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(1). Among the Chinese dances, the folk dance is the greatest in number, the most extensive and the deepest into life, and the closest to everyone’s daily life.

我国舞蹈系列中数量最多，介入生活领域最广泛最深入，和每个人的生活道路联系最紧密的，当数民俗舞蹈这一支。

(2). Folk dance covers a wide area, including most of the dances involved in various ethnic and folk customs and activities

民俗舞蹈范围很广，大凡依附于各民族传统风俗活动的舞蹈

(3). Such as production, the occasions to mark the climate and other natural phenomena of the seasons, marriage and funerals, beliefs and religions.

如生产劳动、岁时节令、婚丧礼仪、信仰崇拜等等民俗活动中的舞蹈都包含在内。

(4). This kind of dance originated from the embryonic period of the dance art and still exists today, forming the so-called folk dance.

这类舞蹈导源于舞蹈艺术的萌芽期，至今仍大量存在，构成我们今天习惯称之为民间舞蹈的一大门类。

(5). Of course, today folk dances appear more in festivals for entertainment, and their original meaning is either weakened or completely lost.

当然，今天的民间舞蹈已大多用于节日文化娱乐，原有的意蕴已经淡化甚至消失

(6). But the root of these dances are all deeply connected with folk activities that used to be popular in various ethnic groups.

但追索这些舞蹈的根底，则大多离不开民族生活中曾经盛行过的民俗活动。

(7). Dance has been a loyal companion of mankind on his way toward higher civilizations.

舞蹈与人类风雨同舟、悲欢与共，真诚地追随着人类前进道路上的每一步。

(8). Through the long course of history, dance accompanied mankind from birth to lying peacefully in the earth.

在漫长的历史年代里，舞蹈伴随一个人的孕育出生起，直至病死葬埋

(9). At every step of life, there is always the faithful companion dance.

在人生历程的每一个重要关节，几乎都有舞蹈相伴。

(10). Folk dances enliven the life course and escorts every member of the society from birth to life’s end.

民俗舞蹈有声有色地装点着生活道路，厮伴着每一个社会成员从出生一直走到人生的尽头。

(11). The folk dances that connect to the climate and other natural phenomena of the seasons are the most common.

依附于岁时节令中的民俗舞蹈是人们所最熟悉和常见的。

(12). At present, most ethnic groups perform their traditional dances during the Spring Festival (or New Year of each nationality), which is now an art gala of China.

现在各民族传统舞蹈大多在春节(或年节)期间活动，从而使春节成为我们民族的一大艺术盛会。

(13). But in the past, there were many festivals related to the seasons.

但在过去，节令活动很多

(14). Almost every festival must have music and dance among the varied performances.

而且每个节日几乎都有歌舞或其他技艺的参予。

(15). For instance, historical records show that in Beijing during the Ming and Qing dynasties

例如明清时的北京，据史书记载

(16). "there are fairs (such as hanging a flag, playing the hayfork, yangko dance, dragon and lion dance, flower drum, etc.)in all four seasons, and every month." (See Notes of the Old Capital.)

当时"大抵四时有会(指植幡、使叉、秧歌、龙狮、花鼓等演出。--笔者)，每月有会。"(见《旧京琐记》)

(17). The Notes on the Capital by Chance also records that "in the capital, the people visit the Baita Temple after the first day of the first lunar month.

《京师偶记》也载:"京师正月朔日后游白塔寺

(18). They then go to Xiyuan to watch the Lama dance and wrestling, and to swing at the Zhantan Temple.

他们望西苑，旃坛寺看跳喇嘛，打秋千。

(19). At the Lantern Festival, there are lantern markets at Qianmen and Liulichang.

元宵节前门灯市，琉璃厂灯市

(20). People go to the Zhengyang Gate to touch its round nails.

正阳门摸钉

(21). They watch firecrackers at the Five-Dragon Pavilion, dance yangko

五龙亭看烟火，唱秧歌

(22). Enjoy the Baolao dance,they buy yuanxiao

跳鲍老，买粉团。

(23). In February and March people go to the Gaoliang (Sorghum)Bridge to admire the early green grass,to the Wanliu Garden to listen to the larks and play the konghou (a stringed instrument), or offer incense at the Zhuozhou Temple.

二三月高梁桥踏青，万柳堂听莺，弄箜篌，涿州庙进香迎驾。

(24). In april, the plum flowers bloom in the Western Hills; a fair sends away the spring.

四月西山看李花……送春赛会。

(25). In May, people tour the Gold Fish Pond, offer incense at Zhongding and the Yaowang (God of Medicines)Temple.

