法相反，以斯特拉文斯基(1882-1971)为首包括施特劳斯在内的法、俄新古典主义乐派及法国"六人团"反对19世纪浪漫主义音乐，继续回归传统。....(please sign in for more)

(85). "In america, Charles Ives (1874-1954)produced an original corpus of individualistic and entirely american music. His masterpiece is his ""Third Symphony"", completed in 1917 but not performed until 1947."

在美国，查尔斯．艾夫斯(1974-1954)创作了一系列富有新意，个性鲜明，正宗的美国音乐作品。他的代表作为<第三交响乐)。该作品写于1917年，但1947年才被人演奏。....(please sign in for more)

(86). "In France, E. Satie(1866-1925)composed witty, eccentric pieces including his influential ""Parade""(1911)using american jazz forms, sirens, and airplane motors."

在法国，E．萨蒂(工866-1925)创作了一些机智，离奇的作品，其中包括颇有影响的(游行>(1911)。这些作品借鉴了美国爵士乐的形式，加入了警笛和飞机发动机的声音。....(please sign in for more)

(87). " a. Scriabin (1872-1915)Combined colored lights and free tonality in his fifth symphony ""Prometheus: Poem of Fire (1910)."

俄国作曲家a．斯克里亚宾(1872-1915)在其第五交响乐<普鲁米修斯:火之诗)(1910)中同时运用了彩色灯光和自由调性。....(please sign in for more)

(88). Western popular music during the 20th century has been dominated by the USa. Black artists have played a central role, with the folk music of the southern slaves transformed into a new style: jazz.

在20世纪西方流行音乐中，美国占了主导地位。以黑人音乐家为主的美国音乐家们使南方黑奴的民间音乐转变为一种新的音乐形式:爵士乐。....(please sign in for more)

(89). The new sound, a mixture of European and african traditions, was rhythmic, emotional and vital: it could be played by a full band, a small band or by a soloist. above all, it could be danced to.

这种新颖的音乐溶合了欧洲和非洲的传统，节奏感强，情绪激昂,充满活力。它可由大小乐队演奏．或独奏。更主要的是可以伴舞。....(please sign in for more)

(90). In the period from 1890 to 1917, a new kind of music, known as ragtime emerged from St Louis, USa with S. Joplin as its principal exponent. Then came a second independent jazz style, the classic blues.

1890--1917年间．一种名为拉格泰姆的新型音乐出现在美国圣路易斯，主要代表为S．乔普林。此后又出现了第二种风格独立的爵士乐，古典爵士乐。....(please sign in for more)

(91). around 1910, the syncopation of ragtime and the vocal-type melody of blues combined to form the base from which jazz developed in the following decade.

1910年左右，拉格泰姆的切分特色同布鲁斯喊叫式的旋律特点相结合，为下一个10年内爵士乐的发展奠定了基础。....(please sign in for more)

(92). New Orleans was the centre of jazz during that time, with at least 30 bands playing improvised pieces developed form marches and dirges.

新奥尔良是当时爵士乐的中心，当时至少有30支乐队经常以进行曲和庄重悲哀的曲子为基础进行即兴演奏。....(please sign in for more)

(93). The jazz age of 1920s produced the symphonic, or sweet, jazz, and-also the hot jazz of armstrong that later led to the swing music of the 1930s.

爵士乐发展到20年代，出现了交响爵士乐，又称甜蜜的爵士乐以及"热"爵士乐，这种以黑人乐师阿姆斯特朗为代表的"热"爵士乐30年代又发展成摇摆爵士乐。....(please sign in for more)

(94). Swing was big-band music and used large brass sections to provide a tidal wave of sound.

摇摆爵士乐的特征是启用大型乐队，铜管乐器用得很多，以给人一种音浪的感觉。....(please sign in for more)

(95). During that period, radio, the movies, and the phonograph record were creating a vast audience for commercial popular music, the center of which (known as Tin Pan alley)was in New York.

那时，无线电、电影、唱片为商业化的流行音乐招徕了大批的听众，当时流行音乐的中心是纽约的锡锅谷。....(please sign in for more)

(96). Meanwhile, a new, cooler jazz style was emerging. One result, in the 1940s was be-bop or, simply, bop, a musically sophisticated product of young black musicians.

与此同时，一种新的，不那么"热"的爵士乐正在崛起。40年代，比鲍普或鲍普问世，这是一种由年轻黑人乐师推出的较为高深的爵士乐。....(please sign in for more)

(97). " The blues had also been evolving. The ""12-bar"" style was not only the basis for much early New Orleans band music, but also was used by guitar soloists as the basis for powerful folk blues or country blues."

同时，布鲁斯也在不断发展，其12小节的风格不仅是许多早期新奥尔良乐队演奏的基础，而且被吉他独奏演员用作基础，来演奏强劲的民间布鲁斯音乐和乡村布鲁斯音乐。....(please sign in for more)

(98). as blacks moved to the north, their blues changed with the new environments. Rhythm and blues, a more commercial style, emerged.

美国黑人迁移到北方后，他们带去的布鲁斯音乐也随着环境的变化而变化。一种更加商业化的爵士乐，节奏布鲁斯出现了。....(please sign in for more)

(99). It was played on electric guitars with bass and drum backing, and the sound was now harder and more driving. The white equivalent ot rhythm and rues was coming out of Nashville, Tennessee.

节奏布鲁斯用电吉他演奏，低音大提琴和鼓伴奏。这种布鲁斯声音更"硬"，更有力，白人演奏家演奏的节奏布鲁斯源于田纳西州的纳什维尔。....(please sign in for more)

(100). By the 1950s the big-band jazz era had passed.

进入50年代，大型乐队演奏爵士乐的时代已经过去。....(please sign in for more)