(2). Stalin and his cursed cause
斯大林和他可憎的事业
(3). High five for communism
为共产主义击掌
(4). Stalin's Curse: Battling for Communism in War and Cold War. By Robert Gellately.
《斯大林的诅咒》:热冷战期间为共产主义而战斗。罗伯特盖拉特莱著。
(5). 1: FIRST and foremost, Stalin was a communist, who believed that the sacred cause justified the most extreme measures: what non-believers would call unparalleled barbarity.
2: This central message in Robert Gellately's masterly new book is an uncomfortable one for those who believe that Stalinism was an aberration, or a reaction to mistakes made by the West.
3: It is facile to say Stalin was simply a psychopath, that he believed in terror for terror's sake, or that the Red Tsar's personality cult replaced ideology.
4: A Leninist to his core, he was conspiratorial, lethal, cynical and utterly convinced of his own rightness.
1:首先,斯大林是一个共产主义者。他相信只要是为了神圣的事业,采取最极端措施也是可以的。而不相信的人称之为空前的暴行。
2:盖拉特莱最新的作品堪称大师之作。文中表达的中心思想会让一些人感到不安。那些人认为斯大林主义不合常规,或者是对西方所犯的错误作出的回应。
3:人们可以轻率地说,斯大林就是一个精神病,他为引起恐慌而信仰恐怖活动。或者说他用对“红色沙皇”的个人狂热崇拜取代意识形态。
4:斯大林是彻头彻尾的列宁主义者,他爱耍阴谋,心狠手辣,生性多疑,却坚信自己事业的正义性。
(6). 1:Where Stalin excelled, again and again, was in ruthlessness and attention to detail.
2:He paid minute attention to extending Soviet rule in places conquered at the war's end.
3:He took great interest in details of science and cultural policy, fearing even the faintest breach in communist omniscience.
4:The results might be disastrous: but they were in accordance with communist theory, which was what mattered.
1:斯大林次次出众的是残暴以及对细节的关注。
2:在这场战争尾声,他对苏联统治在被攻克地区的扩张给予了密切关注。
3:他对科学和文化政策的细枝末节十分感兴趣,甚至担心自己的模糊会对社会主义者无所不知的形象造成破坏。
4:其结果可能是灾难性的,但再这些政策都与社会主义理论相符合 ,这是最关键的。
(7). 1: Mr Gellately, a professor in Florida, has a deft touch with detail.
2: For all the havoc he wreaked on the countryside, Stalin knew next to nothing about it (he seems to have visited farms only once, in 1928).
3: During their furious conquest of Germany, the Red Army soldiers avenged their homeland's suffering in an orgy of destruction.
4: An eyewitness describes their taking “axes to armchairs, sofas, tables and stools, even baby carriages”.
5: Individual stories are recounted with understated sympathy.
6: But the scope of the suffering is inconceivable.
7: An all but forgotten post-war famine in the Soviet Union killed 1m-2m people.
8: Communism probably killed around 25m: roughly the same toll of death and destruction as that wrought by the Nazis.
1:盖拉特莱,是一名佛罗里达的教授,善于挖掘细节。
2:尽管斯大林在农村造成了破坏,本人却几乎毫不知情(貌似他只在1928年参观了农场一次)。
3:在猛攻德国期间,红军通过一系列肆意摧毁来为祖国曾遭受的苦难复仇。
4:一个目击者形容他们“用斧头劈扶手椅,沙发,桌子,凳子甚至婴儿车”。
5:个体的故事只是带着轻描淡写的同情色彩叙述着。
6:但苦难的波及之广是难以想象的。
7:一场快被遗忘的苏联战后饥荒饿死了10到20万人。
8:共产主义可能导致了25万人死亡:和纳粹造成的死亡、损失数字大致持平。
(8). 1:Aside from the chief villain, Western leaders too come in for quiet but deserved scorn.
2:Both Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman failed to grasp their counterpart's malevolence.
3:Winston Churchill made casual deals that consigned millions of people to slavery and torment.
4:The foreigners thought Stalin was a curmudgeonly ally to be coaxed and cajoled.
5:He treated them as enemies to be outwitted.
6:Far from provoking Stalin into unnecessary hostility, the Western powers were not nearly tough enough.
1:除首要的反面人物外,西方领导人也受到虽克制的但应得的蔑视。
2:富兰克林罗斯福和哈里S杜鲁门都没能洞悉与他们的对手斯大林的恶毒。
3:邱吉尔随意就达成了协议:导致数以百万计的人遭受奴役和折磨。
4:这个外国人认为斯大林是个易被哄骗和劝诱的,脾气暴躁的同盟者。
5:他对他们就像瞒骗敌人。
6:西方列强不愿挑起斯大林的不必要敌意,更谈不上对他采取强硬态度。
(9). 1:Some of the strongest passages of the book concern Stalin's final years: the sharpening contrast between his obsessive paranoia and his analytical powers; the looming anti-Semitism, and the beginnings of a massive new arms build-up.
2:Little of that came to fruition, sparing the world untold new horrors.
3:But what Stalin did achieve was quite bad enough.
1:书中涉及斯大林最后日子的段落是高潮:他的强迫性偏执和超强的分析能力形成鲜明对比;骨子里的反亲犹太人主义,一种大规模新式军备逐步增强的开端。
2:这些只有少部分实现了,使世界免于数不清的新恐慌。
3:但已实现了的那些,却是够坏的了。