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(1). Law of the PRC on Negotiable Instruments

中华人民共和国票据法

(2). Article 1 This Law is enacted to regulate acts involving negotiable instruments, protect the lawful rights and interests of parties engaged in activities involving negotiable instruments, maintain public and economic order and promote the development of the socialist market economy.

第一条为了规范票据行为，保障票据活动中当事人的合法权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进社会主义市场经济的发展，制定本法。

(3). Article 2 This Law shall apply to activities, involving negotiable instruments, that are carried on within the territory of the PRC .

第二条在中华人民共和国境内的票据活动，适用本法。

(4). The term "negotiable instrument" as used in this Law means bill of exchange, promissory note and cheque.

本法所称票据，是指汇票、本票和支票。

(5). Article 3 In activities involving negotiable instruments, people shall comply with law, and administrative rules and regulations and shall not jeopardize public interests.

第三条票据活动应当遵守法律、行政法规，不得损害社会公共利益。

(6). Article 4 When making a negotiable instrument, the drawer shall sign it pursuant to the requirements prescribed by law and shall be liable according to its tenor.

第四条票据出票人制作票据，应当按照法定条件在票据上签章，并按照所记载的事项承担票据责任。

(7). When exercising the rights on a negotiable instrument, the holder shall sign it according to legal procedures and present it.

持票人行使票据权利，应当按照法定程序在票据上签章，并出示票据。

(8). Other debtors signing the instrument shall be liable according to its tenor.

其他票据债务人在票据上签章的，按照票据所记载的事项承担票据责任。

(9). The right on a negotiable instrument as used in this Law means the right of a holder to demand from the person liable for the negotiable instrument payment of the sum payable by the instrument, including the right of claim for payment and the right of recourse.

本法所称票据权利，是指持票人向票据债务人请求支付票据金额的权利，包括付款请求权和追索权。

(10). Liability on a negotiable instrument as used in this Law means the obligation of a debtor to pay the sum payable by the instrument to the holder.

本法所称票据责任，是指票据债务人向持票人支付票据金额的义务。

(11). Article 5 A party to a negotiable instrument may authorize his agent to sign the instrument and the agency relationship shall be indicated thereon.

第五条票据当事人可以委托其代理人在票据上签章，并应当在票据上表明其代理关系。

(12). A person who without authorization signs a negotiable instrument in the name of an agent shall be liable for the instrument. If an agent goes beyond the authorization, he shall be liable for the instrument to the extent where he exceeds the authorization.

没有代理权而以代理人名义在票据上签章的，应当由签章人承担票据责任;代理人超越代理权限的，应当就其超越权限的部分承担票据责任。

(13). Article 6 If a person having no capacity or limited capacity for civil acts signs a negotiable instrument, the signature shall be null and void, but this shall not affect the effect of others’ signatures .

第六条无民事行为能力人或者限制民事行为能力人在票据上签章的，其签章无效，但是不影响其他签章的效力。

(14). Article 7 The signature on a negotiable instrument means an autograph, a seal or an autograph accompanied by a seal.

第七条票据上的签章，为签名、盖章或者签名加盖章。

(15). The signature put by a legal person or another entity issuing the negotiable instrument means the seal of the legal person or the entity accompanied by the signature of its legal representative or authorized agent.

法人和其他使用票据的单位在票据上的签章，为该法人或者该单位的盖章加其法定代表人或者其授权的代理人的签章。

(16). The signature on a negotiable instrument shall be the true name of the party thereto.

在票据上的签名，应当为该当事人的本名。

(17). Article 8 The sum on a negotiable instrument shall be specified in both capital Chinese characters and numerical figures, the two must be exactly the same. Otherwise, the instrument shall be null and void.

第八条票据金额以中文大写和数码同时记载，二者必须一致，二者不一致的，票据无效。

(18). Article 9 The particulars specified on a negotiable instrument shall be in conformity with the provisions of this Law.

第九条票据上的记载事项必须符合本法的规定。

(19). The sum, date and the name of the payee of a negotiable instrument shall not be altered. An instrument with any alteration is null and void.

