The marketing and concomitant lobbying power of the copyright industries, and their repeated victories at the expense of individual authors (most particularly in the work-made-for-hire context)

版权行业的市场权和相伴随的游说权，以及他们以牺牲个人作者利益连连获得的胜利(尤其在雇用协议基础上创作的作品上)

For Turkey, there’s only disappointment. Despite recent constitutional changes and a long lobbying campaign, the European Commission says that this huge country,to the south-east of Europe, should not yet be given a start date for accession negotiations

对土耳其而言只有失望，虽然他们最近修改了宪法并进行了长时间的游说。欧盟委员会说这个位于东南欧的大国还不应该给予他一个日期来进行加盟谈判。

The withdrawal of the United States from the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which would have been a historical achievement in limiting carbon dioxide emissions across the globe, resulted from such powerful lobbying .

就是在这种强权游说下,1997年美国政府退出了本该在全球限制二氧化碳排放量上取得历史性进展的《京都议定书》。

Ramadan has just finished his diplomatic lobbying visit to Syria and lebanon, by which he tried to win support from the two countries to fight against America’s threat

拉马丹刚刚结束对叙利亚和黎巴嫩的外交游说之行，以争取这两国支持伊拉克对抗美国的威胁。

Roscoe, this lobbying job of yours is as transparent as a fresh washed window

罗斯科，你这番游说活动的目的就象刚擦过的窗子，别人一眼可以看透。

A Study on the Lobbying Strategies by Six Higher Educational Associations in America

美国六大高教协会在第104届国会游说策略述评

It benefits powerful lobbying interests without serving those the Constitution explicitly designates as beneficiaries of the copyright monopoly, authors.

它只有利于那些强大的游说集团利益，而宪法上明确提到的著作权受益者-作者则没有得到任何益处。

LoBBying for stronger environmental safeguards

为加强环境保护而游说

Lobbying for stronger environmental safeguards;lobbied against the proliferation of nuclear arms.

为加强环境保护而游说;反对核武器扩散而游说

Our hospital should be modernised,not closed.Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of the party.Lots of lobbying .Lots of letters to the press.

我们的医院应该现代化，不应该关门。现在是所有善良的人们都来援助党的时候了。要进行大量的游说活动。要向报界写大量的信。

Since miners have no lobbying power in China, these facts tend to be ignored, or at least taken less seriously than they should be.

由于这些矿工对于中国的行政立法没有什么影响力,这些数据经常为人们所忽视,至少没有被提到应有的重要地位。

They maintained an unbelievably high batting average in lobbying the MPs.

在游说议员这方面，他们的成功率极高，令人难以置信。

The first occasion for House Republicans to act in this area is the gift-ban and lobbying-disclosure legislation passed by the Senate in July last year by 98 votes to nil

在这方面国会中的共和党人采取行动的第一次机会是去年7月以98票对零票在参议院通过了关于取缔捐赠和揭露议员进行疏通活动的法案。

Here labor is diametrically opposed to business corporations, and both sides have tried to influence Congress and public opinion through active lobbying and propaganda efforts

在这些方面，劳工是针锋相对地反对各企业公司的，而且双方都在力图通过积极的院外活动和宣传运动影响国会及舆论界。

Because, says Jeremy Rifkin, co-director of a public-interest lobbying group and co-author of the book Who Should Play God?, the potential for human cloning, no matter how far in the future, challenges our entire value system

争取公益院外活动集团主席之一、《谁来扮演上帝》一书的作者之一杰里米·里弗金说:“因为人类无性生殖的可能性，无论离今天多么遥远，都将构成对我们整个价值观念的挑战。

Political Contribution Caps and Lobbying for Tariff

政治献金限额与关税游说

||1: FOR the chief executives of Deutsche Boerse (DB) and NYSE Euronext, this week’s hobnobbing in Davos was strictly business. ||2: A $9.5 billion plan to unite the two exchanges was derailed in early December when European Commission staff revealed they were likely to advise blocking it on competition grounds. ||3: The exchanges are lobbying hard to persuade the 27 EU commissioners to ignore their staff and approve the deal. A decision is due to be made on February 1st.

||1:对于德意志证券交易所和纽约泛欧证券交易所的CEO而言，本周在达沃斯经济论坛上的碰面谈的可都是正经事儿。||2:去年12月初，欧盟委员会官员透露，欧盟极可能以反垄断为由，否决一起德交所和纽交所规模达95亿美元的合并交易。||3:两家交易所目前都在极力游说欧盟27名执委会委员忽视反垄断官员的建议，批准这一交易。裁决将于2月1日作出。

||1: Furthermore, the politics of removing regulations is harrowing. ||2: Each removal must go through the same cumbersome process it took to put the regulation in place: comment periods, internal reviews and constant behind-the-scenes lobbying . ||3: Ironically, regulated industries may actually not want regulations removed. They have sunk costs into compliance, and do not want those costs taken away to the benefit of upstart competitors.