五月游金鱼池，中顶进香，药王庙进香。

(26). In June, there is a ceremony at the Xuanwu Gate, the lotus flowers are the best in the West Lake.

六月宣武门看洗象，西湖赏荷。

(27). On the night of the Zhongyuan Festival (or Ghost Festival)in July, every street is set with firecrackers, light fragrant incense, and lotus leaf lanterns.

七月中元夜，街市放焰口，点蒿子香，燃荷叶灯。

(28). In the Mid-autumn Festival of august, people walk under the moonlight and buy the traditional toy of a rabbit king.

八月中秋节踏月，买兔儿王。

(29). September is the time for climbing tall mountains, looking for chrysanthemum in the flower market, and watching the soldiers from the royal Eight Banners to drill at the foot of the city wall.

九月登高，花儿市访菊，城墙下看八旗操演

(30). Women put little golden lamps on their hairpins.

妇女簪挂金灯。

(31). Dances for the gods will start in November.

十一月跳神。

(32). In December, people offer flowers to the Buddhas and play the Taiping (Peace)Drum".

十二月卖像生花供佛，打太平鼓。

(33). Historically, temple fairs, offering incense and greeting the Buddhas, were joined by folk dance troupes (called Xianghui, Huahui or Huanghui).

其中的庙会、进香、迎驾，一般都有民间舞队(称香会或花会、皇会)参加，著

(34). Among the most famous was the temple fair at the Niangniang (Goddess)Temple of Miaofeng Mountain.

名的如妙峰山娘娘庙会。

(35). Dance troupes from hundreds of miles away would gather to present their best arts.

方圆百里的会档都来朝山进香，表演各种技艺。

(36). It’s not an exaggeration to say "Fairs were held in every season and every month".

可见"四时有会，月月有会"并非虚夸之词。

(37). Apart from these national festivals, each ethnic group also has its own folk customs related to the climate and seasons, which are also accompanied by music and dance.

除这些全国性的节日外，各民族中还有许多民族节令，也大多有歌舞活动相伴

(38). A good example is the Bai nationality in Yunnan. according to a survey of the Bai Nationality Folk Dance (December 1994, by the Yunnan Ethnic Groups Press)

例如云南的白族，据《白族民间舞蹈》(云南民族出版社1994年12月版)的调查

(39). One of the major festivals of the Bai nationality is the "Raosanling" (april 22 to 24, this and all following dates are of the lunar calendar)

白族的主要节日有"绕三灵"(四月二十二至二十四日，农历，下同)

(40). Which includes dances and antiphonal singing contests like the Bawangbian (Rattle Stick Dance), Bajiaogu (Octagonal Drum), and Shuangfeiyan (Double Flying Swallows).

内含有霸王鞭、八角鼓、双飞燕等舞蹈及对歌

(41). It is said that "tens of thousands of people join the dance".

"舞者成千上万"。

(42). Another major festival for the Bai nationality is the "Sanyuejie Folk Festival" (March 15 to 21)

"三月街民族节"(三月十五至二十一日)

(43). Including horse racing, antiphonal singing, and big-scale folk dance.

有赛马、对歌和大型群众性歌舞活动。

(44). The festival of "Tianjiale" (Happy Farmer)is also called "Zaiyangmen" (Gate of Planting Seedlings), and its date is flexible with the time of planting rice seedlings.

"田家乐"或称"栽秧门"(日期随插秧日而定)

(45). This festival includes "Bainiao Chaowang" (all Birds Pay Tribute to the Phoenix), "Bawangbian" (Rattle Stick Dance), and "Yuqiaogengdu" (Fisherman, Woodman, Farmer and Scholar).

有"百鸟朝王"、"霸王鞭"、"渔樵耕读"等歌舞。

(46). The festival of "Shibao Mountain Singing Fair" (July 25 to august 1)features antiphonal singing, sanxian (a three-stringed instrument), Bawangbian, Buddhist dance, sorcery dance, and Taoist dance.

"石宝山歌会"(七月二十五日至八月一日):对歌、弹三弦、霸王鞭、佛教舞或巫舞、洞经乐。

(47). The "Huobajie" (Torch Festival)(June 25)features dragon boat contest, torch performance, Bawangbian and other folk dances.

火把节"(六月二十五日):赛龙船、耍火把、霸王鞭、民族歌舞。

(48). The "Haidenghui" (Sea Lamp Fair)(July 22 to 23)sets the Dragon King lamp, play the Bawangbian, and stage the dragon and lion dances.

"海灯会"(七月二十二至二十三日):点龙王灯、打霸王鞭、耍龙、耍狮。

(49). The "Benzhujie" is also called "Benzhuhui" (Festival of the God)(in January, March, July or august, as according to different regions).