票据金额、日期、收款人名称不得更改，更改的票据无效。

(20). Other particulars on a negotiable instrument may be altered by the person who recorded them, but he shall verify the alterations by putting his signature thereto.

对票据上的其他记载事项，原记载人可以更改，更改时应当由原记载人签章证明。

(21). Article 10 The issue, acquisition and negotiation of an instrument shall follow the principle of good faith and reflect the true relationship of transaction and between the creditor and the debtor.

第十条票据的签发、取得和转让，应当遵循诚实信用的原则，具有真实的交易关系和债权债务关系。

(22). A negotiable instrument shall be acquired by payment of consideration, that is, the price corresponding to what is agreed upon by the two parties to the instrument.

票据的取得，必须给付对价，即应当给付票据双方当事人认可的相对应的代价。

(23). Article 11 Acquisition of a negotiable instrument through taxation, inheritance or donation which, according to law, may be realized without payment shall be exempted from payment of consideration. However, the holder’s rights to the instrument shall not exceed those of his prior parties thereto.

第十一条因税收、继承、赠与可以依法无偿取得票据的，不受给付对价的限制。但是，所享有的票据权利不得优于其前手的权利。

(24). The term "prior parties" means other persons liable for a negotiable instrument who put their signatures thereon prior to the current signer or holder.

前手是指在票据签章人或者持票人之前签章的其他票据债务人。

(25). Article 12 A person who acquires a negotiable instrument by means of fraud, theft, or coercion, or, with knowledge of the aforementioned situations, acquires the instrument out of ill intention shall have no right thereon.

第十二条以欺诈、偷盗或者胁迫等手段取得票据的，或者明知有前列情形，出于恶意取得票据的，不得享有票据权利。

(26). A holder who, by gross negligence, acquires a negotiable instrument that is not in conformity with the provisions of this Law, shall have no tight thereon, either.

持票人因重大过失取得不符合本法规定的票据的，也不得享有票据权利。

(27). Article 13 A person liable for a negotiable instrument may not set up against the holder such defenses that are available as between himself and the drawer or between himself and the holder’s prior party or parties, unless the current holder acquires the instrument with knowledge of the defenses.

第十三条票据债务人不得以自己与出票人或者与持票人的前手之间的抗辩事由，对抗持票人。但是，持票人明知存在抗辩事由而取得票据的除外。

(28). A person liable for a negotiable instrument may set up defenses against the holder who has a direct creditor-debtor relationship with him and does not perform the obligations agreed upon.

票据债务人可以对不履行约定义务的与自己有直接债权债务关系的持票人，进行抗辩。

(29). Defense" as used in this Law means refusal by a person liable for a negotiable instrument to perform his obligations to the creditor in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

本法所称抗辩，是指票据债务人根据本法规定对票据债权人拒绝履行义务的行为。

(30). Article 14 Particulars recorded on a negotiable instrument shall be truthful and shall not be forged or altered. Whoever forges or alters the signature or other particulars recorded on an instrument shall bear legal responsibility.

第十四条票据上的记载事项应当真实，不得伪造、变造。伪造、变造票据上的签章和其他记载事项的，应当承担法律责任。

(31). A forged or altered signature on a negotiable instrument shall not affect the effect of other true signatures thereon.

票据上有伪造、变造的签章的，不影响票据上其他真实签章的效力。

(32). Where other particulars recorded on a negotiable instrument have been altered, a signer thereto before the alteration is made shall be liable for the particulars originally recorded, a signer thereto after the alteration is made shall be liable for the altered particulars. Where it is hard to tell whether a signature is put before or after the alteration, it shall be deemed as one put before the alteration.

票据上其他记载事项被变造的，在变造之前签章的人，对原记载事项负责;在变造之后签章的人，对变造之后的记载事项负责;不能辨别是在票据被变造之前或者之后签章的，视同在变造之前签章。

(33). Article 15 In the event a negotiable instrument is lost, the person losing it may promptly notify the drawee of the loss for the latter to stop payment thereof, unless no drawee is recorded on the instrument or it is hard to identify the drawee or his agent.

