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卡拉马佐夫兄弟|The Brothers Karanazov

第一部 第一卷 一个家庭的历史:三、第二次结婚以及第二个妻子生的两个孩子

属类: 双语小说 【分类】双语小说 -[作者: 陀思妥耶夫斯基] 阅读:[7383]
PART I:Book I. The History Of A Family:Chapter III. The Second Marriage And The Second Family
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费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇把四岁的米佳从身边打发走之后又马上第二次结婚了。这第二次婚姻持续了大约八年时间。他娶的第二位妻子索菲亚·伊凡诺芙娜也非常年轻,那是他与犹太人合伙到外省承包某项小工程时认识的。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇虽然醉心于吃喝玩乐,放浪形骸,可是从来没有停止过投资生财,而且始终把事情办得十分顺利,尽管几乎每一次的手法都有点卑鄙。索菲亚·伊凡诺芙娜是位孤女,从小失去父母,她父亲是个性格忧郁的教堂执事,但是她却在一个富裕的家庭中长大成人。收养她的恩人是沃罗霍夫将军的遗孀,这位年迈的很有名望的将军夫人经常折磨她。详细情况我不得而知,只是听说这位向来温柔善良、逆来顺受的养女曾在储藏室的钉子上系了根绳子打算上吊自尽,结果被人救了下来,可见她是多么难以忍受将军夫人的古怪脾气和没完没了的指责。其实那老妇人并不凶恶,只是因为养尊处优而蛮横到令人无法忍受的地步。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇前去求婚,人家一听他的来历就把他赶走了。于是又像第一次婚姻一样,他提议姑娘跟他私奔。倘若她能及时了解他的底细,那她也许无论如何不会跟他私奔的。可事情发生在另外一个省份,此外像她这样一个宁愿自杀也不肯留在养母家里的十六岁女孩又懂得些什么呢?这苦命的姑娘逃出了狼穴,却又落入了虎口。这一次费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇分文没有到手,因为将军夫人盛怒之下什么也没给,不仅如此,还把他们俩诅咒了一番。不过他本来也没有指望能捞到什么,令他垂涎三尺的是这位少女的非凡美貌,更重要的,她那天真无邪的模样使他这个至今只知道追逐粗俗女性的好色之徒惊叹不已。“那双天真无邪的眼睛当时像剃刀那样在我心上划了一刀。”后来他常常这样恬不知耻地笑着说。不过对于一个淫棍来说,这也只是情欲冲动而已。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇没有捞到任何实惠,对待妻子的态度变得肆无忌惮了。借口她有愧于他,似乎是他从“吊绳上”把她救下来的,此外,还利用她那少有的温顺和逆来顺受的性格,他连夫妇间应有的最起码的体面也不顾了。一些坏女人聚集到他家里,当着他妻子的面纵酒作乐,胡作非为。我还要告诉大家一个特殊情况,那就是格里戈里这个阴沉、愚蠢、顽固、喜欢唠叨的义仆,他跟原来的太太阿杰莱达·伊凡诺芙娜是死对头,这一次却站在新太太一边,处处保护她,为了她甚至用一种对仆人来说几乎不允许的方式跟费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇吵架。有一次他硬是把前来纵酒作乐、为非作歹的荡妇们统统赶走了。这个从小就被吓得战战兢兢的不幸的少妇后来得了一种神经性妇女病,这种病在乡下女人身上经常可以见到,患者通常叫做疯癫女人。得了这种病,往往会歇斯底里发作,甚至昏厥过去。不过她还是为费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇生了两个儿子,第一个儿子伊凡是在结婚当年生的,第二个儿子阿列克谢是三年以后生的,她死的时候阿列克谢才三岁多,虽然说来奇怪,可我知道他后来一辈子都记得母亲,当然恍如梦中一般。母亲一死,两个孩子的遭遇就跟他们的哥哥米佳一模一样:他们完全被父亲彻底遗忘了。弟兄俩都落到格里戈里手里,也都住进了他的小木屋。那位年迈而蛮横的将军夫人,他们母亲的恩人和养母,就是在小木屋里找到了他们。她当时还健在,整整八年来她始终无法忘记她受到的屈辱。有关她的“索菲亚”的情况,八年来她随时都掌握着最精确的情报。听说索菲亚生了重病,过着非人的生活,有两三次她对自己的那些食客大声说:“她这是活该,她忘恩负义,上帝才这样惩罚她。”

