||1:It is interesting to view these works against the background of the recent political upheavals in the Middle East and to see the unexpected interaction between Arab artists and those from South America.||2:Both areas are on the periphery of European modernity and the biennial’s artists have found much common ground over urban decay, disenfranchisement and the arbitrariness of national borders.||3:Mr Pedrosa and Mr Hoffmann have played to their strengths, choosing more artists from South America than any other continent.||4:It is a testament to the Turkish philanthropists who underwrite the biennial, particularly the Koc and Eczacibasi families, that the curators came under no pressure to include more local artists.||5:Indeed, the stylish internationalism of the Istanbul Biennial feels entirely natural.

||1:在近期中东政治动荡的大背景下审视这些作品是件很有意思的事情，还能乎意料的看到来自阿拉伯和南美的艺术家之间的互动。||2:这两个地方都深受欧洲现代性影响，来参加双年展的艺术家们在城市堕落，民权丧失以及国界犯罪猖獗等方面找到了共同话题。||3:佩德罗萨和霍夫曼凭借一定便利请到了许多南美艺术家，要多于来自其他大洲的艺术家。||4:这次双年展也见证了赞助方土耳其的慈善精神，尤其是科克和伊扎斯巴斯两大家族，两位馆长以及许多当地的艺术家都来自这两大家族。||5:毋庸置疑的是，伊斯坦布尔双年展的国际风格毫不做作，给人感觉十分自然。

The “Other” Side of Richardson v. Ramirez: A Textual Challenge to Felon Disenfranchisement Abigail M. Hinchcliff

《理查德森诉拉米瑞兹案的“另一”面：重罪犯剥夺公民权的文本挑战》，阿比盖尔•M•辛齐克里夫

The disenfranchisement of women deprives them of the ability to raise their children in a progressive, dynamic fashion.

被剥夺了权利的女性无法在一个进步的，充满活力的环境中抚养自己的孩子。

but much worse was the wide-scale disenfranchisement of the Pushtuns, the country’s largest ethnic group, through fraud and poor security.

但更糟糕的是，因选举舞弊和治安欠佳，国内人口数最多的Pushtun族中，有相当一部分人丧失了投票权。

High joblessness and social disenfranchisement is new to most of the Wall Street protesters.

高失业率和剥夺公民社会选举权对大多数华尔街的抗议者来说是新鲜事。

But once a government uses disenfranchisement as a sanction, it is tempted to take things further.

一旦政府将剥夺选举权列为一种制裁，这会是一种采取进一步的惩治的考虑。