dextrose:The dextrorotatory form of glucose , CHO·HO, found naturally in animal and plant tissue and derived synthetically from starch.

〞右旋糖:葡萄糖的右旋形式,CHO·HO,在动、植物组织中自然存在并可由淀粉人工合成.〞

In 1906 Harden and Young, in a series of classic studies on the fermentation of glucose to ethanol and CO2 by extracts of brewer’s yeast, made the following observations.

1906年Harden和Yang在对啤酒酵母的提取物中葡萄糖发酵成酒精和CO2.的过程进行了一系列经典研究，作出了下列观察

The clinical symptoms of the two forms of galactosemia-deficiency of diner galactokinase or UDP-glucose →glucose 1-phosphate uridylyl translerasc-show radically different, severity.

半乳糖血症的临床征兆的两种形式-用餐者的半乳糖激酶或者UDP-葡萄糖→葡萄糖-1-磷酸尿苷酰转移酶有着明显的不同。

Case B The patient develops vomiting and diarrhea after ingestion of milk. His blood is found to have a low concentration of glucose but a much higher than normal concentration of reducing sugars.

病例B:病人在摄入牛奶后呕吐和腹泻。在他的血液中发现有低浓度的葡萄糖，但是有高于正常浓度的还原糖。

Case C The patient is lethargic and her liver is enlarged. A liver biopsy shows large amounts of excess glycogen. She also has lower than normal blood glucose . Why does the patient have low blood glucose?

病例C:病人嗜睡并且肝脏变大。肝脏活组织检测显示有大量的过剩肝糖原。同时她的血糖浓度偏低。为什么该病人的血糖偏低?

burley found labeled glucose and fructose in equimolar amounts

波里发现等克分子量的示踪葡萄糖和果糖。

Aside from allowing the detection of smaller quantities of glucose , what advantage does glucose oxidase offer over Fehling’s reagent for the determination of blood glucose?

除了测定小量的葡萄糖外，葡萄糖氧化酶法与Fehling试剂比较，在血液葡萄糖测定上有什么优势?

This enzyme is highly specific for the β anomer of glucose and does not affect the α anomer.

此酶对葡萄糖的β异头物高度特异，而不影响其α异头物。

The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated fromn the mold Penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of α-D-glucose to D-glucono-δ-lactone.

从霉菌Penicillium notatum中分离出的葡萄糖氧化酶可催化α-D-葡萄糖转化为D-葡萄糖-δ-内酯。

Most green plants make the kind of sugar called glucose

大部分绿色植物都制造称为葡萄糖的这种糖。

To metabolize(glucose ,for example)in the body.

代谢体内的新陈代谢(例如葡萄糖)

But hydrogen is not easy to make, for producing it by amylum glucose is of too high a cost, while the method of decomposing organic material by bacteria is hard to industrialize

但是氢气不容易制取，用淀粉葡萄糖产生氢气的成本太高，细菌降解生物物质的方法又难以工业化。

When A lactose tolerance test is administered, the patient ingests a standard amount of lactose, and the glucose and galactose concentrations in blood plasma are measured at intervals.

当给予乳糖耐受检验,病人摄入标准量的乳糖，隔一段时间后测量血浆中葡萄糖和半乳糖的浓度。

When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, no bisphosphohexose accumulated, but the fermentation proceeded until all the glucose was converted to ethanol and CO2.

当砷酸取代了磷酸，没有二磷酸己糖的积累，但是发酵会一直进行直到所有的葡萄糖转化为酒精和CO2为止。

An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.

低血糖症血液中葡萄糖不正常地低含量

They are polysaccharides with the general chemical formula (C6H10O5)n, where n may range from 100 to several thousand; the constituent monosaccharides are glucose units made in photosynthesis.

淀粉是一种多醣，基本化学式是(C6H10O5)n，n的范围自一百至数千，其组成单醣为光合作用中制造的葡萄糖单体。

Fermentation: Process that allows respiration to occur in the absence of oxygen. Biologically, it allows cells to obtain energy from molecules (e.g., glucose )anaerobically. Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, is a form of fermentation.

发酵:在无氧情况下因呼吸而产生的过程。在生物学上，指细胞内催化的产生能量的过程，在这过程中葡萄糖之类燃料分子进行无氧分解。“酵解”(葡萄糖的分解)是发酵的一种形式。

The fructose in honey is mainly in β-D-pyranose form. This is one of the sweetest substances known, about twice as sweet as glucose .

蜂蜜中的果糖主要是β-D-吡喃形式。这是已知的最甜的物质，其甜度是葡萄糖的两倍。

A carbohydrate resembling starch that is composed of glucose and forms the reserve foodstuff of certain algae.

