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林肯传|Lincoln

第1章|1

属类： 双语小说 【分类】其他读物 阅读：[43502]
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当哈洛兹堡还叫作哈罗德堡的时候，那里住着一位名叫安·麦金蒂（Ann McGinty）的女士。据史料记载，安和她的丈夫是第一批将猪、鸭和纺车引进肯塔基的人。此外，安·麦金蒂也是这片黑暗血腥的蛮荒之地上第一个做出黄油的人。然而，她真正出名的，是在当地织出了一个经济奇迹。在那片神秘的印第安土地上，不产棉花，也买不到棉花，绵羊又总是遭到大灰狼的猎杀，因此几乎没有能织成布的东西。然而独具匠心的安·麦金蒂却巧妙地利用当地两种常见又便宜的材料——荨麻絮和水牛毛，织成了一种布，人称“麦金蒂布”。

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There was a woman in Harrodsburg—it was called Fort Harrod in those days—named Ann McGinty. The old histories record that Ann and her husband brought the frst hogs into Kentucky, the frst ducks and the frst spinning-wheel; and they also declare that she was the frst woman ever to make butter out there in the dark and bloody wilderness. But her real claim to fame rests upon the fact that she performed an economic and textile miracle. Cotton could be neither grown nor purchased there in the mysterious Indian country, and timber-wolves slaughtered the sheep. So it was well-nigh impossible to fnd any substance from which clothes could be made. Then the ingenious Ann McGinty found a way of spinning thread and making “McGinty cloth” from two substances that were both plentiful and cheap—nettle lint and buffalo wool.

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这项伟大的发明吸引了众多的家庭主妇。她们不惜跋涉一百五十英里，只为挤在麦金蒂的小屋里跟她学习这门新手艺。主妇们一边纺织，一边聊天。渐渐地，除了谈论荨麻絮和水牛毛，她们也聊起了各种流言蜚语。很快，安·麦金蒂的小屋便成了当地公认的绯闻交流中心。

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It was a tremendous discovery, and housewives traveled as far as a hundred and ffty miles to sit in her cabin and learn the new art. And as they spun and wove they talked. And they didn’t always talk about nettle lint and buffalo wool. Frequently the conversation degenerated into gossip, and Ann McGinty’s cabin soon became the community’s acknowledged clearinghouse for scandal.

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在那个年代，通奸是一项可被起诉的罪行，非婚生子是一种非法行为。对于麦金蒂来说，没什么比向起诉陪审团(1)揭露那些本已饱受折磨的姑娘的罪行更能深切地滋润她那干枯的灵魂了。在哈罗德堡季审法庭的记录里，总是反复出现某些可怜姑娘因“安·麦金蒂提供的消息”而被起诉通奸罪的故事。一七八三年春天，哈罗德堡一共审判了十七宗案子，而通奸案就占了八例。

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In those days fornication was an indictable offense, and bastardywas a misdemeanor. And evidently there were few other activities in life that gave Ann’s shriveled soul more deep and abiding satisfaction than uncovering the story of some suffering girl’s error, and then running to the Grand Jury with the news. The records of the Court of Quarter Sessions in Fort Harrod repeatedly tell the pathetic story of some unfortunate girl indicted for fornication “on information of Ann McGinty.” Seventeen cases were tried at Harrodsburg in the spring of 1783, and eight were for fornication.

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一七八九年十一月二十四日，起诉陪审团写了这样一份诉状：

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Among these indictments, there is one brought by the Grand Jury on November 24, 1789, and reading as follows:

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“露西·汉克斯（Lucy Hanks）犯有通奸罪。”

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“Lucy Hanks for fornication.”

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这不是露西第一次被告上法庭。多年前在弗吉尼亚，她就有过类似的经历。

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This wasn’t Lucy’s frst offense. The frst had been years before, back in Virginia.

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因年代久远，当时那件事并未留下很多记录。而仅存的记录也只是苍白地陈述事实，没有提到事件的背景和细节。但综合其他渠道信息，也大致能还原出故事的梗概来，因为事件的基本要素都已具备。

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That was a long time ago, and the old records are meager: they give only a few bare facts and no setting for the facts. From them and from other sources, however, a probable story can be reconstructed. The essential elements, at any rate, are well established.

