Lines from an ode by the 14th century Chinese poet, Sadul, of the Yuan Dynasty . The first half of the ode reads: From the ramparts of the Stone City One sees the sky brooding low over the land of Wu and Chu, With nothing between to meet the eye

〔9〕这是借用公元十四世纪元朝人萨都剌所作《登石头城》调寄《念奴娇》词中的话。这首词的上阕是:“石头城上，望天低吴楚，眼空无物。

In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song Dynasty , staged a mutiny at Chenqiao about 20 km northeast of the city of Kaifeng. After deposing the emperor of the Later Zhou Dynasty, he established in Kaifeng his own regime of Song

960年，宋的开国君主越匡胤在开封城东北20千米的陈桥发动兵变，废掉了后周皇帝，在开封

The 400-year-old tree yields only a few dozen lychees per year and was known as the “king of fruit” when its produce was served as imperial tributes in the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), it said

报道称，这棵树龄400年的荔枝树每年只结几十个果实，在清朝(1644-1911)时作为进奉宫廷的贡品，被誉为“果中之王”。

The White Cloud Taoist Temple in Beijing had been in a state of disrepair since the end of the Qing Dynasty until China’s Taoist Association had it thoroughly renovated a couple of times after liberation

北京的白云观，清末以来殿堂破旧，一派凋残。经过中国道教协会的几次修缮，千年道观焕发青春。

The character Thomas Sutpen in absalom! absalom! has a similar life story, a story in which he attempts to found a family dynasty in Mississippi in the 19th century

长篇小说《押沙龙!押沙龙!》中的人物托马斯·塞德潘有着一段与此相似的生活经历，小说中此人试图在19世纪的密西西比州建立一个家族王朝。

Genghiz Khan’s first target was close at hand--the rich civilized lands of northern China, where the once powerful sung dynasty had ceased to have any influence

成吉思汗的第一个目标--统一富裕和文明的中国北方，即将实现。在那里，曾经强大的宋朝已经不再有任何影响力。

Legend refers the custom to the Tang Dynasty of China.

传说这一风俗起源于中国唐代。

The last of the mongol emperors fled to Mongolia, and in 1368 Chu proclaimed himself as Emperor Hong Wu, first of the Ming Dynasty

当最后一位蒙古皇帝逃到蒙古后，朱元璋于1368年建立明朝，乃开国皇帝，年号洪武。

Outside the hall is bronze tablet, on which 2564 characters were wngraved by calligraphers Wang Xiahi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (371-420)and Chu Suiliang of the Tang Dynasty(618-907)

殿外有铜碑一块，上铸书圣王羲之、唐代大书法家褚遂字迹共2564字，被视为全山之宝。

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), Wang Chong the thinker, in his Essays of Criticism or Lun’Heng in Chinese, recorded his observations of the tidal bore of Qiantang River like this

东汉思想家王充在《论衡》里，也记载了钱塘潮，并指出起潮的原因

Fang Tun-weng added an entry to his diary poking fun at his son for trying to imitate the Chou dynasty recluses Po Yi and Shu Ch’i by “not eating the grain of Chou.”

方遯翁日记上添了一条，笑儿子做“不食周粟”的伯夷叔齐。

According to the verification by Xu Bangda, an expert examiner of paintings and calligraphic works, the three copies were all imitated during the Song Dynasty (AD 420-479)of the Southern Dynasties Period (AD 420-589)

根据书画鉴定家徐邦达先生考证，三图均为宋人摹本。

Handicraft gauze lanterns present the demeanour of the Tang Dynasty .

工艺纱灯，唐代风采。

In 608, troops of the Sui Dynasty occupied Yiwu (Aratrk), built a city wall there, and established the three prefectures of Shanshan (modern Ruoqiang, or Qarkilik), Qiemo (southwest of modern Qiemo)and Yiwu (within the territory of modern Hami)

公元608年，隋军进驻伊吾，建筑城郭，设鄯善(今若羌)、且末(今且末西南)、伊吾(今哈密境内)三郡。

In the Han Dynasty , the famous calligrapher Cai Yong wrote about Jiuyi with deep feelings like this

汉朝蔡邕也感慨万千

During the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty , Cai Yong the famous calligrapher had spent many years at Peach Blossom Cave of Chenliu Village, practicing and perfecting his art