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索菲亚·伊凡诺芙娜死后刚过了整整三个月,将军夫人就突然亲自来到我们城里,直奔费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇的住处。她在城里总共才呆了将近半个小时,可做的事情却不少。当时已是傍晚时分,八年来她没见过面的费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇喝得醉醺醺地出来迎接她。据说,她见了他也不作任何解释,上去就狠狠给了他两记响亮的耳光,接着一把揪住他的头发往下按了三次,然后又一声不响地直接到小木屋去找两个小外孙。她第一眼就发现他们满面污垢,衣衫褴褛,便马上扇了格里戈里一个耳光并向他宣布,她要把两个孩子带回自己家里,然后搀着他们走出小木屋,将他们裹进一条方格毛毯,抱上马车,带回自己家里。格里戈里作为一名忠实的奴仆挨了这记耳光,没说一句粗鲁的话,还送老夫人到马车跟前,向她深深鞠了个躬,大声说:“这样照顾孤儿,上帝一定会报答的。”“你是个混蛋!”将军夫人临走前冲着他吼道。费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇仔细盘算了一下,认为这是件好事,因此后来在具结两个孩子由将军夫人抚养的正式文件时他没有拒绝过任何一项条款。至于那两记耳光,他自己还在全城到处宣扬呢。

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此后不久,将军夫人就死了。但她在遗嘱里指定给孩子们每人一千卢布“作为教育费用,这笔钱必须全部花在他们身上,直到他们成年为止,因为这笔款项对于这样的孩子来说已经绰绰有余,假如有人愿意慷慨解囊,那就请便”。我自己没有见过这份遗嘱,但听说确实有这类奇怪的内容,其表述的方式颇为独特。老太太的主要继承者叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇·波列诺夫倒是个老实人,担任那个省的贵族长。他跟费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇通了一次信之后一下子就猜到,要他掏钱抚养自己的亲生儿子是不可能的事(尽管他从来不会直截了当地一口拒绝,碰到这种情况他就采取拖延的办法,有时候甚至说得娓娓动听),于是波列诺夫亲自照顾两个孩子,尤其喜欢小的那个阿列克谢。阿列克谢有很长时间甚至就是在他家里长大的。我请读者从一开始就注意这一点。如果说这两位年轻人之所以能够受到教育和培养而应该一辈子感谢什么人的话,那就是叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇这个极其高尚、极其富于人道主义精神的人,像这样的人如今很少见了。他分文未动将军夫人留给每个孩子的一千卢布,到他们成年时加上利息,竟达到了两千卢布。他是用自己的钱供养他们的,花费在他们身上的数目当然远远超过每人一千卢布。他们的青少年时代,暂时我也不打算详谈,我只提一下几个最重要的情况。关于哥哥伊凡,我只想告诉大家,他从小就是个忧郁、内向的孩子,虽然远非胆小怕事,但似乎从十岁起就懂得他们毕竟寄人篱下,靠了别人的恩惠才得以成长,而他们的父亲又是那种说出来都嫌丢人的人,等等。这孩子很早,几乎从婴儿时代起(至少传说是这样的)就开始显露出非凡的研究学问的才能。确切的情形不太清楚,但他在十三岁的时候就已经离开了叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇的家,进了莫斯科一所中学,寄住在叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇少年时代的朋友,一位很有经验、当时很有名望的教育家家里。后来伊凡自己说这都是由于叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇“急公好义”,因为他有一个想法,就是天才的孩子应该跟天才的教育家学习。不过,当这位年轻人中学毕业进大学的时候,无论叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇还是那位天才的教育家,都已经去世。因为叶菲姆·彼得罗维奇生前没有交代清楚,他理应得到的那笔由专横的将军夫人留下的款项,虽然加上利息已达两千之巨,但由于我们这儿种种不可避免的手续和拖拉而迟迟无法得到,所以这位年轻人在大学的头两年既要养活自己又要学习,日子过得十分艰难。应该指出的是,他当初就根本不想跟父亲通信,也许由于高傲,由于瞧不起他,也许经过冷静理智的思考后明白了从父亲那儿决不会得到任何接济。不管处境多么艰难,年轻人丝毫没有惊慌失措、迷失方向,最后终于找到了一份工作,先是授课,继而又用“目击者”的笔名写些街头新闻之类的小文章分头送到各家报社发表。据说这些十来行字的小文章构思巧妙,趣味盎然,以致很快就风行起来,仅此一端就足以说明这位青年人在实际能力以及智力方面远远超过我们这里为数众多、永远贫困和不幸的那部分男女青年学生。那些学生踏破了京城各家报社和杂志社的门槛,一天到晚苦苦哀求给他们翻译法文作品或者抄写之类的工作,除此以外他们再也想不出更好的办法了。伊凡·费奥多罗维奇结识了好几家报社的编辑之后,始终没有中断过跟他们的联系。到了大学最后几年,开始发表涉及各种专题的颇有才气的书评,甚至在文学圈内也小有名气了。不过,直到最近他才偶然在更为广泛的读者圈子里突然引起了特别的注意,许多人因此而一下子发现并记住了他。这是个相当有趣的现象。正当伊凡·费奥多罗维奇大学毕业,打算动用自己的两千卢布到国外游历的时候,他在一家大报上刊登了一篇奇特的文章,即使不是专家也注意到了这篇奇文。更主要的是,论述的对象对他来说显然是完全陌生的,因为他学的专业是自然科学,这篇文章却是针对当时到处都在议论的宗教法庭问题而写的。他分析了对这个问题现有的种种观点,同时也阐述了自己个人的见解。关键是他文章的语气以及精彩而出奇的结论。许多宗教界人士完全把他看作了自己人,而那些非宗教界人士,甚至连无神论者也从自己的角度大加赞赏,拍手称快。最后,有些机灵的人终于悟出了这整篇文章只是一种嘲弄、一出大胆的闹剧而已。我所以要特别提醒大家注意这个事件,是因为这篇文章及时地传到了位于我们城市郊外的一家很有名气的修道院。那里对于沸沸扬扬的宗教法庭问题是十分注意的——文章传进了修道院并且使大家感到困惑不解。大家知道了作者姓名之后,又打听到他是我们城里的人,“就是那个费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇的儿子”。正巧在这时候作者本人又突然出现在我们城里。