"本主节"或称"本主会"(正、三、七、八月，各地不同)

(50). It has the god dance, sorcery dance, Bawangbian, singing songs on the God Ben.

有跳神舞、巫舞、霸王鞭、唱大本曲等。

(51). The multi-dance tradition in the Bai nationality is not a single example, but represents a general phenomenon.

白族这种节令习俗中多歌舞的现象，并不是个别的，而具有普遍性

(52). Some festivals of ethnic groups are directly named by its chief dance.

有些民族节日，甚至就以歌舞来命名

(53). The "Baishou" (Swaying arms)Festival of the Tujia nationality is chiefly celebrated with the "Baishou Dance".

如土家族的"摆手"，就以"摆手舞"作为节日的主要活动。

(54). Thus the traditional festivals of ethnic groups are often grand fairs of ethnic music and dances.

因此，民族的传统节日，往往也就是民族歌舞的盛大集会。

(55). Another major part of the folk dance is composed of dances related to food production and life.

民俗舞蹈中的另一大项，就是和生产劳动、人生道路相关的各类歌舞。

(56). An ancient philosopher said that "food and reproduction are basic human natures".

古哲有云:"食色性也"

(57). The fundamental requirements of human existence and development are the production of materials and ourselves.

人类生存和发展的最基本要求就是物质需求的生产，和人类自身的生产(繁衍)。而这两方面

(58). The two hence became the most common subjects in the dances of various ethnic groups.

也就成了各民族民俗舞蹈中表现得极为频繁的主题。

(59). Dances related to production can be found in every nationality.

和生产劳动相关联的歌舞活动，可说各族都有

(60). In the agricultural regions, the dances often represent the farming life and express hopes for good weather and ample harvest.

只是农业地区多表现农事和祈求风调雨顺、五谷丰登的舞蹈

(61). Such dances can be found in the Shehuo, yangko, Caicha (Picking Tea Leaves)of the Han nationality

如汉族的社火、秧歌、采茶

(62). The Moguai (Frog)Dance of the Zhuang nationality, and the Niuwang (Cow King)Dance of the Buyi nationality.

壮族的蟆拐(青蛙)舞，布依族的牛王舞等等。

(63). In the mountainous regions, the people have more dances on paying tribute to the God of Mountain, and there are also many dances imitating various animals.

而在山区猎民中，则多祭山神和拟兽舞蹈

(64). Such dances are like the "Xiangbaga" (Dance to Offer Sacrifices to the God of Hunting)of the Nu nationality

如怒族的"香巴嗄"(祭猎神舞)....(please sign in for more)

(65). The "Jishenhui" (Fair to Pay Tribute to the God of Mountain)of the Oroqen nationality, and the Bear Dance of the Ewenki nationality.

鄂伦春族的"祭(山)神会"，鄂温克族的熊舞等等。....(please sign in for more)

(66). The fishermen who make a living on the sea have dances relating to the ocean species and the gods of the sea (one most famous goddess is the Mazu worshipped along the southeastern coast).

依海为生的渔民，则有各种表现水族的舞蹈和祭祀海神(如东南沿海的妈祖)的舞蹈....(please sign in for more)

(67). Two such dances are the "Wujiuli" (Nine Carp Dance)in Fujian Province, and "Jihaiwu" (Dance to Pay Tribute to the Sea)in Hainan Province.

如福建的《舞九鲤》，海南的《祭海舞》等等。....(please sign in for more)

(68). The people who live in the dense forests of the Changbai Mountains of Jilin Province celebrate every March 16 (of the lunar calendar)as the "Muba Festival".

吉林长白山林区以农历三月十六日为"木把节"....(please sign in for more)

(69). It’s also known as the "Laobatou Festival" or the "God of Mountain Festival".

它也叫老把头节或山神节。....(please sign in for more)

(70). "Muba" is a term the local lumbermen call themselves.

"木把"是当地伐木工人的自称....(please sign in for more)

(71). According to the legends passed down through generations of lumbermen, the Laobatou was named Sun Liang.

据伐木工人世代相传，老把头叫孙良。....(please sign in for more)

(72). In the early Qing Dynasty, people of the Han nationality were forbidden to enter the forests of Northeast China.

清初封禁时代，不准汉人进入东北林区....(please sign in for more)

(73). Through numerous guards and difficulties, Sun Liang finally entered the forests and started a new life for himself and other new-comers.

官兵稽查很严，独有孙良冒险入林谋生，为后人开辟了生路。....(please sign in for more)

(74). The annals of the Linjiang County (a hand-written copy stored in the cultural bureau of the county)actually contains a poem written by Sun Liang.

