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经济学人双语版

经济学人:自由交流:"城市拥堵"造成巨大经济损失

属类：时事政治-

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(1). Regrettably, clumping leads to crowding: the more people an area houses, the greater the competition for its scarce resources,

遗憾的是，聚集带来了拥堵：一个区域住了越多的人，稀缺资源的竞争越激烈，

(2). from seats at a hot new restaurant to space on public roadways.

从一家很火的新餐厅的座位到公路上的空间。

(3). Each new arrival enhances a city’s magic but also adds to congestion.

每一位新成员提高了城市的魔力，但是也增加了拥堵。

(4). Cities grow until costs outstrip benefits.

城市一直会增长，直到成本超过了收益。

(5). New transport technologies are not useless.

新的运输科技不是无用的。

(6). Mass-transit railways and highways allowed big cities to get bigger.

铁路和高速路公共交通让大城市成为更大的城市。

(7). But their congestion-easing benefits inevitably proved temporary.

但是，它们缓解交通拥挤的好处证明是必然短暂的。

(8). When the New York subway extended into northern Manhattan, it became practical to live far from the dirty, expensive, crowded downtown area,

当纽约的地铁延伸到曼哈顿北部时，住在远离肮脏、昂贵而又拥挤的市中心的地方，

(9). while still enjoying access to the city’s social and economic benefits.

同时仍旧可以享受拥有城市社会经济福利，这样的生活就变的实际。

(10). So the city’s population rose—a lot—leaving New Yorkers once more cheek by jowl.

因此，城市的人口增加了很多——使得纽约客更加密密匝匝地拥挤。

(11). A post-war highway-building boom in America yielded explosive growth in city suburbs.

美国战后大量高速路的修建带来了城市郊区的爆发式增长。

(12). Cities once again found their equilibrium, however, as the suburban land rush led to road congestion, raising the cost of living far from employment centres.

城市再一次找到了均衡，然而，由于郊区土地热潮导致了道路拥堵，提高了住在远离就业中心的成本。

(13). In a paper published in 2011, Gilles Duranton, of the University of Pennsylvania, and Matthew Turner, of Brown University, identified a “fundamental law of road congestion”:

在2011年发表的一篇论文中，宾夕法尼亚大学的GD和布朗大学的MT，提出了“城市拥堵的基本法则”：

(14). namely, that building more highways does not alleviate congestion.

也就是，建更多的高速路并不会减轻拥堵。

(15). Rather, it attracts more residents, leads to more driving by existing residents and boosts transport-intensive economic activity, until roads are once again crammed.

而是会吸引更多的居民，导致更多现有居民开车出行，并且使得运输密集的经济活动增加，直到道路再次拥挤。

(16). Driverless cars should cut traffic, other things being equal.

在其他条件相同的情况下，无人驾驶汽车可以减少交通拥挤。

(17). Lower accident rates will mean fewer crash-related hold-ups, while AIs that can pilot cars more closely together will boost road capacity.

更低的事故率将意味着更少的因撞车带来的耽搁，同时，人工智能可以使驾驶汽车的间距更近，将提高道路运输量。

(18). Free exchange: Jam tomorrow

自由交流：堵在明天

(19). Driverless cars will not save cities from either traffic or infrastructure expense.

无人车不会将城市从滚滚的车流和基础设施耗费钱财中拯救出来。

(20). The most distractingly unrealistic feature of most science fiction—by some margin—is how the great soaring cities of the future never seem to struggle with traffic.

大多数科幻小说的最令人想入非非的不现实的情节——大约要算是——未来的大城市似乎从来不怎么与滚滚车流作斗争。

(21). Whatever dystopias lie ahead, futurists seem confident we can sort out congestion.

不管摆在前方的乌托邦到底如何，未来主义者似乎对我们能够消除拥堵充满信心。

(22). If hope that technology will fix traffic springs eternal, history suggests something different.

如果说技术将调度滚滚车流的希望生生不息的话，历史告诉人们的则是不一样的故事。

(23). Transport innovation, from railways to cars, reshaped cities and drove economic advance.

从铁路到汽车的交通运输创新重塑了城市，推动了经济的发展。

(24). But it also brought crowded commutes.

但是也带来了通勤拥堵。

(25). Now, as tech firms and carmakers aim to roll out fleets of driverless cars, it is worth asking: might this time be different?

现在，当科技公司和汽车制造商旨在推出大量的无人驾驶汽车的时候，我们有必要问：这一次会不同吗？

(26). Alas, artificial intelligence (AI) is unlikely to succeed where steel rails and internal-combustion engines failed.

唉，在铁轨和内燃机发动机都失败的地方，人工智能是不大可能获得成功的。

(27). More’s the pity.

真是太可惜了。

(28). In America alone, traffic congestion brings economic losses estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars each year.

单是在美国，交通拥堵带来的经济损失每年估计在上千亿美元。

(29). Such costs will rise unless existing transport systems receive badly needed investment.

除非现有的运输系统收到了迫切需要的投资，这样的代价将会提高。

(30). For example, fixing New York’s beleaguered, over crowded subway will take at least $100bn, according to one recent estimate.

例如，根据一项最近的估计，维修纽约存在诸多问题并且过度拥挤的地铁，将会花费至少1000亿美元。

(31). A driverless deus ex machinamight seem to spare governments some difficult decisions.

一个无人驾驶的解围之神可能会让政府免于做出一些艰难的决定。

(32). But congestion is a near-inevitable side-effect of urban growth.

但是，拥堵是城市发展的一个不可避免的副作用。

(33). Cities exist because being near to other people brings enormous advantages.

城市存在的原因是与挨着其他人带来了极大的优势。

(34). Proximity allows people to find friends, mates and business partners, to discuss ideas and generate new ones, and to trade (and so to capture the benefits of specialisation).

近距离可以让人们找到朋友、伴侣和商业伙伴，去讨论想法、产生新的想法，并且进行交易（进而可以得到特殊化的福利）。

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