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汉克斯家族住在弗吉尼亚州的拉帕汉诺克河和波托马克河之间的狭长地带。在那片土地上，还住着华盛顿家族、李氏家族、卡特家族和方特勒罗伊家族等一些名门望族。这些贵族都去基督教堂做礼拜。像汉克斯那样穷困又不识字的平民百姓，也和贵族们一起去教堂做礼拜。

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The Virginia home of the Hanks family had been on a narrow strip of land bounded on one side by the Rappahannock River, on the other by the Potomac. On this same narrow strip of land dwelt the Washingtons and the Lees, the Carters and the Fauntleroys, and many another snuff-and-silk-breeches family. These aristocrats attended services at Christ Church, and so did the poor and illiterate families of the neighborhood such as the Hankses.

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一七八一年十一月的第二个周日，露西·汉克斯和往常一样去教堂做礼拜。那天，华盛顿将军带着拉斐特将军(2)（General La Fayette）一起去了教堂。这可是一件引发万人空巷的大事，人人都想一睹这位法国将军的风采——就在一个月前，这位了不起的将军帮助华盛顿在约克镇俘获了康沃利斯勋爵（Lord Cornwallis）的军队。

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Lucy Hanks was present, as usual, on the second Sunday in November, 1781, when General Washington caused a great craning of necks by bringing General La Fayette to church, as his guest. Every one was eager to see the distinguished Frenchman who, only a month before, had helped Washington capture the army of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown.

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那天早上，唱完了最后一首赞美诗，说完了最后一句祝祷词后，教区的居民们便排起了长队，激动地与两位沙场英雄握手。

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After the last hymn had been sung that morning and the benediction pronounced, the parishioners marched by in single file, shaking hands with the two military heroes.

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除了军事战略和国家大事，拉斐特将军还有一个嗜好：对漂亮的年轻女子特别感兴趣。每当有人向他引见漂亮姑娘，而他又恰好中意时，便会献上赞美之吻——这已成了他的习惯。那天早上，在基督教堂门口，他亲吻了七位姑娘。他的这一行为引起了人们极大的热议，人们对此的关注远甚于对教区牧师用洪亮的声音诵读的《路加福音》第三章的热情。露西·汉克斯便是他所亲吻的七位幸运女孩之一。

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But La Fayette had a predilection for other things besides military tactics and affairs of state. He took a profound interest in beautiful young ladies; and it was his custom, on being introduced to one that appealed to him, to pay her the compliment of a kiss. On this particular morning he kissed seven girls in front of Christ Church; and in doing so he caused more comment than had the third chapter of the Gospel according to St. Luke, which had been read so sonorously by the rector. One of the seven fortunate girls that he kissed was Lucy Hanks.

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这个吻引发了一连串的事件。这些事件对美国未来的影响，与拉斐特将军为我们浴血奋战的所有战争的总和相比，有过之而无不及。

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This kiss started a chain of events that did as much to modify the future of the United States as did all the battles La Fayette fought for us. Perhaps more.

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那天早晨，人群中站着一位富有的贵族单身汉。长久以来，他对汉克斯家族只有一些模糊的认识，知道他们目不识丁，知道他们很穷，也知道他们来自那个与自己有着天壤之别的世界。但是那天早晨，他觉得——当然，这完全可能只是他的臆想——拉斐特将军给露西的吻似乎比给其他姑娘的吻多了几分热情。

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There was a bachelor in the congregation that morning—a rich, aristocratic bachelor who for a long time had known vaguely of the Hanks family, an illiterate, poverty-stricken tribe that moved in a world far below his. But this morning—of course it may have been pure imagination—he thought that La Fayette put just a trife more ardor and enthusiasm into the kiss he gave Lucy Hanks than in those he bestowed upon the other girls.

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这位种植园主打心眼里尊敬拉斐特将军的军事才能和欣赏美丽女子的眼光。因此，这位单身汉开始惦记露西·汉克斯了。当他想着露西时，他想到了几位举世闻名的美人。她们都是在和露西一样贫穷的环境下长大的，有的出身甚至还比不上露西。例如汉密尔顿夫人。例如杜巴瑞夫人——一位穷得叮当响的裁缝的私生女。杜巴瑞夫人本身是不识字的，却通过路易十五统治了整个法兰西。想到这些先例，这位种植园主便感到欣慰，他心中的欲火也因此被美化了。

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This planter looked up to the French general, both as a military genius and as a connoisseur of beautiful women. So he fell to dreaming now of Lucy Hanks. And when he stopped to think of it, he knew that some of the world’s most celebrated beauties had been bred in circumstances as poor as Lucy’s—some in circumstances even more humble. There was Lady Hamilton, for example; and Madame DuBarry, the illegitimate child of a poverty-stricken dressmaker. DuBarry herself was almost illiterate, yet she all but ruled France under Louis XV. Theywere comforting, these historical precedents; and they helped to dignify the bachelor’s desires.