||1:而且，降低监管力度的政策同样难以实施。||2:法规的精简需要和增加法规走同样复杂冗长的流程：评估阶段，内部评审，不停的幕后游说。||3:讽刺的是，饱受法规监管折磨的工业企业实际上反而可能希望保留这些法规监管，因为他们不希望他们由于遵守法规所带来的沉没成本因为法规的消失而变成新兴竞争对手的利益。

||1:That bipartisanship has since evaporated.||2:Republicans in Congress now argue that many of the EPA’s standards are too onerous for businesses and have introduced legislation to rescind some of them.||3:Newt Gingrich, one of the Republican candidates for president, thinks the EPA is so anti-business as to be beyond repair.||4:He wants to abolish the entire agency and start again.||5:Business lobbying groups are only slightly less vehement in their criticism.

||1:而现在曾经的两党合作的景象已经消失了，共和党议员认为许多环保署的标准对于企业太繁重了并提出立法废除一些标准。||2:共和党总统候选人牛金贵（纽特?金里奇）认为环保署的存在是“反商业”的，已经不是修补政策能够解决的了。||3:他要废除整个部门然后重新开始。||4:商业游说团体的批评稍微轻微一点。||5:比如美国商会，一直在谴责环保署的法规是“就业杀手”。

||1: Although the NRA is ostensibly an organisation seeking to protect the civil rights of its 4m members, critics such as the Violence Policy Centre (VPC), a gun-control group, contend that the level of funding from firearms manufacturers makes it, in effect, just a trade association for the gun industry. ||2: Some of the NRA’s fund-raising comes directly from gun sales. ||3: For example, Sturm, Ruger & Co., firearms manufacturers, donated $1 for each gun they sold last year and thereby collected $1.2m for the NRA’s lobbying arm.

||1:尽管全国步枪协会表面上致力于保护4百万会员的持枪权利，而来自如枪支管制团体“暴力政策中心”的批评者认为其从军火生产商那里获得的资金数量已经让其实际上变成了一个枪支产业的贸易协会。||2:其募集的部分资金直接来自于枪支的销售额中。||3:例如枪支生产商斯图姆去年销售的每支枪中都有1美元捐给了全国步枪协会，共计120万美元。

||1:Quite the opposite.Behind the march of pro-gun laws across America (such as “stand your ground” ordinances that allow for the use of force in self-defence, without any obligation to attempt to retreat first, now in effect in more than half the states) is the NRA and its lobbying arm, the mildly-named Institute for Legislative Action.||2:The NRA’s influence on introducing legislation has been remarkable.||3:The debate about guns is no longer over whether assault rifles ought to be banned, but over whether guns should be allowed in bars, churches and colleges.

||1:恰恰相反，全美赞成持枪法案（如“坚守阵地”法案允许使用枪支自卫，在防卫撤退中不负任何责任，这一法令在超过半数的州中生效）的游行队伍中是支持全美赞成持枪法案的是“全国步枪协会”及其游说分支—名字看上去很温和的“立法行动学院”。||2:全国步枪协会在立法运动中的影响极其显著。||3:人们对于枪支的争论点不再是是否应该禁止使用冲锋枪，而是在酒吧、教堂和大学里是否应该禁止携带枪支。

(c) The prohibition against lobbying with appropriated funds (18 U. S. C. 1913).

（c）针对游说拨款资金的禁令（《美国法典》第18编第1913节）。

"The lobbying community is not done . . . We will be fighting any attempt to weaken the bill, " he said.

“说客们不会就此干休…对于任何希望削弱该议案的企图，我们都会反抗。”他说。

On becoming independent in 2004, the college immediately began lobbying for university status.

2004年成为独立院校后，校方随即展开了争取综合大学级别的游说疏通。

On May 24th the global banking industry’s biggest lobbying group made a similar pledge.

5月24日，世界银行业最大的游说团体做出了相似的承诺。

Mr Barbour’s lobbying career is similarly double-edged.

巴伯先生的政治游说经历同样是把双刃剑。

Seal-murdering foreigners are a soft target and animal-welfare groups have been lobbying MEPs for years.

捕猎海豹的外国人是个软标靶，动物福利组织游说议员也已有多年。

The president is doing long-distance lobbying on this Africa trip by urging American taxpayers to encourage Congress to double AIDS funding.

布什总统在他这次非洲之行中进行远程游说，敦促美国纳税人鼓励国会将艾滋病防治资金增加一倍。

The music industry has been lobbying for similar laws to be introduced around the world.

唱片业一直在游说全世界都制定类似的法律。

After sustained lobbying and a public-relations effort that would be impressive today, an issue of bank notes followed in 1661.

持续不断的游说和公共关系方面做的努力，即便在今日也使人印象深刻，终于在1661年，银行钞票发行了。