Ian Roberts & Anna Roussou: Syntactic Change: A Minimalist Approach to Grammaticalization

《句法变化:语法化的最简研究模式》介绍

||1: It takes courage to adapt an epistolary novel for the screen, particularly one as psychologically complex as this one. ||2: Yet Lynne Ramsay’s film of the same name, starring Tilda Swinton as Eva, is excellent. ||3: The gift of this version is its visual rendering of Eva’s claustrophobic thoughts. ||4: With a minimalist screenplay written with Rory Kinnear, Ms Ramsay translates Eva’s clot of dark and messy words into a collage of evocative and mostly wordless scenes. ||5: These vignettes shift from the present—Eva living as a social pariah, a husk of her former self—to the past, and are jumbled with the non-chronology of memory. ||6: As in the book, Kevin’s big, violent moment is left until the end, but the bloody fact of it infects everything that comes before.

||1:将一部书信体小说搬上银幕需要很大的勇气，尤其当涉及复杂的心理学，例如本片。||2:然而琳恩·拉姆塞的这部同名电影却很优秀。蒂尔达·斯文顿在片中饰演伊娃。||3:该片的精髓表现在对伊娃的幽闭恐惧症想法那栩栩如生的描绘上。||4:剧本由罗里·金奈尔创作，风格极简。拉姆塞将伊娃那一团团模糊凌乱的文字转化成了一系列场景的拼贴，这些大都无言的场景能够唤起人们的回忆。||5:如今的伊娃生活在社会底层，只剩下一副当初的自己的躯壳。这些小片段从当前切换到曾经，不同年月的记忆互相交织，错综复杂。||6:同书里一样，凯文重要的施暴时刻被留在了末尾，但它那血腥的事实感染了之前的一切。

||1:Yet she did not see herself as disruptive, let alone an activist.||2:If she became more of a dissenter with the years, it was because the court, after 2006, swung over to the activist right.||3:At heart she was still what she had always been, a judicial minimalist .||4:She was stunned by the lack of caution in the Roe v Waderuling of 1973 that legalised abortion; though she certainly approved of the outcome, reform should have come through state legislatures, where it was slowly starting to appear.||5:She was shocked too when the court, while upholding Obamacare, found it illegal under the commerce clause of the constitution; that had been Congress’s domain since the 1930s.

||1:然而，鲁斯并不认为自己是破坏性的，更不用说是一名激进分子。||2:如果随着时间的推移，她变得更加持不同意见，那是因为2006年之后，最高法院转向了激进的右派。||3:在内心深处，鲁斯仍然是她一直以来的样子，一个极简主义者。||4:1973年罗伊诉瓦德鲁林案使堕胎合法化，鲁斯对该案缺乏谨慎感到震惊；尽管她肯定赞同这一结果，但改革应该通过州立法机构进行，在那里，改革已经开始慢慢显现。||5:还使他感到震惊的一件事是，法院支持奥巴马医改，根据宪法的商业条款，这是非法的；自上世纪30年代以来，这一直是国会的地盘。

||1:If the China-containment logic leads to a minimalist agreement, then the economic gains from TPP will be slim.||2:TPP’s real value is to set high new standards for world trade, and that demands the boldest possible agreement.||3:And in the long run the world gains most if China joins.||4:The rhetoric makes trade negotiations sound like a contest.||5:In fact, it is a battle where the more you give away the more you win.

||1:如果说牵制中国这一逻辑造就了极简主义的协议，那么从TPP获取的经济收益将会减少。||2:TPP的真正价值是为世界贸易设置更高的新标准,并要求尽可能大胆的提出协议。||3:从长远来看，如若能让中国加入TPP协议，世界获益也最大。||4:现在的措辞使贸易谈判听起来像一场竞争。||5:事实上,这是一场你放弃越多，赢得的也就越多的战斗。

||1:The first room at the Tate Modern show has been covered with ruled writing paper, a reminder of the importance that the line and the grid play in Ms Gallagher’s work and of the inspiration of minimalist artists such as Agnes Martin and Sol LeWitt.||2:This humble papering provides a formal background for her work and helps steer it away from pomposity.||3:But there is much more to Ms Gallagher’s work than linear scaffolding—much to be read into it and much to be resisted, especially easy clichés about race or gender.

||1:泰特现代展览的第一间陈览室里挂满方格纸作品，可见Gallagher颇为青睐横格线条，并从Agnes Martin 、Sol LeWitt等极简抽象派艺术家那获得颇多的灵感。||2:这种极简贴纸展现出匀称的布局，避免浮夸。||3:但Gallagher的作品并不仅仅是组建线条，还有更多发人深省的隐藏讯息，类似于种族性别这种常谈之事。

||Born in Cuba and educated in Puerto Rico, González-Torres made minimalist conceptual works that were aesthetically innovative and politically sophisticated.|| Like its muse, the Istanbul Biennial is thoughtful rather than aggressive or sensationalist. “Activists spoon-feed messages but artists create works with layered meanings,” explains Mr Pedrosa.

||冈萨雷斯托雷斯出生于古巴，求学于波多黎各，他创造的抽象主义作品兼具美学的创新性和政治的复杂性。||就像它的缪斯一样，伊斯坦布尔双年展的风格是沉思的，而不是咄咄逼人或是多愁善感的。“政治活动家向人们强制性的灌输信息，然而艺术家创造意义层次分明的作品”，佩德罗萨如是解释道。

Becoming Minimalist I am not a minimalist but I enjoy simplicity in life.

