The connection of these structures became known in the late 19th century. Otolaryngologists use an otoscope to examine the eardrum and a laryngoscope (developed in 1855)to inspect the larynx.

19世纪后期，耳科才与喉科相联。耳喉科医生用耳镜检查耳鼓，用喉镜(1855年发明)检查喉。

The long tapering process of the malleus attached to the central portion of the eardrum .

锤骨柄与耳膜中央部分连接的锤骨的长而渐细的突起

When an acoustic wave enters the ear the eardrum vibrates causing the tiny bones of the inner ear to vibrate along with it and sending nerve pulses to the brain These pluses are perceived as sound by the listener

当声波进入人的耳朵时，耳膜振动，引起耳朵内部的一些小骨头振动，并向大脑发出神经脉冲，这些脉冲被听者作为声音听到了。

left Mr Chan with a perforated left eardrum

导致陈先生左耳耳膜破裂

An instrument for examining the interior of the ear,especially the eardrum ,consisting essentially of a magnifying lens and a light.

耳镜，检耳镜检查耳内部(尤其是中耳)的仪器，主要包括一个放大镜和光源

A small projection at the center of the outer surface of the eardrum .

鼓膜凸鼓膜外表面中心的一个小突起

Of or relating to the middle ear or eardrum .

鼓室的，鼓膜的中耳或耳膜的，和中耳或耳膜有关的

Birds are even more mysterious, because here we do not even see an outer ear. The same is true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least see an eardrum .

鸟类甚至更为神秘，因为我们甚至看不到它们有一个外耳。还有很大数量的动物如青蛙和鱼类也是如此，虽然我们至少可以看到青蛙有一个耳鼓。

Sound waves impinge on the eardrum .

声波撞击着耳膜

All vertebrates have two ears, often with an inner chamber housing auditory hair cells (papillae)and an outer eardrum that receives and transmits sound vibrations.

所有的脊椎动物都有双耳，通常在里面的腔有听觉毛细胞(乳突)，外面的鼓膜接收并传递声音振动。

My right eardrum has become infected.

我的右耳鼓已经感染了。

We are aware that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear, with an eardrum and a few little bones.Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ with which we “hear.”

我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称作中耳，它由一个耳鼓和一些小骨骼构成。而真正能使我们“听”的器官在更深处的内耳。

and the laryngopharynx, from the epiglottis to the esophagus. The oropharynx contains the palatine tonsils. The eustachian tubes connect the middle ears to the pharynx, allowing air pressure on the eardrum to be equalized. Disorders include pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and cancer.

咽喉，从会厌一直到食道。口咽含有上颚扁桃腺。咽鼓管将中耳连接到咽上，可调节作用在鼓膜上的气压。咽部疾病有咽炎、扁桃腺炎和癌症。

The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.

美国国立卫生研究院的专家表示，这个过程可能需要重复数次。使用温度接近体温的水，如果水过冷或过热，会使人感到眩晕。如果耳膜损伤切勿使用这种方法，否则可能会导致感染和其它问题。

The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.

美国国立卫生研究院的专家表示，这个过程需要重复数次。使用温度接近体温的水，如果水过冷或过热，会使人感到眩晕。如果耳膜损伤千万不要使用这种方法，否则可能会导致感染和其他问题。