An Analysis of “Phenomena of Lev Vygotsky”: Thinking Based on Western Psychology Development

“维果茨基现象”分析:基于西方心理学发展的思考

Pure and complete sorrow is as impossible as pure and complete joy.--Lev Tolstory

纯粹的、完全的哀愁和纯粹的、完全的欢乐一们都是不可能的。--托尔斯泰

“Lev Tolstoy described it for millions of readers in masterpieces such as ”“War and Peace”“. ”

列夫·托尔斯泰曾在《战争与和平》等著作中为读者描述过它。

Such former Soviet directors as Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, alexander Dovzhenko, and Lev Kuleshov produced film masterpieces inspired by revolutionary fervor.

前苏联导演S．爱森斯坦，V．普多夫金，a．杜甫仁科，L．库里肖夫在革命热情的鼓舞下拍出了一批杰作。

It is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness.--Lev Tolstoy

人们将美误认为善的彻底程度，真令人吃惊。--托尔斯泰

All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family unhappy in its own way.-- Lev Tolstoy

所有幸福的家庭彼此都很相似，而每个不幸的家庭却各有自己的不幸。--托尔斯泰

Hope is bad for the happy man, and good for the unhappy.-- Lev Tolstoy

希望对幸福的人不利，对不幸的人有益。--托尔斯泰

Rules for the preparation of detail specifications for rectangular electrical connectors of assessed quality with moulded bodies for d.c. and low frequency applications-Full and basic assessment lev

直流和低频用经质量评定的模压体矩形电连接器详细规范的制定规则.全面和基本评定级

Detail specification for multi-contact circular electrical connectors for d.c. and low frequency applications-Bayonet coupling with front release, rear removable crimp contacts-Full assessment lev

直流和低压用多触头圆形电连接器详细规范、带有前面可脱扣后面可拆卸的交合触点的卡口接头.全面评定级

On Wednesday, Schiff released new records from Lev Parnas about Trump’s actions regarding Ukraine. Parnas was working with Trump’s personal lawyer, Rudy Giuliani. Parnas has claimed that Trump knew of his efforts to find information that could hurt his political opponent.

周三，希夫发布了列弗·帕纳斯就川普对乌克兰行动的新调查记录。帕纳斯正在与川普的私人律师鲁迪·朱利安尼合作。帕纳斯声称，川普清楚他努力查找的信息可能会伤害其政治对手。

||1:Lev Golinkin left Soviet Ukraine as a nine-year-old in1990.||2:With assistance from HIAS, a Jewish organisation that helps refugees, his family made its way to Indiana.||3:In America, not having English felt “like having a massive stroke, only instead of being sent to the hospital and getting help you have to go out and get a job.”||4:His experience suggests immigrants don’t have to be told how important it is to speak the language of a new country: they are more painfully aware of it than natives can ever know.

||1:1990年，9岁的列弗·戈林金离开了苏联统治下的乌克兰。||2:在帮助难民的犹太组织HIAS的帮助下，他的家人来到了印第安纳州。||3:在美国，不懂英语“就像患了严重的中风，只是你不得不出去找工作，而不必被送进医院接受治疗”。||4:他的经历表明，移民不必要被告知讲一个新国家的语言有多重要：移民比当地人更加痛苦地认识到这一点。

||1:But a new study, conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics at Nijmegen in the Netherlands, has found that it is not entirely foreigners and their sloppy ways that are to blame for languages becoming simpler.||2:Merely being bigger was enough.||3:The researchers, Limor Raviv, Antje Meyer and Shiri Lev-Ari, asked 12 groups of four strangers and 12 groups of eight to invent languages to describe a group of moving shapes on the screen.||4:They were told that the goal was to rack up points for communicating successfully over 16 rounds.||5:(They “talked” by keyboard and were forbidden to use their native language, Dutch.)