在旧《临江县志》(县文化馆藏手抄本)中刊有孙良的一首自述诗....(please sign in for more)

(75). My home was in Laiyang and my name was Sun.

家住莱阳本姓孙....(please sign in for more)

(76). I crossed seas and rivers to search for ginseng.

翻江过海来挖参。....(please sign in for more)

(77). For three days I only found one Lalagu (an insect)to eat, and what a sad life I am living!

三天吃个啦啦咕(昆虫)，教我伤心不伤心!....(please sign in for more)

(78). If anyone needs my help, trace the ancient river up into the mountains.

嗣后有人来找我，顺着古河往上寻。....(please sign in for more)

(79). Anyone lost in the mountains will get my guidance."

入山再有迷路者，我当作为引路人。"....(please sign in for more)

(80). It is said that Sun Liang had silver-white hair and a long beard.

传说中的孙良白发银须....(please sign in for more)

(81). His look was kind, just like his heart.

他面容慈祥，就像他的心地一样....(please sign in for more)

(82). He often helped others and after he died, his spirit would hold a "Suoba stick" to guide the poor people to find the "Bangchui" (ginseng).

他乐于助人，死后终年手持"索拔棍"在山林中引导放山的穷汉挖掘"棒槌"(人参)....(please sign in for more)

(83). He protected the mountain residents and guided the lost to their way back

他护卫山民安全，把迷路者带出森林....(please sign in for more)

(84). The local lumbermen regarded him as a hero of the forest and the god of the Changbai forests.

林业工人认为他生是放山英雄，死后就成了掌管长白山林的山神。....(please sign in for more)

(85). The "Muba Festival" originated from this old belief.

木把节即由此信仰而起。....(please sign in for more)

(86). During this festival, the lumbermen gather to pay tribute to Sun Liang.

每到这一天，林业工人就要集会祭祀他....(please sign in for more)

(87). After the rituals, they start the vigorous "Muba Dance"

仪式以后，就由工人们跳起豪迈粗犷的"木把舞"。....(please sign in for more)

(88). The dance reflects the production customs of the forests, and also pays tribute to the god of their trade in the hope of safe production and prosperous trade.

这种舞蹈反映林区的生产习俗，也有祭祀行业神--祈求生产安全、行业兴旺发达的内涵。....(please sign in for more)

(89). The love and marriage of the young are another theme of folk dances.

反映青年男女恋爱婚俗是民俗舞蹈的另一主旋律。....(please sign in for more)

(90). In the early societies of each ethnic groups, including the ancient Han nationality before the strict moral system took control of their daily life

在各民族的早期社会中--包括受礼教控制前的汉族....(please sign in for more)

(91). Music and dance were the main media between a girl and a young man’s courtship, engagement and marriage.

青年男女的交往、定情、婚配，几乎都是以歌舞为媒介促成的。....(please sign in for more)

(92). There are many festivals especially set for the young to get to know each other and to fall in love.

有不少节日，似乎就是为男女间相识交往、谈情说爱的需要而形成的....(please sign in for more)

(93). The most popular such festivals are the "Sanyuesan" (March 3)

如很多民族都有的节日"三月三"....(please sign in for more)

(94). "Tiaoyue" (Moon Dance), "Tiaoyue" (Music Dance), "Caihuashan" (Picking Flowers at the Mountains)and "Tiaolingtou" (Dance at the Mountain Range).

以及"跳月"、"跳乐"、"采花山"、"跳岭头"等等。....(please sign in for more)

(95). These festivals include music and dance.

这些节日和歌舞如影随形....(please sign in for more)

(96). There are both dances for the festivals and festivals for the dances.

可以说是节日的舞蹈，也可说是舞蹈的节日。....(please sign in for more)

(97). In the folk dances about daily life, the funeral dance also gets a considerable share of recognition.

在生活民俗舞蹈中，丧事舞蹈也占有相当大的比重。....(please sign in for more)

(98). Like the marriage dance, the funeral dance is also varied and diversified.

和婚俗舞蹈一样，丧事舞蹈同样五花八门，样式繁多。....(please sign in for more)

(99). An example is the Va nationality in Yunnan Province. The funeral dance of this nationality includes

仅以云南佤族的丧舞为例，这个民族的丧舞就有....(please sign in for more)

(100). The "Zhugan (Bamboo Post)Dance", usually held at the funeral of an elderly person who commanded high regard and influence in the village.

《竹竿舞》，一般在寨中有威望、有影响的老人死后举行....(please sign in for more)