汉朝末年，著名书法家蔡邕，曾在开封陈留村桃花洞学练书法。

wooden screen paintings and wooden slipspaintings of Han Dynasty

汉代木板画和木简画

mural paintings in tombs of Han Dynasty

汉代墓室壁画

tomb sculptures of Han Dynasty

汉代墓室建筑雕刻

Zhang Heng (78-139)of the Han Dynasty invented a seismograph to determine the location of earthquakes and an armillary sphere that showed the movement of the sun, moon and other stars

汉代张衡发明了测定地震方位的地动仪和演示日月星辰的浑天仪。

religious philosophy of the Han dynasty

汉代宗教哲学

Later in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the poet Li Shangyin wrote satirically about King Xiang of Chu’s sentimentality in his poem Passing the Palace of Chu part of which reads as follows

后来，李商隐嘲笑襄王多情，在《过楚宫》诗写道

Precious sutras and other cultural relics in Huacheng and other temples include Palmleaf Manuscript of Buddhist sutras presented by Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

化成寺及其他寺院的历代珍藏有:梵文贝叶经，明代万历皇帝赠送的6777卷《涅槃经》。

Jia Taifu Ancestral Hall and Qingxiang Villa will be remodeled in accordance with the Ming and Qing styles, whereas Jia Taifu Residence will be rebuilt by imitating designs in the brick paintings from Han Dynasty

贾太傅祠和清湘别墅按明清风格重修，贾太傅宅则按汉代画像砖图形仿建。

In addition, the equal-field system (the farmland system of the Tang Dynasty )and taxation system of payment in kind and labor were adopted, as well as the system of prefectural military commands

经济上推行“均田制”(唐朝田制)与“租庸调制”(唐朝赋税制度);军事上实行“府兵制”(唐朝军事制度)。

The construction of the temples on the mountain started in the Tang dynasty and their expansion continued in the following dynasties

九华山自唐代开山建庙，以后不断扩建。

The old dynasty has been restored.

旧王朝已复辟。

Tang Dynasty pottery vases with three-color glaze have a traditional Chinese style and are very attractive.

具有中国传统风味的唐三彩花瓶，引人注目。

In the late Qing Dynasty when Lin Zexu, the governor of Hunan and Guangdong who sought unsuccessfully to suppress the British-supported opium trade, was exiled to Xinjiang, he worked hard to have new karez systems constructed

据说，当年林则徐被发配新疆，曾大力推广这种水利设施。

According to historical records, the five colossal characters were actually inscribed by a scholar named Xiao Xian, a jin’shi or third-degree scholar who was one of the 32 most accomplished calligraphers of the Ming Dynasty

据资料记载，“天下第一关”乃明朝进士肖显所书。肖显是当时全国32位著名书法家之一。

post road [Tang Dynasty]

驿道

Decrees of the Jin Dynasty

晋令

straight road [Qin Dynasty]

直道

agrarian law of the Han Dynasty

田律

money order used in Tang Dynasty

飞钱

statutes and rules of the Tang Dynasty

唐代法规

criminal punishments in the Shang Dynasty

汤刑

statues and ordinances of the Qing Dynasty

清代法规

Han Mao was a physician of the Ming Dynasty

韩矜是明代医学家

statutes and regulations of the Sui Dynasty

隋代法规

statutes and regulations of the Jin Dynasty

金国法规

statutes and regulations of the Song Dynasty

宋代法规

household levies in silk in the Yuan Dynasty

丝料

statutes and regulations of the Liao Dynasty

辽国法规

written imperial admonition in the Ming Dynasty

诰

the four medical departments in the Tang Dynasty

唐代四科

whipping and branding punishment in the Liao Dynasty

鞭烙

civil action in ancient China before the Han Dynasty

诉

amendments added to original code in the Qing Dynasty

律例

private international law in the Tang Dynasty of China

中国唐代的国际私法

a sort of classified official documentation in the Qing Dynasty

寄信

redemption of punishment according to rules in the Ming Dynasty

例赎

death sentence for crimes of less importance in the Ming Dynasty

杂犯死罪

silver currency paid to Yuan Dynasty rulers as tax payment in real

包银

practiced in the Qing Dynasty from central down to the county level

大计

ordinances on farmland water conservancy adopted in the Song Dynasty

农田利害条约

appointment of officials by the Board of Civil Service in the Ming Dynasty

听选

handy bills, similar to today’s bills of exchange, used in Southern Song Dynasty

便钱会子

administrative rules on office affairs inside a feudal board in the Tang Dynasty

留司格

a kind of criminal penalty in the Qin Dynasty, in which the offender was forced to watch for enemy movements

候