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伊凡·费奥多罗维奇当时到我们这儿来干什么?记得我当时就怀着几分担忧给自己提出过这样的问题。这次不祥的并且造成了极其严重后果的来访,后来很长时间甚至始终令我捉摸不透。一般说来,像他这样既有学问、看上去又很高傲谨慎的年轻人居然走进一个十分丑恶的家庭,投奔这样的父亲,岂非咄咄怪事?他父亲一辈子都没有把他放在心上,不了解也不记得他,即使儿子向他要钱,他也决不会给他一个子儿,然而还是一辈子提心吊胆,唯恐两个儿子,伊凡和阿列克谢,有朝一日会突然来向他讨钱。但这位年轻人居然住进了这位父亲家里,而且一住就是一两个月,彼此相处得再和睦不过了。他们这样和睦相处不仅使我,也使其他许多人感到惊讶。彼得·亚历山德罗维奇·米乌索夫,就是我在上面提到过的费奥多尔·巴夫洛维奇前妻的远亲,当时恰巧也从长期定居的巴黎回到我们这儿,住在城郊他自己的庄园里。我记得,米乌索夫比任何人都感到惊奇。他认识了这位对他也极感兴趣的年轻人,有时不免怀着痛苦的心情与他唇枪舌剑一番。“他非常高傲,”当时他对我们说,“任何时候都能挣到钱,现在他手头的钱就足够去国外。那么他究竟为什么要待在这儿呢?大家都知道他到父亲这儿不是为了钱,因为他父亲在任何情况下决不会给他的。他不贪杯也不贪色,然而老人已经离不开他了,两人相处得非常融洽!”实际情况也确实如此,年轻人甚至对老头儿产生了明显的影响,尽管老头儿非常任性,甚至无理取闹,但有时候似乎还肯听他的话,有时候甚至变得守规矩了……

