1.A multiprotein cytoplasmic complex which activates one or more caspases, leading to the processing and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines—e.g., IL-1 beta, IL-18 and IL-33. Assembly of inflammasomes depends on the NOD-like receptor family members, such as the NALP proteins. The best studied of these pro-inflammatory protein complexes are NALP1 inflammasome and NALP3 inflammasome. Inflammasomes co-operate with Toll-like receptors to respond appropriately to pathogenic triggers and metabolic or genotoxic stresses, by processing interleukins and promoting the inflammatory response. Dysegulation or mutations in the genes’ encoding components of the inflammasome complex are associated with auto-immunity problems.