||1:但荷兰奈梅亨马普心理语言学研究所进行的一项新研究发现，语言变得越来越简单，并不完全是外国人和其马虎作风造成的。||2:仅仅变大就足够了。||3:研究人员Limor Raviv、Antje Meyer和Shiri Lev-Ari让12组每组4个陌生人和12组每组8个陌生人发明语言来描述屏幕上一组移动的图形。||4:他们被告知目标是通过16轮的成功沟通来获得分数。||5:(他们通过键盘“交谈”，被禁止使用母语荷兰语。)

Over the years, Mr Putin has played on traditional Russian deference to the leader while relying on manipulation of the media.|| The “charismatic aura” for Mr Putin, says Lev Gudkov of the Levada Centre polling group, has produced a system like “Byzantium, only on television.||” The real point of the story about Mr Putin’s back was not the supposed ailment but the breaking of a taboo over discussing his health—and his future.

1:在这几年里，普金一直依赖操控媒体来引导俄罗斯大众臣服于他的领导。||2:拉维达中心民意调查集团的勒夫古德科威说，普京头上的“魅力光环”催生出一种类似于“电视里的拜占庭”的系统。||3:其实普京事件真正的重点不是他到底得的什么病，而是打破了不能谈论他身体状况和未来的禁忌。

Public opinion expert Lev Gudkov says institutions did not evolve with Russia’s consumer economy.

舆论专家列弗·古德可夫（Lev Gudkov）说，制度未能与俄罗斯消费型经济一同发展。

Lev Yachin, arguably one of the best goalkeepers in the century, helped Soviet Union to win the very first European title in 1960.

LevYachin，被认为是上世纪最优秀的守门员，他帮助前苏联在1960年获得首个欧洲冠军。

Lev has also worked in the areas of application security and trusted computing.

Lev也从事于应用程序安全和可信的计算方面的研究。

LEV and the holding shareholder occupying the fund of listed company is positive significant correlation;

LEV与控股股东侵占上市公司资金显著正相关；

By convention, the header is given the ID lev , plus a number (for example, lev2), and the body is given the same ID with postfix _body.

按照惯例，为标题赋予IDlev加上一个数字（例如，lev2），正文使用相同的ID加后缀_body。

But having seen Lev today, I would love to adopt him. I don’t know how we do that but he has stolen my heart.

但今天见到赖夫后，我真的想收养他，我不知道怎麽才能办到，但他已经偷走了我的心，也偷走了大卫的心。

Remizov collaborated on the project with Moscow-based scientist Lev Britvin, who has developed energy-saving solutions for space stations.

雷米佐夫和莫斯科科学家列费·布列文合作设计了本项目，后者为空间站研发了节能措施。

The Media Influence of Lev Tolstoy on Wang Anyi’s Novel Composition

列夫·托尔斯泰对王安忆小说创作的触媒作用

Research on Six Degrees of Freedom Mag-lev Stage with Nanometer Positioning Accuracy

六维磁悬浮纳米级精密工件台的研究

List o. task lists (m. -lev)equip. data

任务清单列表（多级）-设备数据

Brunei Dollar Bulgarian Lev Burmese Kyat Canadian Dollar Chilean Peso Chinese Renminbi

文莱元保加利亚列弗缅甸元加拿大元智利比索人民币

After our rally of several thousand people, we attempted to meet up with another group led by well-known human rights leader Lev Ponomarev.

我们数千人集会之后，打算去迎接由著名的人权领袖利未·波诺马列（LevPonomarev）率领的另一支队伍。

The pioneering developmental psychologist Lev Vygotsky thought that, in the preschool years, play is the leading source of development.

早期发展心理学家LevVygotsky就认为，在我们上学之前，游戏是成长最重要的资源。

Design of tractive control system for mid-low speed mag-lev train

中低速磁悬浮列车牵引控制系统的设计

As Zoya makes the journey from Moscow, it is the narrator’s job to prepare the House of Meetings for Lev and his bride.

卓娅从莫斯科启程后，“我”开始为列弗与他的新娘布置“见面屋”。

mag-lev

Magnetic Levitation的缩写，磁悬浮列车

liqd lev

liquid level : 液位

Lev disease

列夫病

Bulgarian Lev

保加利亚列弗

Low Emissions Vehicle (缩写:lev)

低排放车