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直到后来才搞清楚,伊凡·费奥多罗维奇之所以回来,部分原因是长兄德米特里·费奥多罗维奇请他来帮助处理事情。几乎就在这个时候,在这次回家以后,伊凡·费奥多罗维奇才有生第一次认识并且见到了德米特里·费奥多罗维奇,不过为了一件跟德米特里·费奥多罗维奇有关的重要事情,他还在离开莫斯科到此地来之前就已经跟他通过信了。至于究竟是怎么回事,读者以后自然会详细知道的。尽管我当时就已经知道了这个特殊的情况,但我还是觉得伊凡·费奥多罗维奇是个神秘莫测的人,他到我们这儿来的意图还是难以解释。

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我还要补充一句,就是伊凡·费奥多罗维奇当初似乎充当了父亲和长兄德米特里·费奥多罗维奇之间的中间人和调解人角色,因为德米特里·费奥多罗维奇当时与父亲吵得不可开交,甚至正式提出了诉讼。

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我再说一遍,这个家庭当初是第一次团聚,有几个人还是生平第一次互相见面,只有小儿子阿列克谢·费奥多罗维奇比两位兄长来得早些,他在我们这儿已经住了将近一年光景。关于这个阿列克谢的情况,在把他推上小说舞台之前,很难在我这个序幕性质的叙述中加以介绍。但我又不能不说几句,至少先要说明一个非常奇特的情况,那就是我只能让读者看到我这位未来主人公在第一幕开始时就是穿着修士的长袍登上小说舞台的。是的,当时他在我们这儿的修道院里已经住了一年左右,而且看样子还打算在里边隐居一辈子。

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Very shortly after getting his four‐year‐old Mitya off his hands Fyodor Pavlovitch married a second time. His second marriage lasted eight years. He took this second wife, Sofya Ivanovna, also a very young girl, from another province, where he had gone upon some small piece of business in company with a Jew. Though Fyodor Pavlovitch was a drunkard and a vicious debauchee he never neglected investing his capital, and managed his business affairs very successfully, though, no doubt, not over‐ scrupulously. Sofya Ivanovna was the daughter of an obscure deacon, and was left from childhood an orphan without relations. She grew up in the house of a general’s widow, a wealthy old lady of good position, who was at once her benefactress and tormentor. I do not know the details, but I have only heard that the orphan girl, a meek and gentle creature, was once cut down from a halter in which she was hanging from a nail in the loft, so terrible were her sufferings from the caprice and everlasting nagging of this old woman, who was apparently not bad‐hearted but had become an insufferable tyrant through idleness.

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Fyodor Pavlovitch made her an offer; inquiries were made about him and he was refused. But again, as in his first marriage, he proposed an elopement to the orphan girl. There is very little doubt that she would not on any account have married him if she had known a little more about him in time. But she lived in another province; besides, what could a little girl of sixteen know about it, except that she would be better at the bottom of the river than remaining with her benefactress. So the poor child exchanged a benefactress for a benefactor. Fyodor Pavlovitch did not get a penny this time, for the general’s widow was furious. She gave them nothing and cursed them both. But he had not reckoned on a dowry; what allured him was the remarkable beauty of the innocent girl, above all her innocent appearance, which had a peculiar attraction for a vicious profligate, who had hitherto admired only the coarser types of feminine beauty.

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“Those innocent eyes slit my soul up like a razor,” he used to say afterwards, with his loathsome snigger. In a man so depraved this might, of course, mean no more than sensual attraction. As he had received no dowry with his wife, and had, so to speak, taken her “from the halter,” he did not stand on ceremony with her. Making her feel that she had “wronged” him, he took advantage of her phenomenal meekness and submissiveness to trample on the elementary decencies of marriage. He gathered loose women into his house, and carried on orgies of debauchery in his wife’s presence. To show what a pass things had come to, I may mention that Grigory, the gloomy, stupid, obstinate, argumentative servant, who had always hated his first mistress, Adelaïda Ivanovna, took the side of his new mistress. He championed her cause, abusing Fyodor Pavlovitch in a manner little befitting a servant, and on one occasion broke up the revels and drove all the disorderly women out of the house. In the end this unhappy young woman, kept in terror from her childhood, fell into that kind of nervous disease which is most frequently found in peasant women who are said to be “possessed by devils.” At times after terrible fits of hysterics she even lost her reason. Yet she bore Fyodor Pavlovitch two sons, Ivan and Alexey, the eldest in the first year of marriage and the second three years later. When she died, little Alexey was in his fourth year, and, strange as it seems, I know that he remembered his mother all his life, like a dream, of course. At her death almost exactly the same thing happened to the two little boys as to their elder brother, Mitya. They were completely forgotten and abandoned by their father. They were looked after by the same Grigory and lived in his cottage, where they were found by the tyrannical old lady who had brought up their mother. She was still alive, and had not, all those eight years, forgotten the insult done her. All that time she was obtaining exact information as to her Sofya’s manner of life, and hearing of her illness and hideous surroundings she declared aloud two or three times to her retainers:

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“It serves her right. God has punished her for her ingratitude.”