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当天是周日。第二天，也就是周一的时候，种植园主一整天都在考虑露西的事。到了周二早上，他迫不及待地策马奔向汉克斯一家住着的脏兮兮的小屋，雇用露西到他种植园里的农舍做女仆。

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This was Sunday. He turned the matter over in his mind all day Monday; and on Tuesday morning he rode over to the dirtfoor cabin that the Hanks tribe occupied and hired Lucy to be a servant in the farm-house on his plantation.

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他已经有了一大堆奴隶，根本不需要再多一个女仆。可是他却雇用了露西，而且只委派她一些轻活儿，也不要求她和其他奴隶一起做事。

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He already owned a number of slaves, and he didn’t need another servant. Nevertheless he hired Lucy, gave her some light tasks about the house, and didn’t ask her to associate with the slaves.

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当时弗吉尼亚的富人家庭都习惯将儿子送到英国读书。露西的雇主曾在牛津大学读书，并把很多自己的藏书带回了美国。一天，他走进家里的书房，看到露西坐在那里，手里拿着抹布，低头凝视着一本历史书上的插图。

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It was the custom of many of the wealthy families of Virginia at that time to educate their sons in England. Lucy’s employer had attended Oxford, and he had brought back to America a collection of books that he cherished. One day he drifted into the library and found Lucy seated, dust-cloth in hand, poring over the illustrations in a history book.

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这对女仆来说是一件逾越本分的事，但他非但没有责备露西，反而关上了书房的门，坐在她身边，为她阅读图片下方的文字说明，并向她解释其中的意思。

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That was an odd thing for a servant to be doing. But, instead of censuring her, he closed the library door and sat down and read her the captions underneath the pictures, and told her something of what they meant.

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她兴趣盎然地听着，然后坦诚地表示自己想要读书写字。这让他大吃一惊。

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She listened with very evident interest; and finally, to his surprise, she confessed that she wanted to learn to read and write.

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一个女仆竟然想要读书写字！可是这有什么好惊讶的？现在的我们很难理解，但那可是一七八一年。当时的弗吉尼亚没有免费的学校，能在契约上签下自己名字的有产者不到州人口的一半，所有的妇女都不识字，转卖土地时只能在协议上画个记号。

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Just how astonishing that aspiration was in a servant-girl in the year of our Lord 1781, it is diffcult now to understand. Virginia at that time did not have any free schools; not half the property-owners of the State could sign their names to a deed, and virtually all of the women made their marks when transferring land.

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然而，现在却有一个女仆想要读书写字。即便是弗吉尼亚最好的公民，即便不说她反了天了，也会认为这是一件危险的事。但是她的雇主却对这个想法颇感兴趣，并愿意亲自教她。那天晚上，晚餐过后，他把她叫去了书房，开始教她字母表。又过了几晚，他握着她那抓着鹅毛笔的手，手把手地教她如何写字。就这样，他们之间的教学关系存续了很长一段时间。值得一提的是，他教得棒极了。露西当年的字条有一张保留了下来，上面的花体字大胆而自信。她的字迹中有一股精神，也很能体现个性。她不仅用对了“批准”这个词，而且拼写也正确。这在当时可不是一份小成就，因为就算是华盛顿那样的伟人，也未必总能把字拼对。

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Yet here was a servant-girl aspiring to read and write. The best people in Virginia would have called it dangerous, if not revolutionary. But the idea appealed to Lucy’s employer, and he volunteered to be her tutor. That evening, after supper, he called her into the library and began teachingher the letters of the alphabet. A few evenings later he put his hand over hers as it grasped the quill, and showed her how to form the letters. For a long time after that he taught her, and to his credit let it be recorded that he did a very good job. There is one specimen of her handwriting still in existence, and it shows that she wrote with a bold, self-confdent fourish. There are spirit and personality and character in her handwriting; and she not only used the word “approbation,” but spelled it correctly. That was no little achievement at a time when the orthography of men like George Washington was not always fawless.