第十五条票据丧失，失票人可以及时通知票据的付款人挂失止付，但是，未记载付款人或者无法确定付款人及其代理付款人的票据除外。

(34). The drawee who receives notice to stop payment of the lost instrument shall suspend its payment.

收到挂失止付通知的付款人，应当暂停支付。

(35). The person who loses the instrument shall, within three days after serving the stop-payment notice or after losing the instrument, apply to a People’s Court according to law for making this exigency known to the public or bring an action in a People’s Court.

失票人应当在通知挂失止付后三日内，也可以在票据丧失后，依法向人民法院申请公示催告，或者向人民法院提起诉讼。

(36). Article 16 To exercise or preserve his rights on a negotiable instrument against the person who is liable for the instrument, the holder shall do it on the business premises of the party concerned and within the business hours, or at his domicile in the absence of business premises.

第十六条持票人对票据债务人行使票据权利，或者保全票据权利，应当在票据当事人的营业场所和营业时间内进行，票据当事人无营业场所的，应当在其住所进行。

(37). Article 17 The rights on a negotiable instrument lapse, unless exercised within the following time limits:

第十七条票据权利在下列期限内不行使而消灭:....(please sign in for more)

(38). (1)two years from the date of maturity of the negotiable instrument for the holder against the drawer or acceptor; two years from the date of issue of a bill or a promissory note payable at sight for the holder against the drawer or acceptor;

(一)持票人对票据的出票人和承兑人的权利，自票据到期日起二年。见票即付的汇票、本票，自出票日起二年;....(please sign in for more)

(39). (2)six months from the date of issue of a cheque for the holder against the drawer;

(二)持票人对支票出票人的权利，自出票日起六个月;....(please sign in for more)

(40). (3)six months from the date of non-acceptance or non-payment for the holder’s right of recourse against the prior holders; or

(三)持票人对前手的追索权，自被拒绝承兑或者被拒绝付款之日起六个月;....(please sign in for more)

(41). (4)three months from the date of settlement or filing a lawsuit for the holder’s right of re-recourse against the prior parties.

(四)持票人对前手的再追索权，自清偿日或者被提起诉讼之日起三个月。....(please sign in for more)

(42). The date of issue and the date of maturity of a negotiable instrument shall be determined by the parties thereto according to law.

票据的出票日、到期日由票据当事人依法确定。....(please sign in for more)

(43). Article 18 The holder of a negotiable instrument who forfeits his rights thereon by reason of limitation of time or defects in specified particulars on the instrument still has civil rights and he is entitled to demand the drawer or acceptor to make a refund equivalent to the sum in the instrument not yet paid.

第十八条持票人因超过票据权利时效或者因票据记载事项欠缺而丧失票据权利的，仍享有民事权利，可以请求出票人或者承兑人返还其与未支付的票据金额相当的利益。....(please sign in for more)

(44). Article 19 A bill of exchange is a negotiable instrument, signed and issued by the drawer, who authorizes the drawee to pay unconditionally a sum certain in money to the payee or the holder at sight or on a specified date.

第十九条汇票是出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。....(please sign in for more)

(45). Bills of exchange include banker’s bills and commercial bills.

汇票分为银行汇票和商业汇票。....(please sign in for more)

(46). Article 20 "Issue" means a drawer’s signing of a bill of exchange and delivering of it to the payee.

第二十条出票是指出票人签发票据并将其交付给收款人的票据行为。....(please sign in for more)

(47). Article 21 The drawer of a bill of exchange must maintain a bona fide relationship of entrusted payment with the drawee and have a reliable source of funds to pay the amount of sum on the bill.

第二十一条汇票的出票人必须与付款人具有真实的委托付款关系，并且具有支付汇票金额的可靠资金来源。....(please sign in for more)

(48). No one may sign and issue bills of exchange without consideration to defraud fund from a bank or other parties to the bills.

不得签发无对价的汇票用以骗取银行或者其他票据当事人的资金。....(please sign in for more)

(49). Article 22 The following particulars shall be specified on a bill of exchange:

第二十二条汇票必须记载下列事项:....(please sign in for more)

(50). (1)words expressing it to be a bill of exchange;

(一)表明"汇票"的字样;....(please sign in for more)

(51). (2)an unconditional order to pay;

(二)无条件支付的委托;....(please sign in for more)

(52). (7)signature of the drawer.