副淀粉，类淀粉，裸藻淀粉一种类似淀粉的碳氢化合物，由葡萄糖构成并保留了某些藻类植物的营养成分

The biomedical breakdown of glycogen to glucose .

肝糖水解，糖原分解作用糖原转化成葡萄糖的生物医理分解

A polysaccharide(C6H10O5)n,that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and occurs primarily in the liver and muscle tissue.It is readily converted to glucose as needed by the body to satisfy its energy needs.

肝糖糖原，(C6H10O5)n，构成碳水化合物贮存在动物体组织中的主要形式，主要存在于肝和肌肉，可备来转化成葡萄糖以补充身体所需能量

The nurse injected glucose into his veins

护士将葡萄糖注入他的静脉。

Living cells catabolize glucose so that at least one step, and better several

活细胞异化葡萄糖时至少有一个过程，更好的有好几个过程。

Hexokinase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of glucose by cells. If the molar concentration of hexokinase in our eukaryotic cell is 20μM, how many glucose molecules are available for each hexokinase enzyme molecule to metabolize?

己糖激酶是细胞代谢葡萄糖的一个重要的酶。如果其在真核细胞中的摩尔浓度为μM，每个己糖激酶分子能够代谢多少个葡萄糖分子?

Calculate the ratio of [Pi] to [glucose 1-phosphate] when the reaction is at equilibrium. (Hint: The removal of glucose units from glycogen does not change the glycogen concentration.)

计算:当反应达到平衡时[Pi]和[1-磷酸葡萄糖]的比例。(提示:肝糖原转化成葡萄糖单位不会改变肝糖原的浓度)

Suggest a way to solve this problem. (.Hint: Sucrose is muchless soluble than a mixture of glucose and fructose.)

建议一种解决这个问题的方法。(提示:蔗糖的溶解度比葡萄糖和果糖的混合物的溶解度低得多。)

People with beriberi, a disease caused by thiamin deficiency, have elevated levels of blood pyruvate and a-ketoglutarate, especially after consuming a meal rich in glucose . How are these effects related to thiamin deficiency?

脚气病是一种维生素缺乏症，脚气病人的血液中有高水平的丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸，尤其是在进食了一顿富含葡萄糖的食物之后。这些症状如何与维生素B1的缺乏有关?

Explain why an equimolar mixture of D-glucose and D-fructose formed by hydrolysis of sucrose is called invert sugar in the food industry.

解释为什么蔗糖水解产生的D-葡萄糖和D-果糖等摩尔的混合物在食品工业上称为转化糖?

Although they have markedly different physical properties, both substances are composed of (1→4)-linked D-glucose polymers of comparable molecular weight.

尽管它们有明显不同的物理性质，两种物质都是由(1→4)-连接的D-葡萄糖的分子量相当的聚合物。

In spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose-that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β-and a-D-glucose. How is this possible?

尽管有此种特异性，葡萄糖氧化酶催化的反应还是常用于临床上测定血液中的葡萄糖，也就是说，测定由α-D-葡萄糖和β--D-葡萄糖组成的混合物。这是如何进行?

glucose syrup

n.葡萄糖浆,淀粉糖浆

manno glucose

n.甘露葡萄糖

glucose sensor

葡萄糖传感器

glucose fondant

葡萄糖(制的糖)晶膏

carrier glucose

n.载体葡萄糖

dimethyl glucose

n.二甲基葡萄糖

glucose infusion

n.葡萄糖液输注

powdered glucose

葡萄糖粉

xylosido glucose

n.报春花糖

oral glucose load

口腔位置

glucose isomerase

葡糖异构酶

trigalloyl glucose

n.三部酰葡萄糖

pentapropyl glucose

n.五丙基葡糖

pentagalloyl glucose

n.黄锫酰单宁

pentabutyryl glucose

五丁酰葡糖

glucose dehydrogenase

n.葡糖脱氢酶

fasting blood-glucose

n.空腹血糖

fasting blood glucose

n.空腹血糖

fasting plasma glucose

n.空腹血糖

salicylaldehyde glucose

n.水杨醛葡萄糖

microcrystalline glucose

n.微晶葡萄糖

glucose enzyme transducer

酶[式]葡萄糖传感器

trigalloyl acetone glucose

n.三酰丙酮葡萄糖

aero-glucose dehydrogenase

n.需氧葡萄糖脱氢酶

hypertonic glucose injection

n.高渗葡萄糖注射液

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

葡糖6-磷酚脱氢酶,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶

cerebral metabolic rate for glucose

n.脑葡萄糖代谢率

maximal tubular rebsorption of glucose

n.肾小管葡萄糖最大重吸收量

glucose-insulin-potassium salt solution

葡萄糖胰岛素钾盐溶液