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每晚的读写课结束后，露西便和她的雇主并肩坐在书房里，一起看炉火中跳跃的火焰和缓缓地在森林与夜空交界处升起的明月。

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And when the reading and spelling lessons were finished for the evening Lucy and her tutor sat side by side in the library, looking at the dancing fames in the freplace, and watching the moon rise over the rim of the forest.

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露西爱上了他，并且十分信任他。但她的信任太过了。这种爱与信任在她的体内蔓延，弄得她一连几个星期都焦躁不安。她食不下咽，夜不能寐，脸上总是挂着憔悴的神情。当她再也无法否认自己的情感时，她告诉了他。有一个瞬间，他想过娶她。但也只是一瞬间。家庭、朋友、社会地位、错综复杂的状况、令人不悦的场景……不行。而且，他也开始厌倦露西了。因此，他给了露西一笔钱，打发她离开了。

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She fell in love with him, and trusted him; but she trusted him too far.... Then came weeks of anxiety. She couldn’t eat. She hardly slept. She worried a haggard look into her face. When she could no longer deny the truth even to herself she told him. For a moment he considered marrying her. But only for a moment. Family. Friends. Social position. Complications. Unpleasant scenes.... No. Besides, he was begining to tire of her. So he gave her some money and sent her away.

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几个月过去了，人们一直对露西指指点点，还刻意避开她。

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As the months went by people pointed at Lucy and shunned her.

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接着，在一个周日早晨，露西毫不羞耻地带着自己的孩子去了教堂。这引起了一场轰动。那些自命贤良的妇人愤怒极了，有人在教堂里站起来，厉声喊道：“将这个荡妇赶出去！”

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One Sunday morning she created a sensation by shamelessly bringing her baby to church. The good women of the congregation were indignant, and one stood up in the meeting-house and demanded that “that slut be sent away.”

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这一切真是够了。露西的父亲不愿女儿再受屈辱，于是汉克斯一家将他们那仅有的几件家当装上了一辆马车，踏上荒野之路(3)，穿过坎伯兰岬口，最后定居在肯塔基州的哈罗德堡。在那里，没有人认识他们，因此关于露西孩子的父亲，他们也有了更好的说辞。

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That was enough. Lucy’s father did not mean to have his daughter insulted any longer. So the Hanks tribe loaded their few earthly possessions into a wagon and traveled out over the Wilderness Road, through the Cumberland Gap, and settled at Fort Harrod, Kentucky. Noone knew them there: they could lie more effectively about the father of Lucy’s child.

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但是在哈罗德堡，露西的美貌和魅力对于男人来说，仍和在弗吉尼亚时一样充满吸引力。男人们追求她，和她调情，于是她再次坠入爱河。这一次，露西很快就成了失足的荡妇。有人发现了她的情事，然后告诉了别人，最后传到了安·麦金蒂那里。于是，正如前文所说的那样，起诉陪审团指控露西犯有通奸罪。但是法官知道露西不是那种应受法律制裁的女人，因此他把传票塞进了口袋，不去管她，自己猎鹿去了。

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But in Fort Harrod Lucy was quite as pretty, quite as attractive to men as she had been back in Virginia. She was sought after, and nattered. She fell in love again. This time it was a little easier to stray. Somebody found it out. Somebody told somebody else. Then it was repeated at Ann McGinty’s. And, as we have already recorded, the Grand Jury indicted Lucy for fornication. But the sheriff knew Lucy wasn’t the kind of woman to have the law upon; so he stuck the summons in his pocket, and went off deer-hunting and left her alone.

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那是十一月的事。到了来年三月，陪审团的成员们又聚集在了一起。这一次，一位妇女带来了关于露西的更为恶毒的谣言和绯闻，并要求法庭强制露西出庭面对自己犯下的罪行。于是，第二张传票送到了露西家门口。露西气坏了，将传票撕成了碎片，扔在了送传票的人脸上。到了五月，法院会再次传唤露西。当时，如果那位年轻而杰出的先生没有出现，露西肯定会被强制出庭。

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That was in November. In March the court met again. And when it met, a certain woman appeared with further gossip and slander about Lucy and demanded that the hussy be haled into court and made to answer to the charges against her. So another summons was issued; but high-spirited Lucy tore it up and fung it into the face of the man who served it. In May the court would convene again; and Lucy would doubtless have been forced into court at that time, had not a remarkable young man appeared on the scene.