(七)出票人签章。....(please sign in for more)

(53). A bill of exchange is void if any of the above-mentioned particulars is not specified thereon.

汇票上未记载前款规定事项之一的，汇票无效。....(please sign in for more)

(54). Article 23 The date of payment, place of payment and place of issue, if specified on a bill of exchange, shall be legible and unambiguous.

第二十三条汇票上记载付款日期、付款地、出票地等事项的，应当清楚、明确。....(please sign in for more)

(55). If the date of payment is not specified on a bill of exchange, the bill is payable at sight.

汇票上未记载付款日期的，为见票即付。....(please sign in for more)

(56). If the place of payment is not specified on a bill of exchange, the business premises, domicile or habitual residence of the drawee is the place of payment.

汇票上未记载付款地的，付款人的营业场所、住所或者经常居住地为付款地。....(please sign in for more)

(57). If the place of issue is not specified on a bill of exchange, the business premises, domicile or habitual residence of the drawer is the place of issue.

汇票上未记载出票地的，出票人的营业场所、住所或者经常居住地为出票地。....(please sign in for more)

(58). Article 24 Particulars relating to the issue of a bill of exchange other than those stipulated by this Law may be specified on a bill, however, such particulars shall have no effect on the bill.

第二十四条汇票上可以记载本法规定事项以外的其他出票事项，但是该记载事项不具有汇票上的效力。....(please sign in for more)

(59). Article 25 The date of payment may be specified in one of the following manners:

第二十五条付款日期可以按照下列形式之一记载:....(please sign in for more)

(60). (3)payable at a fixed period after the date of issue; or

(三)出票后定期付款;....(please sign in for more)

(61). (4)payable at a fixed period after sight.

(四)见票后定期付款。....(please sign in for more)

(62). The date of payment stipulated in the preceding paragraph is the date of maturity of a bill of exchange.

前款规定的付款日期为汇票到期日。....(please sign in for more)

(63). Article 26 A drawer who signs and issues a bill shall bear the liability for guaranteeing the acceptance and payment of the bill. In the event the bill is not accepted or paid, the drawer shall pay off the sum and expenses, as stipulated in Articles 70 and 71 of this Law, to the holder of the bill.

第二十六条出票人签发汇票后，即承担保证该汇票承兑和付款的责任。出票人在汇票得不到承兑或者付款时，应当向持票人清偿本法第七十条、第七十一条规定的金额和费用。....(please sign in for more)

(64). Article 27 A holder may transfer his rights on the bill of exchange to another person or authorize another to exercise certain part of the rights on the bill.

第二十七条持票人可以将汇票权利转让给他人或者将一定的汇票权利授予他人行使。....(please sign in for more)

(65). Where a drawer writes "non-negotiable" on a bill of exchange, the bill shall not be negotiated.

出票人在汇票上记载"不得转让"字样的，汇票不得转让。....(please sign in for more)

(66). A holder shall endorse and deliver the bill of exchange when exercising the rights stipulated in the first paragraph of the Article.

持票人行使第一款规定的权利时，应当背书并交付汇票。....(please sign in for more)

(67). Endorsement" means the writing down of relevant particulars and signing on the back of a negotiable instrument or on an allonge.

背书是指在票据背面或者粘单上记载有关事项并签章的票据行为。....(please sign in for more)

(68). Article 28 Where more space on a negotiable instrument is needed by the endorser for making entries, the instrument may be extended by an allonge annexed to it.

第二十八条票据凭证不能满足背书人记载事项的需要，可以加附粘单，粘附于票据凭证上。....(please sign in for more)

(69). The first entry maker of the allonge shall sign on the abutting edge.

粘单上的第一记载人，应当在汇票和粘单的粘接处签章。....(please sign in for more)

(70). Article 29 An endorsement shall be signed and the date of endorsement specified by the endorser.

第二十九条背书由背书人签章并记载背书日期。....(please sign in for more)

(71). An endorsement without a specified date is deemed to be made prior to the date of maturity.

