||1: The first is that bedrock of the French meritocratic establishment, the Ecole Nationale d’Administration. ||2: It churns out presidents and prime ministers along with company bosses and senior public administrators, and they are only a telephone call away from each other. ||3: Mrs Gaymard married a fellow enarque, who was briefly economy minister under Jacques Chirac until a housing scandal felled him. ||4: Mrs Gaymard’s career has included a prestigious job at the Cour des Comptes, the national auditor’s office, followed by a series of senior administrative posts.

||1:第一个是法国精英建立的基石—国家行政学院。||2:该校培养出了总统、总理还有公司老总以及高级公共行政人员。他们之间经常能互相联系。||3:盖马尔女士曾经嫁给一位国家行政学院的成员，他曾经短暂担任雅克·希拉克时期的财政部长直到因为房地产丑闻下台。||4:盖马尔女士曾在法国审计署、国家审计办公室担任要职，有一系列高级行政职位。

||1:The EU may not get it.||2:Manfred Weber, the EPP’s candidate for the commission, has no executive experience and, judging by his association with Hungary’s authoritarian government, poor judgment.||3:If he falls short, leaders may offer the ECB presidency to another German, Jens Weidmann, a banker with über-hawkish views, to ensure that a German gets at least one of the top jobs.||4:But that should not be a given.||5:In a more meritocratic EU the commission presidency might go to Margrethe Vestager, the dynamic (Danish) competition commissioner.||6:Antonio Costa of Portugal, Leo Varadkar of Ireland or even Mrs Merkel, all skilled compromise brokers, might lead the council.||7:At the ECB, a moderate like Finland’s Olli Rehn would be better than Mr Weidmann.

||1:欧盟可能不会明白这一点。||2:欧洲人民党委员会候选人曼弗雷德?韦伯没有行政经验，从他与匈牙利威权政府的关系判断，他的判断力很差。||3:如果达不到要求，领导人可能会把欧洲央行行长职位交给另一位德国人延斯?魏德曼担任，以确保德国人至少能获得一份最高职位。魏德曼是一位银行家，持有极端鹰派的观点。||4:但这不应该是理所当然的。||5:在一个更加精英化的欧盟，欧盟委员会主席一职可能会交给充满活力的(丹麦)竞争事务专员玛格丽特?维斯特格。||6:葡萄牙的安东尼奥·科斯塔、爱尔兰的里奥·瓦拉德卡尔、甚至默克尔夫人，都是老练的妥协经纪人，可能会领导委员会。||7:在欧洲央行，像芬兰的奥利?雷恩这样的温和派会比魏德曼做得更好。

||1:To get a sense of diversity in tech, take a stroll on University Avenue in Palo Alto, a city at the heart of Silicon Valley.||2:Before the pandemic, if you encountered a black person, the chances were they worked in a local shop.||3:African-Americans account for 3% of workers at America’s five biggest technology firms and probably less at smaller ones.||4:About one in 50 partners at venture-capital (vc) firms is black.||5:The figure among vc-financed entrepreneurs is one in 100.||6:Such dismal numbers, and Silicon Valley’s meritocratic pretensions, help explain why tech’s response to the killing of George Floyd has been louder even than other industries’.||7:Will outrage lead to lasting change?

||1:想要感受科技的多样性。你可以在硅谷的中心城市帕洛阿尔托的大学路上漫步。||2:在疫情之前，如果你遇到了一个黑人，他很可能是在当地的一家商店工作。||3:在美国五大科技公司中，非裔美国人占员工总数的3%，而在较小的公司中，这一比例可能更低。||4:而在风险投资公司，大约每50个合伙人中就有一个是黑人。||5:而在创业投资金融的企业家中，数据为百分之一。||6:如此惨淡的数据以及硅谷精英阶层的自命不凡，这有助于解释为什么科技公司对于乔治·弗洛伊德被杀事件的反应比其他行业更加激烈。||7:愤怒会引发持久的变化吗？

||1: Certain affinities appear in the data. ||2: Poets are often related to each other whereas novelists tend to be linked by marriage. ||3: S. Eliot, a 20th-century American-born poet, is a distant cousin of the British bards Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley (a link presumably unknown to Eliot). ||4: In contrast links between Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, perhaps the two most famous 19th-century novelists, are through several generations of marriages. ||5: As characters in novels are more meritocratic , so too are novelists.

