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(1). Corona-speak
和冠状病毒有关的信息传达
(2). How to frame public health messages so people hear them
如何构建公共卫生信息，让人们听到
(3). 1:Imagine that America is preparing for the outbreak of an unusual Asian disease that is expected to kill 600 people.
2:Two alternative responses are proposed.
3:Assume that the consequences of the programmes are as follows: if option A is adopted, 200 people will be saved.
4:If B is chosen, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that none will be.
5:Which would you choose.
2:Two alternative responses are proposed.
3:Assume that the consequences of the programmes are as follows: if option A is adopted, 200 people will be saved.
4:If B is chosen, there is a one-third probability that 600 people will be saved and a two-thirds probability that none will be.
5:Which would you choose.
1:想象一下，美国正在为一种罕见的疾病爆发做准备，这种疾病预计将导致600人死亡。
2:提出了两种备选方案。
3:假设两个方案的结果如下：如果选择A，将拯救200人。
4:如果选B，则有三分之一的概率600人获救，三分之二的概率一个也救不了。
5:你会选择哪一个。
2:提出了两种备选方案。
3:假设两个方案的结果如下：如果选择A，将拯救200人。
4:如果选B，则有三分之一的概率600人获救，三分之二的概率一个也救不了。
5:你会选择哪一个。
(4). Now assume a different pair of options. If C is implemented, 400 people will perish; if D is preferred, there is a one-third probability that nobody will die and a two-thirds probability that 600 people will. Which will you choose now?
现在假设还有两个其他不同的选项。如果实施C计划，将有400人死亡；如果选择D计划，没有人死亡的概率是1 / 3，600人死亡的概率是2 / 3。你现在会选择哪一个？
(5). 1:If you are like most people, you chose A in the first scenario, and D in the second.
2:If you stopped and deliberately did the maths, though, or have read Daniel Kahneman’s “Thinking, Fast and Slow”, you will have noticed that the two scenarios are identical: A and C offer the same outcome, as do B and D.
3:Mr Kahneman won the Nobel prize in economics for his pioneering work (with the late Amos Tversky) in behavioural economics, which focuses on how people’s choices are swayed by a host of factors that should not affect decision-making, but perennially do.
4:The first two paragraphs above are taken from a survey the two researchers conducted in 1981, eerily presaging today’s pandemic.
2:If you stopped and deliberately did the maths, though, or have read Daniel Kahneman’s “Thinking, Fast and Slow”, you will have noticed that the two scenarios are identical: A and C offer the same outcome, as do B and D.
3:Mr Kahneman won the Nobel prize in economics for his pioneering work (with the late Amos Tversky) in behavioural economics, which focuses on how people’s choices are swayed by a host of factors that should not affect decision-making, but perennially do.
4:The first two paragraphs above are taken from a survey the two researchers conducted in 1981, eerily presaging today’s pandemic.
1:如果你和大多数人一样，在第一种情况下选择A，在第二种情况下选择D。
2:然而，如果你停下来，有意地计算一下，或者读过丹尼尔?卡内曼的《思考，快与慢》，你会发现这两种情况是相同的：A和C的结果是一样的，B和D也是一样的。
3:卡内曼因其在行为经济学方面的开创性工作（与已故的阿莫斯?特沃斯基合作）而获得诺贝尔经济学奖，行为经济学关注的是人们的选择如何受到一系列因素的影响，这些因素本不应影响决策，但却始终会影响决策。
4:上面的前两段摘自这两位研究人员在1981年进行的一项调查，它诡异地预示了如今的疫情。
2:然而，如果你停下来，有意地计算一下，或者读过丹尼尔?卡内曼的《思考，快与慢》，你会发现这两种情况是相同的：A和C的结果是一样的，B和D也是一样的。
3:卡内曼因其在行为经济学方面的开创性工作（与已故的阿莫斯?特沃斯基合作）而获得诺贝尔经济学奖，行为经济学关注的是人们的选择如何受到一系列因素的影响，这些因素本不应影响决策，但却始终会影响决策。
4:上面的前两段摘自这两位研究人员在1981年进行的一项调查，它诡异地预示了如今的疫情。
(6). 1:The glitches in human psychology that the pair identified include “negativity bias”: bad outcomes loom larger in people’s minds than positive ones.
2:That is why A appeals (“200 people will be saved”), whereas the identical but differently framed C (“400 people will die”) does not; focusing on the negative pushes three-quarters of people away from this choice.
3:This effect interacts with another one: willingness to gamble.
4:People will not gamble with a sure thing in hand (200 living people) but they will take a risk to avoid certain losses (400 dead).
2:That is why A appeals (“200 people will be saved”), whereas the identical but differently framed C (“400 people will die”) does not; focusing on the negative pushes three-quarters of people away from this choice.
3:This effect interacts with another one: willingness to gamble.
4:People will not gamble with a sure thing in hand (200 living people) but they will take a risk to avoid certain losses (400 dead).
1:这两位科学家发现，人类心理中的小毛病包括“消极偏见”：在人们的脑海中，消极的结果比积极的结果更突出。
2:这就是为什么A会留下这样的印象(“200人将被拯救”)，而C会留下这样的印象(“400人将死去”)；关注负面因素会让四分之三的人远离这个选择。
3:这种效应与另一种相互作用：赌博的意愿。
4:人们不会拿着一件有把握的东西(200的存活人数)去赌博，但他们会冒险避免某些损失(400的死亡人数)。
2:这就是为什么A会留下这样的印象(“200人将被拯救”)，而C会留下这样的印象(“400人将死去”)；关注负面因素会让四分之三的人远离这个选择。
3:这种效应与另一种相互作用：赌博的意愿。
4:人们不会拿着一件有把握的东西(200的存活人数)去赌博，但他们会冒险避免某些损失(400的死亡人数)。
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