背书未记载日期的，视为在汇票到期日前背书。....(please sign in for more)

(72). Article 30 The name of endorsee shall be specified when a bill of exchange is endorsed to negotiate or when the exercise of certain part of the rights thereon is endorsed to another.

第三十条汇票以背书转让或者以背书将一定的汇票权利授予他人行使时，必须记载被背书人名称。....(please sign in for more)

(73). Article 31 Where a bill of exchange is negotiated by endorsement, the endorsements shall be in succession. The holder shall prove his rights on the bill by an uninterrupted series of endorsements. A person who acquires a bill of exchange by lawful means other than endorsement shall provide evidence according to law to prove his rights thereon.

第三十一条以背书转让的汇票，背书应当连续。持票人以背书的连续，证明其汇票权利;非经背书转让，而以其他合法方式取得汇票的，依法举证，证明其汇票权利。....(please sign in for more)

(74). The term "uninterrupted series of endorsements" as used in the preceding paragraph means that, in the course of negotiation of an instrument, the signature of each endorser negotiating the bill and that of the immediate prior endorsee acquiring the bill shall be the same person’s.

前款所称背书连续，是指在票据转让中，转让汇票的背书人与受让汇票的被背书人在汇票上的签章依次前后衔接。....(please sign in for more)

(75). Article 32 Where a bill of exchange is negotiated by endorsement, the subsequent party shall be liable for the authenticity of the endorsement of his immediate prior party.

第三十二条以背书转让的汇票，后手应当对其直接前手背书的真实性负责。....(please sign in for more)

(76). A subsequent party means a person liable for an instrument who puts his signature thereto after it is signed by another.

后手是指在票据签章人之后签章的其他票据债务人。....(please sign in for more)

(77). Article 33 No condition may be attached to the endorsement. Any conditions attached to the endorsement shall have no effect of a bill.

第三十三条背书不得附有条件。背书时附有条件的，所附条件不具有汇票上的效力。....(please sign in for more)

(78). An endorsement which transfers a part of the sum payable by the bill of exchange or separately transfers the sum payable by the bill to two or more endorsees shall be void.

将汇票金额的一部分转让的背书或者将汇票金额分别转让给二人以上的背书无效。....(please sign in for more)

(79). Article 34 Where an endorser writes "non-negotiable" on a bill of exchange and his subsequent party negotiates it by endorsement, the endorser shall not bear responsibility for guaranty to the endorsee of the said subsequent party.

第三十四条背书人在汇票上记载"不得转让"字样，其后手再背书转让的，原背书人对后手的被背书人不承担保证责任。....(please sign in for more)

(80). Article 35 Where in an endorsement "by procuration" is written, the endorsee is entitled to exercise the mandated rights on the bill of exchange on the endorser’s behalf. However, the endorsee may not negotiate the rights on the bill by endorsement.

第三十五条背书记载"委托收款"字样的，被背书人有权代背书人行使被委托的汇票权利。但是，被背书人不得再以背书转让汇票权利。....(please sign in for more)

(81). A bill of exchange may be laid in pledge, provided that "value in pledge" is written in the endorsement when the bill is laid in pledge. The endorsee may exercise the rights on the bill when exercising his right of pledge according to law.

汇票可以设定质押;质押时应当以背书记载"质押"字样。被背书人依法实现其质权时，可以行使汇票权利。....(please sign in for more)

(82). Article 36 A bill of exchange may not be negotiated by endorsement, if it is not accepted or paid or if the time limit for presentment for payment expires. The endorser shall bear liability on the bill if it is negotiated in spite of all this.

第三十六条汇票被拒绝承兑、被拒绝付款或者超过付款提示期限的，不得背书转让;背书转让的，背书人应当承担汇票责任。....(please sign in for more)

(83). Article 37 An endorser is liable for guaranteeing the acceptance and payment of the bill of exchange held by his subsequent party after he negotiates the bill by endorsement. The endorser shall pay off the sum and expenses, as stipulated in Articles 70 and 71 of this Law, to the holder in case of non-acceptance or non-payment of the bill.