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Exactly three months after Sofya Ivanovna’s death the general’s widow suddenly appeared in our town, and went straight to Fyodor Pavlovitch’s house. She spent only half an hour in the town but she did a great deal. It was evening. Fyodor Pavlovitch, whom she had not seen for those eight years, came in to her drunk. The story is that instantly upon seeing him, without any sort of explanation, she gave him two good, resounding slaps on the face, seized him by a tuft of hair, and shook him three times up and down. Then, without a word, she went straight to the cottage to the two boys. Seeing, at the first glance, that they were unwashed and in dirty linen, she promptly gave Grigory, too, a box on the ear, and announcing that she would carry off both the children she wrapped them just as they were in a rug, put them in the carriage, and drove off to her own town. Grigory accepted the blow like a devoted slave, without a word, and when he escorted the old lady to her carriage he made her a low bow and pronounced impressively that, “God would repay her for the orphans.” “You are a blockhead all the same,” the old lady shouted to him as she drove away.

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Fyodor Pavlovitch, thinking it over, decided that it was a good thing, and did not refuse the general’s widow his formal consent to any proposition in regard to his children’s education. As for the slaps she had given him, he drove all over the town telling the story.

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It happened that the old lady died soon after this, but she left the boys in her will a thousand roubles each “for their instruction, and so that all be spent on them exclusively, with the condition that it be so portioned out as to last till they are twenty‐one, for it is more than adequate provision for such children. If other people think fit to throw away their money, let them.” I have not read the will myself, but I heard there was something queer of the sort, very whimsically expressed. The principal heir, Yefim Petrovitch Polenov, the Marshal of Nobility of the province, turned out, however, to be an honest man. Writing to Fyodor Pavlovitch, and discerning at once that he could extract nothing from him for his children’s education (though the latter never directly refused but only procrastinated as he always did in such cases, and was, indeed, at times effusively sentimental), Yefim Petrovitch took a personal interest in the orphans. He became especially fond of the younger, Alexey, who lived for a long while as one of his family. I beg the reader to note this from the beginning. And to Yefim Petrovitch, a man of a generosity and humanity rarely to be met with, the young people were more indebted for their education and bringing up than to any one. He kept the two thousand roubles left to them by the general’s widow intact, so that by the time they came of age their portions had been doubled by the accumulation of interest. He educated them both at his own expense, and certainly spent far more than a thousand roubles upon each of them. I won’t enter into a detailed account of their boyhood and youth, but will only mention a few of the most important events. Of the elder, Ivan, I will only say that he grew into a somewhat morose and reserved, though far from timid boy. At ten years old he had realized that they were living not in their own home but on other people’s charity, and that their father was a man of whom it was disgraceful to speak. This boy began very early, almost in his infancy (so they say at least), to show a brilliant and unusual aptitude for learning. I don’t know precisely why, but he left the family of Yefim Petrovitch when he was hardly thirteen, entering a Moscow gymnasium, and boarding with an experienced and celebrated teacher, an old friend of Yefim Petrovitch. Ivan used to declare afterwards that this was all due to the “ardor for good works” of Yefim Petrovitch, who was captivated by the idea that the boy’s genius should be trained by a teacher of genius. But neither Yefim Petrovitch nor this teacher was living when the young man finished at the gymnasium and entered the university. As Yefim Petrovitch had made no provision for the payment of the tyrannical old lady’s legacy, which had grown from one thousand to two, it was delayed, owing to formalities inevitable in Russia, and the young man was in great straits for the first two years at the university, as he was forced to keep himself all the time he was studying. It must be noted that he did not even attempt to communicate with his father, perhaps from pride, from contempt for him, or perhaps from his cool common sense, which told him that from such a father he would get no real assistance. However that may have been, the young man was by no means despondent and succeeded in getting work, at first giving sixpenny lessons and afterwards getting paragraphs on street incidents into the newspapers under the signature of “Eye‐Witness.” These paragraphs, it was said, were so interesting and piquant that they were soon taken. This alone showed the young man’s practical and intellectual superiority over the masses of needy and unfortunate students of both sexes who hang about the offices of the newspapers and journals, unable to think of anything better than everlasting entreaties for copying and translations from the French. Having once got into touch with the editors Ivan Fyodorovitch always kept up his connection with them, and in his latter years at the university he published brilliant reviews of books upon various special subjects, so that he became well known in literary circles. But only in his last year he suddenly succeeded in attracting the attention of a far wider circle of readers, so that a great many people noticed and remembered him. It was rather a curious incident. When he had just left the university and was preparing to go abroad upon his two thousand roubles, Ivan Fyodorovitch published in one of the more important journals a strange article, which attracted general notice, on a subject of which he might have been supposed to know nothing, as he was a student of natural science. The article dealt with a subject which was being debated everywhere at the time—the position of the ecclesiastical courts. After discussing several opinions on the subject he went on to explain his own view. What was most striking about the article was its tone, and its unexpected conclusion. Many of the Church party regarded him unquestioningly as on their side. And yet not only the secularists but even atheists joined them in their applause. Finally some sagacious persons opined that the article was nothing but an impudent satirical burlesque. I mention this incident particularly because this article penetrated into the famous monastery in our neighborhood, where the inmates, being particularly interested in the question of the ecclesiastical courts, were completely bewildered by it. Learning the author’s name, they were interested in his being a native of the town and the son of “that Fyodor Pavlovitch.” And just then it was that the author himself made his appearance among us.