BecomingMinimalist（成为极简主义者）：我不是一个极简主义者，但我欣赏生活中的简单。

One of the best features of the iPad is its clean lines and minimalist design.

IPAD最好的特性之一是其简洁的线条和简约的设计。

Epictetus was somewhat of a lonesome minimalist .

爱比克泰德是一名寂寞的极抽象派艺术家。

Minimalist text editors like Ommwriter or WriteRoom, for example, are popular because they only focus on one thing and do it extremely well.

比如极简文本编辑器Ommwriter以及WriteRoom就非常受欢迎，因为他们只做一件事，而且做到极致。

After all, if this typical family of four in the suburbs can become minimalist , so can you!

毕竟，如果这个郊区四口之家都可以，你也可以！

There isn’t an ’Official Minimalist Diet’ rulebook that states you should not eat meat, or that you must eat less than you do now and so on.

不存在官方的极简节食的律书——一些要求不能吃肉或比现在少吃等之类的规定。

Be honest about why you’re embracing a minimalist lifestyle.

诚实地告诉他们为什么你信奉一种极简主义的生活方式。

But if you’re striving for a minimalist lifestyle, the prospect is certainly worth considering.

但是，如果你在努力寻求一种极简的生活方式，这是绝对值得考虑的。

However, you don’t have to be Buddhist if you want to live a minimalist lifestyle.

但是，如果想拥有一个极简的生活方式，你不必是佛教徒。

But even websites with a modern and minimalist design can have evocative attributes.

但是即便是一个拥有现代和抽象设计的网站也可以拥有召唤属性。

After changing into the uniform, I headed into the dim sleep chamber; everything was a minimalist Muji-meets- “2001: A Space Odyssey” white.

等换上睡衣后我朝灯光暗淡的睡舱走去，每一件东西都是极简的无印良品式和“2001太空漫游”白色的结合。

’Minimalist ’ doesn’t mean none or less, it means just enough.

低碳主义并不意味着没有或少，它意味着刚刚好。

And being a minimalist , to me, involves not wasting time, but using every precious second to its greatest advantage.

对我来说的最低要求，就是不能浪费时间，而是要最大化地利用珍贵的每一秒。

Moral of the story #1: If you’re living a life of crime, don’t bother to rob a minimalist .

故事的启发#1：如果你以盗窃为生，那么避开极简主义奉行者的家。

Designed by Netherlands-based designer Janina Loeve this wooden furniture set “Tettonica” consists of minimalist stool and table.

荷兰设计师佳妮娜·洛伊维设计的这套木制家具“特通尼加”由极简抽象派的桌子和椅子组成。

Post-minimalist (if I ever get there), I will basically follow what Charlie has already said

后极简主义者计划（如果我曾经是），我基本会按照查理说的去做

In retrospect, the choice of such a frenzied subject for such a minimalist style seems an unfortunate fit.

回顾以往，为这样一个极简主义风格而挑选了疯狂的主题，这似乎极为不搭，难免有些遗憾。

Even if you’re not a fan of minimalist design, the world of minimalist *living* is wide open to you .

即便你不是极简主义设计的粉丝，简单生活的大门依然向你敞开。

Even the most minimalist living room today includes two pieces that these craftsmen invented: the sofa and the occasional table.

即使在当下最极简主义的客厅里都会包含两样工匠们发明的东西：沙发和休闲桌。

Minimalist design has been described as design at its most basic, stripped of superfluous elements, colors, shapes and textures.

极简设计被描述成将最基本的元素呈现，并摒弃所有多余结构，色彩，图形和其他素材的设计方法。

A minimalist design layout is especially challenging because every element with which you are working, is essential.

极简设计的布局是相当的具有挑战性，因为你所用的每个元素都很重要。

Minimalist designs require a strong grid system to be effective.

极简设计需要一个强大的行之有效的网格系统。

One of the most essential ’skills’ a minimalist can have is the ability to let go.

极简主义者一种必备的“技巧”是要有“让它去吧”的能力。

The minimalist path is one that focuses on the necessary and desired aspects of life.

极简主义致力于聚焦生活的必须和极度渴望。