第三十七条背书人以背书转让汇票后，即承担保证其后手所持汇票承兑和付款的责任。背书人在汇票得不到承兑或者付款时，应当向持票人清偿本法第七十条、第七十一条规定的金额和费用。....(please sign in for more)

(84). Article 38 "Acceptance" is the act of a drawee of a bill of exchange who promises to pay the sum on the bill at the maturity of the bill.

第三十八条承兑是指汇票付款人承诺在汇票到期日支付汇票金额的票据行为。....(please sign in for more)

(85). Article 39 Where a bill of exchange is drawn payable at a fixed date or at a fixed period after the date of issue, the holder shall present the bill to the drawee for acceptance before the date of maturity.

第三十九条定日付款或者出票后定期付款的汇票，持票人应当在汇票到期日前向付款人提示承兑。....(please sign in for more)

(86). Presentment for acceptance" is the act of a holder who presents the bill of exchange to the drawee and demands a promise of payment from the drawee.

提示承兑是指持票人向付款人出示汇票，并要求付款人承诺付款的行为。....(please sign in for more)

(87). Article 40 Where a bill of exchange is drawn payable at a fixed period after sight, the holder thereof shall present the bill to the drawee for acceptance within one month after the date of issue.

第四十条见票后定期付款的汇票，持票人应当自出票日起一个月内向付款人提示承兑。....(please sign in for more)

(88). Where a bill of exchange is not presented for acceptance within the prescribed period, the holder thereof shall lose the right of recourse against his prior parties.

汇票未按照规定期限提示承兑的，持票人丧失对其前手的追索权。....(please sign in for more)

(89). No presentment for acceptance is needed for a bill of exchange payable at sight.

见票即付的汇票无需提示承兑。....(please sign in for more)

(90). Article 41 In respect of a bill of exchange presented for acceptance, the drawee shall accept or refuse to accept it within three days after receipt of the bill.

第四十一条付款人对向其提示承兑的汇票，应当自收到提示承兑的汇票之日起三日内承兑或者拒绝承兑。....(please sign in for more)

(91). On receiving a bill of exchange presented for acceptance by the holder, the drawee shall write out a receipt to the holder. The receipt shall specify the date of presentment for acceptance and shall be signed.

付款人收到持票人提示承兑的汇票时，应当向持票人签发收到汇票的回单。回单上应当记明汇票提示承兑日期并签章。....(please sign in for more)

(92). Article 42 When accepting a bill of exchange, the drawee shall write "accepted" and the date of acceptance on the front of the bill and sign it. In the case of a bill of exchange payable at a fixed period after sight, the date of payment shall be recorded at the time of acceptance

第四十二条付款人承兑汇票的，应当在汇票正面记载"承兑"字样和承兑日期并签章;见票后定期付款的汇票，应当在承兑时记载付款日期。....(please sign in for more)

(93). .Where the date of acceptance is not specified on a bill of exchange, the last day of the period specified in the first paragraph of the preceding Article is the date of acceptance.

汇票上未记载承兑日期的，以前条第一款规定期限的最后一日为承兑日期。....(please sign in for more)

(94). Article 43 When accepting a bill of exchange, the drawee may not attach any conditions thereto. An acceptance to which a condition is attached is deemed non-acceptance.

第四十三条付款人承兑汇票，不得附有条件;承兑附有条件的，视为拒绝承兑。....(please sign in for more)

(95). Article 44 After accepting a bill of exchange, the drawee shall bear the liability for paying the bill at its maturity.

第四十四条付款人承兑汇票后，应当承担到期付款的责任。....(please sign in for more)

(96). Article 45 The liability on a bill of exchange may be guaranteed by a guarantor.

第四十五条汇票的债务可以由保证人承担保证责任。....(please sign in for more)

(97). The guarantor shall be any person other than the one already liable for the bill.

保证人由汇票债务人以外的他人担当。....(please sign in for more)

(98). Article 46 A guarantor must specify the following particulars on the bill of exchange or on an allonge:

第四十六条保证人必须在汇票或者粘单上记载下列事项:....(please sign in for more)

(99). (2)the name and domicile of the guarantor;

(二)保证人名称和住所;....(please sign in for more)

(100). (5)signature of the guarantor.

(五)保证人签章。....(please sign in for more)