(3)Supervise and administer according to law the securities‑related activities of securities issuers , listed companies, stock exchanges, securities firms, securities registration and settlement institutions, securities investment fund management institutions, securities investment consultation institutions, and credit evaluation institutions, as well as law firms, accounting firms, and asset evaluation institutions involved in the securities business;

(三)依法对证券发行人、上市公司、证券交易所、证券公司、证券登记结算机构、证券投资基金管理机构、证券投资咨询机构、资信评估机构以及从事证券业务的律师事务所、会计师事务所、资产评估机构的证券业务活动,进行监督管理;

(5)Distributing the rights and interests of securities as entrusted by issuers ;

(五)受发行人的委托派发证券权益;

Terms such as "first class," "well known," "qualified," "independent," "official," "competent," "local" and the like, shall not be used to describe the issuers of any document(s)to be presented under a Credit.

不应使用诸如"第一流"、"著名"、"合格"、"独立"、"正式"、"有资格"、"当地"及类似意义的用语来描述信用证项下应提交的任何单据的出单人的身份。

Article 151. Securities registration and settlement organizations shall supply the list of securities owners and other relevant information to the securities issuers .

第一百五十一条证券登记结算机构应当向证券发行人提供证券持有人名册及其有关资料。

If the aforementioned issuers do not duly announce their marketing documents or submit relevant reports, they are to be ordered by securities regulatory bodies to make corrections and are to pay a fine of more than 50,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan.

前款发行人未按期公告其上市文件或者报送有关报告的,由证券监督管理机构责令改正,对发行人处以五万元以上十万元以下的罚款。

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 1: Numbering system

识别卡 发行者标识 第1部分:编号系统

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 1: Numbering system; Technical Corrigendum 1

识别卡 发行者标识 第1部分:编号系统 技术勘误1

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 2: Application and registration procedures

识别卡 发行者标识 第2部分:申请和登记规程

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 1: Numbering system

识别卡.发行人的识别.第1部分:数字系统

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 2: Application and registration procedures

识别卡.发行人的识别.第2部分:应用和注册程序

Identification cards. Identification of issuers . Part 2 : application and registration procedures.

识别卡.发行者的识别.第2部分:应用和记录规程

Identification cards. Identification of issuers . Part 1 : numbering system.

识别卡.发证者的识别.第1部分:编号系统

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 1: Numbering system (ISO/IEC 7812-1-1993);

识别卡.卡发行人标识.第1部分:编码系统

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 2: Application and registration procedures (ISO/IEC 7812-2:1993);

识别卡.卡发行人标识.第2部分:使用和登记方法

Identification cards--Identification of issuers --Part 1: Numbering system

识别卡发卡者标识第1部分:编号体系

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 1: Numbering system (ISO/IEC 7812-1-1993

识别卡发行者标识第1部分:编号系统

Identification cards-Identification of issuers -Part 2: Application and registration procedures (ISO/IEC 7812-2:1993

识别卡发行者标识第2部分:申请和登记规程

Article 177. Issuers of securities that have been approved for transaction on the market according to relevant stipulations of this law but who have failed to disclose relevant information according to relevant regulations or the information disclosed by them is false, misleading, or contains important omissions, are to be ordered by securities regulatory bodies to make corrections, and are to pay a fine of more than 300,000 yuan but less than 600,000 yuan.

依照本法规定,经核准上市交易的证券,其发行人未按照有关规定披露信息,或者所披露的信息有虚假记载、误导性陈述或者有重大遗漏的,由证券监督管理机构责令改正,对发行人处以三十万元以上六十万元以下的罚款。

A long period of cheap finance makes it less likely that issuers will be forced to default in the short term, and the reduced likelihood of default makes it more attractive for investors to hold bonds.

长期的低成本融资让债券发行方短期内违约的可能性大大降低，违约可能性的降低又会吸引更多投资者持有债券。

But Michael Milken and his team at Drexel Burnham Lambert, an investment bank, discovered there was a market for high-yield debt from new issuers , often in connection with companies making takeover bids.

但是，德瑞债券的迈克尔米尔肯为高利债券发行者发现了新的市场，而这通常和公司收购行动密不可分。

In the past investors typically bought junk bonds at a discount to their face value; they hoped that the profits on bonds that were repaid at maturity would offset the losses on the few issuers that defaulted.

过去，投资者都是以折扣价买入垃圾债券，他们希望债券到期的收益能够抵消部分违约发行者带来的损失。

||Oil and gas companies have been particularly enthusiastic issuers , according to Marcus Hiseman of Morgan Stanley, especially in the “Yankee” market where foreign businesses sell bonds, priced in dollars, mainly to American investors.|| Previously many foreign firms would issue debt in euros and swap the proceeds into dollars, but regulatory restrictions on banks make that much more expensive these days. This year 72% of investment-grade issuance has been in dollars, compared with 58% in 2009, according to Morgan Stanley.

据摩根士丹利的Marcus Hiseman表示，石油和天然气公司一直是特别积极的发行者，尤其是在美国市场，外国公司主要向美国投资者售卖以美元计价的债券。此前，许多外国公司用欧元发行债券，之后将受益转换成美元，但是对银行的监管限制规定使得这种做法在现在变得很昂贵。根据摩根士丹利的数据，今年72%的投资级发行都是以美元计价，相比之下去年只有58%。

That allows issuers to take advantage of growing optimism about their prospects to reissue bonds at lower interest.

这也就使得发行方可以利用投资者不断高涨的乐观情绪，以更低的利率发行债券。

"Over the past few years, warrant issuers have been putting a lot of effort into marketing and education about risk and return. "

“过去几年，权证发行人付出大量努力进行营销宣传，并进行有关风险和回报的教育。”

"Comodo Hacker" claims also to have cracked security at three other (so far unnamed) issuers .

“科莫多黑客”还声称破坏了其他三家证书网站的安全系统（迄今为止还没公布名称）。

"Spreads were wide, which attracted investors, but absolute levels of interest rates were low, which suited issuers , " says Mr Rosenberg.

“利差曾很大，虽然吸引了投资者，但绝对利率水平很低，也适应了发行者。”罗森伯格说。

"Where we are concerned is the extremely short track record of many new issuers . "

“我们担心的问题是，很多新的债券发行者业绩记录时间都极短。”

Issuers are likely to include strong banks repaying capital to the government and institutions that want to buy failed banks, Dunne said.

Dunne表示，发行者可能包括偿还政府注资的大银行及想收购破产银行的机构。

PartnersFirst’s business model is markedly different from that of most card issuers .

PartnersFirst的商业模式与绝大多数信用卡公司存在着巨大差别。

The report says: "Average merchant fees are about 60 basis points, meaning little profit for [credit card] issuers . "

报告称：“平均收单费率约为60个基点，这意味着（信用卡）发行机构者只有微薄的利润。”