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Why Ivan Fyodorovitch had come amongst us I remember asking myself at the time with a certain uneasiness. This fateful visit, which was the first step leading to so many consequences, I never fully explained to myself. It seemed strange on the face of it that a young man so learned, so proud, and apparently so cautious, should suddenly visit such an infamous house and a father who had ignored him all his life, hardly knew him, never thought of him, and would not under any circumstances have given him money, though he was always afraid that his sons Ivan and Alexey would also come to ask him for it. And here the young man was staying in the house of such a father, had been living with him for two months, and they were on the best possible terms. This last fact was a special cause of wonder to many others as well as to me. Pyotr Alexandrovitch Miüsov, of whom we have spoken already, the cousin of Fyodor Pavlovitch’s first wife, happened to be in the neighborhood again on a visit to his estate. He had come from Paris, which was his permanent home. I remember that he was more surprised than any one when he made the acquaintance of the young man, who interested him extremely, and with whom he sometimes argued and not without an inner pang compared himself in acquirements.

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“He is proud,” he used to say, “he will never be in want of pence; he has got money enough to go abroad now. What does he want here? Every one can see that he hasn’t come for money, for his father would never give him any. He has no taste for drink and dissipation, and yet his father can’t do without him. They get on so well together!”

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That was the truth; the young man had an unmistakable influence over his father, who positively appeared to be behaving more decently and even seemed at times ready to obey his son, though often extremely and even spitefully perverse.

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It was only later that we learned that Ivan had come partly at the request of, and in the interests of, his elder brother, Dmitri, whom he saw for the first time on this very visit, though he had before leaving Moscow been in correspondence with him about an important matter of more concern to Dmitri than himself. What that business was the reader will learn fully in due time. Yet even when I did know of this special circumstance I still felt Ivan Fyodorovitch to be an enigmatic figure, and thought his visit rather mysterious.

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I may add that Ivan appeared at the time in the light of a mediator between his father and his elder brother Dmitri, who was in open quarrel with his father and even planning to bring an action against him.

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The family, I repeat, was now united for the first time, and some of its members met for the first time in their lives. The younger brother, Alexey, had been a year already among us, having been the first of the three to arrive. It is of that brother Alexey I find it most difficult to speak in this introduction. Yet I must give some preliminary account of him, if only to explain one queer fact, which is that I have to introduce my hero to the reader wearing the cassock of a novice. Yes, he had been for the last year in our monastery, and seemed willing to be cloistered there for the rest of his life.

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