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他的名字叫亨利·斯帕罗（Henry Sparrow）。他骑着马来到镇上，将马系在露西的小屋前，然后走了进去。

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His name was Henry Sparrow. He rode into town, tied his horse in front of her cabin, and went in.

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“露西，”他也许是这样说的，“我根本不在乎那些女人怎么说你。我爱你，我希望你能成为我的妻子。”这或许不是他的原话，但至少他是向露西求过婚的。

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“Lucy,” he probably said to her, “I don’t give a damn about what these women are saying about you. I love you and want you to be my wife.” At any rate, he did ask her to marry him.

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但露西并不想立刻结婚。她不希望镇上再传出谣言，说斯帕罗是被迫和她结婚的。

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However, she was not willing to marry immediately. She was not willing to have the gossips of the town say that Sparrow had been forced into matrimony.

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“亨利，我们再等一年。”她坚持道，“在这段时间里，我会向人们证明我有能力过体面的生活。如果一年后你还想娶我，那就来找我，我会等着你。”

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“We’ll wait a year, Henry,” she insisted. “During that time I want to prove to every one that I can live a decent life. If at the end of that time, you still want me, come; I’ll be waiting for you.”

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一七九〇年四月二十六日，亨利·斯帕罗取得了结婚证书，自此，再也没听说传票的事了。大约一年后，他们结婚了。

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Henry Sparrow took out the license at once, April 26, 1790, and nothing more was heard of the summons. Almost a year later they were married.

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于是，安·麦金蒂那群长舌妇又开始嚼舌根了。她们并不看好这段婚姻，总说：这段婚姻长不了，露西这种不守妇道的娼妇，早晚都会重操旧业。亨利·斯帕罗听到了这些谣言，其他人也都听到了这些谣言。为了保护露西，亨利建议他们搬去更遥远的西部，找一处比这里和谐的环境，开始新的生活。但是露西拒绝了这种惯常的逃避方式。她说，她不是坏女人。她这么说的时候，倔强地昂着头。她不会再逃跑了。她决定在哈罗德堡定居，与那里的人们斗争到底。

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That set the Ann McGinty crowd to shaking their heads and wagging their tongues: the marriage wouldn’t last long, Lucy would be up to her old tricks again. Henry Sparrow heard this talk. Every one heard it. He wanted to shield Lucy. So he suggested that they move farther West and begin life all over again in kindlier surroundings. She refused that customary means of escape. She wasn’t bad, she said; and she held her head high as she said it. She wasn’t going to run away. She was determined to settle down there in Fort Harrod and fght it out.

35
-

露西做到了。她养育了八个孩子，在当地恢复了名誉——她的名字不再和下流的笑话捆绑在一起。

35
-

And she did. She reared eight children and redeemed her name in the very community where it had once been a signal for coarse jests.

36
-

最后，她的两个儿子成了牧师；她的一个外孙——也就是那个私生女的儿子——成了美国总统。他的名字叫亚伯拉罕·林肯。

36
-

In time two of her sons became preachers; and one of her grandsons, the son of her illegitimate daughter, became President of the United States. His name was Abraham Lincoln.

37
-

这就是林肯较近的祖先的故事。林肯自己很重视弗吉尼亚那位受过良好教育的外公。

37
-

I have told this story to show Lincoln’s more immediate ancestry. He himself set great store by his well-bred Virginia grandfather.

38
-

威廉·H.赫恩登（William H. Herndon）是林肯律师事务所的合伙人，两人共事二十一载。威廉大概是世上最了解林肯的人。幸运的是，他写了一部三卷篇幅的林肯传，并在一八八八年出版。这是众多与林肯有关的作品中最为重要的一部。我现在把第一卷第三页和第四页的内容引述如下：

38
-

William H. Herndon was Lincoln’s law partner for twenty-one years. He probably knew Lincoln better than any other man who ever lived. Fortunately, he wrote a three-volume biography of Lincoln that appeared in 1888. It is one of the most important of the multitude of works on Lincoln. I quote now from pages 3 and 4 of Volume I:

