Bhutto Constitution and Pakistan’s Federalism

《布托宪法》与巴基斯坦联邦制

Dwight:american clergyman, author, and educator who was a leading supporter of Federalism and served as president of Yale University (1795-1817). His grandson Timothy (1828-1916)was also president of Yale (1886-1899).

德怀特:美国神职人员、作家和教育家,联邦制的主要支持者,曾任耶鲁大学校长(1795-1817年).他的祖父德姆西(1828-1916年)也曾担任过耶鲁校长(1886-1899年).

Of or relating to Federalism or Federalists.

联邦党的，联邦党党员的

Of,relating to,or supporting Federalism or the Federalist Party.

联邦党的是(支持)联邦主义或联邦党的或与其有关的

Federalism : An Observation of CPC’s Early Programmes and Policies

联邦制:中国共产党早期纲领与政策的一个观察

Of or relating to federalism or its advocates.

联邦主义的，联邦主义者的

On Paradigm of Federalism and China’s State Structure

联邦主义理论与我国的国家结构

An advocate of federalism .

联邦主义者联邦主义的拥护者

The Formation of National Party Systems: Federalism and Party Competition in Canada, Great Britain, India, and the United States

全国性政党体系的形成:加拿大、英国、印度、美国的联邦制与政党竞争

The discussion in this chapter, however, will be limited to the constitutional dimensions of federalism

然而，本章所讨论的问题将会限定在联邦制的宪法范围之内。

The Role of Unfunded Mandates in Fiscal Federalism and the Contents and Effectiveness of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

无财源提供强制责任在财政联邦主义之角色-兼论“无财源提供强制责任改革法”的内容与执行成效

Something approaching a three-way federalism embracing all levels of government may be said to exist

一种包括所有各级政府，有点类似三方面的联邦主义，可以说已经存在了。

Thus, while federalism imposes few restraints today on the national government, it continues to circumscribe severely the actions of state governments

因此，联邦制在很少限制国家政府的同时，继续严格限制州政府的行为。

To a great extent, the idea of federalism has its impact through the political process

在很大程度上，联邦制在整个政治进程中都有它的影响。

In short, federalism is both a problem and a useful tool

总之，联邦制既存在着问题又是个有用的工具。

||1:Mr Peaa’s people rightly say that the rule of law cannot be imposed in Mexico overnight.||2:But that is no excuse for inaction today.||3:Iguala is not the only town where criminals run the police: in such places, the federal government should take temporary control of the police and administration.||4:Mr Peaa should lead an effort to clean up state police forces and local courts.||5:A bill to make the attorney-general’s office independent and to create an anti-corruption agency should be fast-tracked.||6:Federalism in Mexico needs change, too: states and municipalities raise almost no funds of their own and are not held to account for their spending.||7:It is an indictment of all three main political parties that the elements in Mr Peaa’s reform pact to make politicians accountable have yet to be approved.

||1:培尼亚派人公正的说,不能强求墨西哥的法治一夜之间有所改变。||2:但是，这并不是不采取行动的理由。||3:伊瓜拉并不是唯一一个警察与罪犯勾结的城市，在这些地方,联邦政府应采取使用临时的警察并且加强政府的控制。||4:培尼亚应该努力清理国家警察部队和地方法院。||5:一项法案使总检察长办公室独立且创建一个反腐机构，这些应该会很快就能见效。||6:同时，墨西哥的联邦制也应该改变。州和市政当局筹集的几乎没有其自己的资金，且政府应该不承担为他们支出的责任。||7:在培尼亚的改革条例中有一个对于三个主要政党的公诉，而主要负责的政客们还尚未同意。

||1:The neatest answer to these grievances would be for Spain formally to embrace federalism , with a federal senate and clear rules about who collects which taxes.||2:Federalism would mean each region was equal, with the same rights and obligations.||3:But it has been a dirty word in Spain since a failed federal government in 1873-74.||4:A messier, but more feasible, alternative would be to accept that some regions—Catalonia, the Basque country and perhaps Galicia—should have more autonomy than the rest and be recognised as cultural nations within Spain.||5:Doing this would require a national pact to revise the constitution.After the Catalan vote, Mr Rajoy would be wise to set that process in motion.

||1:针对这些不满，西班牙最直接的解决方案就是正式建立联邦制，设立参议院，并明确征税体制。||2:而联邦的建立将意味着地区平等，享有同等权利，履行同等义务。||3:事实上早在1873-74就已尝试过建立联邦，却以失败而告终，从那以后西班牙一直把联邦制当做污浊腐败的代名词。||4:因此选择一个相对较次但更可行的办法将更容易为人接受——允许卡泰罗尼亚、巴斯克和加利西亚等一些地区享有更多自治权，并承认其各自的文化。||5:若采取这一措施，西班牙需要制定一个宪法修改协定，而且拉霍伊最好在卡泰罗尼亚非正式公投后就行动起来。

He should also study the UAE’s federalism .

王储应该研究阿联酋的联邦制。

"Federalism secures the freedom of the individual, " a unanimous Court ruled.

“联邦制度保护个人自由”，整个最高法院一致同意。

Intrastatutory Federalism and Statutory Interpretation: State Implementation of Federal Law in Health Reform and Beyond Abbe R. Gluck

《法内联邦主义与法律解释：联邦健康改革法在各州的实施及其超越》，阿贝•R•格鲁克

Fiscal federalism has always been the focal point of intergovernmental relations.

财政联邦主义一直是府际间关系变化最为主要的核心议题。

Federalism : From the Perspective of Dual Path and Dual Operation of Federalization

从联邦化的双向进路与两面运作看西方联邦制

Yet if the euro zone needs more fiscal federalism to survive, politics seems to preclude a Maastricht-style leap towards integration.

但是如果欧元区需要更多的财政联邦化，国内政治似乎会阻止类似马斯特里赫特条约风格的大步整合。

On Debt Financing Power of Local Government within Fiscal Federalism

地方举债权与财政联邦制的思考

Much depends on whether the League will achieve its fiscal federalism , and, if it does, how it uses its new powers.

很大程度上看联盟党是否能够实现财政自主，并且如果能够实现，那又该如何利用它的新权利呢？

And if small, wealthy Belgium cannot make federalism work, how can the EU?

既然面积狭小但很富裕的比利时都不能让联邦制良好运转，那欧盟怎样做到这一点呢？

Combined with improving living standards, this narrative has been used to justify a shift away from federalism .

连同生活水平的提高，集权统治也被用来使脱离联邦制变得合法。

Federalism envisaged as the permanent answer to a war-ravaged Europe may be last century’s dream.

联邦制被想象成是对被战争蹂躏的欧洲的终极答案或许是上个世纪的梦想。

The proper position of federalism is between the completely separated autonomy and highly centralized unitary system.

联邦制的恰当定位是介于完全分离的自治体与高度集权的单一制之间。

Federalism state is a society built on multi-culture, but economy globalization pricks up the multi-cultural conflicts of Federalism state.

联邦制国家是一个建立在多元文化基础上的社会，但经济全球化却加剧了联邦制国家多元文化的矛盾冲突。

neo-federalism

新联邦主义

world federalism

世界联邦主义

fiscal federalism

n.财政联邦主义

cooperative federalism

合作联邦主义