||1:在数据中，一些亲缘关系出现了。||2:诗人往往是相互关联的，而小说家一般是通过婚姻来挂钩。||3:20世纪出生在美国的诗人艾略特是英国吟游诗人阿尔佛雷德、坦尼森、拜伦、波比·雪莱等的远亲表弟，（这层关系艾略特应该不知道）。||4:与之形成对比的是，可称之为19世纪最著名的两位小说家简奥斯汀和狄更斯之间的关系是通过好几代婚姻来建立的。||5:因为小说中的人物更加精英化，所以他们自己也是小说家。

As schools, universities and the bureaucracy have become less meritocratic , Chinese and Indians have abandoned them, studying in private institutions and working in the private sector instead.

现在很多华裔和印籍人已经离开了不再精英化管理的学校，大学和官僚机构，转而选择在私人机构学习，在个体行业工作。

Thanks to a meritocratic culture, and the discipline of having some of its stock traded, Petrobras is a leader in deep-sea oil.

Petrobras不同于Pemex，多亏它英才管理的企业文化和部分股票交易的原则，Petrobras在深海石油行业中处于领导者的地位。

On the face of it, networks are less important in more meritocratic America.

从表面上来说，社交网络对于奉行精英制度的美国来说要次要一些。

Progress along the meritocratic path has become measurable from a very early age.

从很早很早以前，精英成才之路便已经成为可以量化的东西。

But even among the meritocratic elite, the economy’s evolution has produced a startling divergence.

但即使是在精英人士当中，经济发展也导致惊人的差异。

It’s true that a meritocratic India is a more hopeful India.

的确，精英化的印度是更有希望的印度。

For Mr Czerniak, this matters because it should offer creative types a bigger and more meritocratic platform for getting noticed.

对于Czerniak先生来说，（导致上述结果的）重要原因是它提供了一个更大规模的创新型贤人治理模式来吸引眼球。

Fonda has identified a problem that strikes at the heart of the American meritocratic educational ideal.

方达发现的这个问题直逼美国英才教育理念的要害。

The risk tolerance and meritocratic ethos of Silicon Valley financiers provided extraordinary opportunities, especially for foreigners.

硅谷金融家们的风险容忍度和精英管理精神提供了一些非凡的机会，特别是为那些外国人。

Well, what does Rawls think about the meritocratic system?

那么罗尔斯如何看待精英系统呢？

The members of today’s meritocratic elite are more anxious and insecure.

如今的这些精英们相比之下要忧虑得多而且地位也更不安全。

He recruited young Peruvian MBAs who were working abroad, promising them a meritocratic culture ( “This group has no surname, ” he says).

他招募了在国外任职的秘鲁MBA，并且许诺他们公司拥有英才管理的其他文化（“这个集团没有以姓氏命名”，他说）。

I guess. I suppose that a meritocratic elitism is a little better than a purely inherited or wealth-based elitism.

我猜想，自致的精英们比那些单纯依靠继承或者财产而来的精英们要好得多。

MBAs undoubtedly promote meritocratic advance and, in the process, change the social composition of business.

毋庸置疑，MBA们会大力促进精英文化，在这个过程中，他们也改变了商业的社会构成。

At the heart of his ETP is a pledge to introduce a more meritocratic society.

在他ETP的核心承诺引入精英制度的社会。

When working properly, the mandarinate is meritocratic and imbued with a deep sense of responsibility for the whole country.

正常情况下，官僚由精英阶层组成，并被灌输以对整个国家的深刻责任感。