39
-

对于林肯的血统和出身，我只记得他曾提过一次。那是在一八五〇年，我和他驾着他那辆单骑小马车，朝着伊利诺伊州默纳德县的地方法庭驶去。当时我们要审理的案件，很可能直接或间接地涉及遗传性状。在途中，我第一次听他提起了自己的母亲。他详细地告诉了我他母亲的特点，列举了自己从她身上遗传到的性格品质。除此之外，他还告诉我他的母亲是露西·汉克斯和弗吉尼亚一位受过良好教育的种植园主的私生女。他认为自己之所以和汉克斯家族的其他后辈不一样，是因为他具有卓越的分析能力、逻辑能力、思维活动和雄心壮志。而这些品质，都来源于那位种植园主。在谈到遗传性状时他认为，虽然现在还不能证明其中的原因，但是非婚生子女要比婚生子女更健壮、更聪明。就他自己而言，他相信自己超越常人的美好本性和卓越品质都是遗传自那位豁达的弗吉尼亚无名氏。这些痛苦的往事勾起了他对母亲的思念。马车颠簸着向前驶去，他悲伤地说：“愿上帝保佑我的母亲。我现在有的一切，以及将来也许会拥有的成就，都是我母亲的功劳。”说完这句话，他立刻陷入了沉默。我们之间的交谈也戛然而止。一路上，我们很久都没有再说一个字。他深深地陷入了悲伤。毫无疑问，他仍沉浸在刚才提起的往事中。他给自己筑了一圈屏障，我不敢越界半步。他说过的话和言语中流露出的悲伤给我留下了极深刻的印象。这是我永远无法忘记的一次经历。

39
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On the subject of his ancestry and origin I only remember one time when Mr. Lincoln ever referred to it. It was about 1850, when he and I were driving in his one-horse buggy to the court in Menard county, Illinois. The suit we were going to try was one in which we were likely, either directly or collaterally, to touch upon the subject of hereditary traits. During the ride he spoke, for the first time in my hearing, of his mother, dwelling on her characteristics, and mentioning or enumerating what qualities he inherited from her. He said, among other things, that she was the illegitimate daughter of Lucy Hanks and a well-bred Virginia farmer or planter; and he argued that from this last source came his power of analysis, his logic, his mental activity, his ambition, and all the qualities that distinguished him from the other members and descendants of the Hanks family. His theory in discussing the matter of hereditary traits has been, that, for certain reasons, illegitimate children are oftentimes sturdier and brighter than those born in lawful wedlock; and in his case, he believed that his better nature and finer qualities came from this broad-minded, unknown Virginian. The revelation—painful as it was—called up the recollection of his mother, and, as the buggy jolted over the road, he added ruefully, “God bless my mother; all that I am or ever hope to be I owe to her,” and immediately lapsed into silence. Our interchange of ideas ceased, and we rode on for some time without exchanging a word. He was sad and absorbed. Burying himself in thought, and musing no doubt over the disclosure he had just made, he drew round him a barrier which I feared to penetrate. His words and melancholy tone made a deep impression on me. It was an experience I can never forget.

序号 英文/音标 中文解释 更多操作

Fort

[fɔːt]

n.堡垒;要塞

textile

['tekstaɪl]

n.纺织品

slaughter

['slɔːtə(r)]

n.残杀;屠杀;大量杀戮

buffalo

['bʌfələʊ]

n.水牛;野牛;水陆坦克

wool

[wʊl]

n.羊毛;绒线

tremendous

[trə'mendəs]

adj.巨大的;惊人的

conversation

[ˌkɒnvə'seɪʃn]

n.谈话;会话

degenerate

[dɪ'dʒenəreɪt]

v.退化;堕落

gossip

['ɡɒsɪp]

n.流言蜚语;爱说长道短的人;闲话

shrivel

['ʃrɪvl]

v.(使)枯萎;(使)干枯;(使)皱缩

abide

[ə'baɪd]

v.遵守;忍受;坚持

hank

[hæŋk]

汉克(男名)n.(一)把，(一)卷，(一)束

reconstruct

[ˌriːkən'strʌkt]

v.重建;修复;重现

dwell

[dwel]

vi.居住;存在;冥想;详细阐述

lee

[liː]

n.背风处;庇护所

Carter

['kɑːtə]

n.运货马车夫

aristocrat

['ærɪstəkræt]

n.贵族;有贵族气派的人

crane

[kreɪn]

n.起重机

marches

[mɑːtʃ]

1. n. (尤指英格兰与苏格兰或威尔士的)边界地区, 2.动词march的第三人称单数形式

appeal

[ə'piːl]

①[U][C]呼吁，要求;

compliment

['kɒmplɪmənt]

n.称赞;恭维;(复数)致意

Gospel

['ɡɒspl]

n.新约圣经四福书之一;福音;真理

Luke

[luːk]

n.卢克(男子名;《圣经》中译为“路加”)

sonorous

['sɒnərəs]

adj.洪亮的;响亮的;作响的;堂皇的

fortunate

['fɔːtʃənət]

adj.幸运的;侥幸的;带来幸运的

bestow

[bɪ'stəʊ]

v.授予;给予;使用;放置

planter

['plɑːntə(r)]

n.种植者;耕作者;殖民者

Hamilton

['hæmɪltən]

汉密尔顿

Madame

['mædəm]

n.夫人

precedent

['presɪdənt]

n.先例;惯例

dignify

['dɪɡnɪfaɪ]

vt.使高贵;使增辉;抬高…的身价;将…美其名为

Oxford

['ɒksfəd]

n.牛津城;牛津大学;牛津

cherish

['tʃerɪʃ]

vt.珍爱;抱有;抚育

pore

[pɔː(r)]

n.毛孔;小孔

censure

['senʃə(r)]

n.责难;非难

caption

['kæpʃn]

n.说明文字

aspire

[ə'spaɪə(r)]

v.热望;立志

tutor

['tjuːtə(r)]

n.家庭教师;导师

supper

['sʌpə(r)]

n.晚饭

specimen

['spesɪmən]

n.标本;样本

complication

[ˌkɒmplɪ'keɪʃn]

n.复杂;并发症;纠纷

Unpleasant

[ʌn'pleznt]

adj.使人不愉快的;讨厌的;不合意的;不友好的，粗鲁的

shun

[ʃʌn]

v.避开;回避;避免

shamelessness

['ʃeɪmləs]

adj.无耻的

stray

[streɪ]

n.走失的家畜;浪子

Sparrow

['spærəʊ]

n.麻雀

wag

[wæɡ]

vt. 摇，摇摆(尾巴等);

shield

[ʃiːld]

n.盾

kindly

['kaɪndli]

adj.和蔼的;温和的;爽快的

customary

['kʌstəməri]

adj.习惯的;惯例的

redeem

[rɪ'diːm]

vt.赎回;弥补;履行;兑现;偿还;解救

coarse

[kɔːs]

adj.粗糙的;粗俗的

jest

[dʒest]

n.说笑;玩笑

preacher

['priːtʃə(r)]

n.传道者;讲道者;牧师

Abraham

['eɪbrəˌhæm]

n.亚伯拉罕(男子名)

well-bred

['wel'bred]

adj.有教养的;(马等)良种的

collateral

[kə'lætərəl]

adj.旁系的;并行的;附属的

enumerate

[ɪ'njuːməreɪt]

vt.数;列举;枚举

descendant

[dɪ'sendənt]

n.后裔;子孙;后代

recollection

[ˌrekə'lekʃn]

n.回忆;记忆力;记忆;回忆起的事物

rueful

['ruːfl]

adj.悲伤的;怜悯的;悔恨的

lapse

[læps]

n.过失;流逝;间隔;堕落;失效

interchange

['ɪntətʃeɪndʒ]

n.交换

Muse

[mjuːz]

v.沉思;冥想

melancholy

['melənkəli]

n.忧郁;忧愁;悲伤

ancestry

['ænsestri]

n.祖先;家世;门第;血统

one-horse

['wʌn'hɔːs]

adj. 单马拉的; 小的; 偏僻的; 设备简陋的

buggy

['bʌɡi]

adj.多虫的

Illinois

[ˌili'nɔi(z)]

n.伊利诺伊(美国州名)

illegitimate

[ˌɪlə'dʒɪtəmət]

adj.非法的;私生的;不合规则的

well-bred

['wel'bred]

adj.有教养的;(马等)良种的

oftentimes

['ɒfntaɪmz]

adv.屡次;常常

sturdy

['stɜːdi]

adj.强健的;坚固的;坚决的

wedlock

['wedlɒk]

n.婚姻;已婚状态

broad-minded

[brɔːd-ˈmaɪndɪd]

adj.心胸开阔的;气量大的

jolt

[dʒəʊlt]

n.震摇;摇动;震惊;少量

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