The Meanings and Development of Humanist Manifestos of U. S. A.

美国<人文主义宣言>内涵及其发展

This flamboyant and aggressive group of artists put more importance on manifestos than any other

这伙花哨、活跃的艺术家比其他任何画派都更重视宣言。

||1:As backroom special advisers do now, the author wrote speeches, drafted and redrafted policy papers, and negotiated electoral manifestos , all the while observing the foibles of his front-of-stage bosses.||2:In what is clearly the emotional heart of the book, he chronicles the turbulence surrounding the decline and fall of Old Labour, the fight against the hard left, the economic debacle of the mid-1970s and the disastrous election of 1979—all with a keen eye for strategy and personality.||3:There is delight in small details: the chill that settled on a lunch party when the young jobseeker had the temerity to hit the croquet ball of Roy Jenkins, a Labour grandee, into the flower bed, or Crosland’s views on the inanities of ambassadors’ wives.

||1:就像如今幕后特别顾问所从事的工作一样，作者当时也写演讲稿，对政策文件起草了又起草，协商选举宣言，同时观察着台上领袖的缺点。||2:运用自己对策略和人性的敏锐感，他在编年史内写下老工党衰退和倒台那段时期的骚乱，反左派的斗争，也记录下二十世纪七十年代中期的经济崩溃，1979年那场极糟的选举。||3:有些细节很明了：在午餐会上一名年轻的求职者鲁莽地把工党贵族Roy Jenkins的槌球打进了花圃里的事，亦或是Crosland关于大使夫人的浅薄方面的一些言论。

||1:The launch of the coalition was accompanied by ambitious talk of a grand realignment of Britain’s political centre.||2:Mr Cameron hailed “not just a new government, but a new politics”, one in which “the national interest is more important than the party interest” and “where co-operation wins out over confrontation”.||3:The partners declared the coalition agreement “more radical and more comprehensive” than their own electoral manifestos .||4:The coalition, some suggested, was not a compromise, but an ideal.||5:This brave new politics has given way to a cold war between the two sides.

||1:联合政府成立之际，双方曾豪言壮语地称其为英国政治中心的伟大改组。||2:卡梅隆曾赞道，这“不仅是一个崭新的政府，更是一套全新的政治”，该政府将奉行“国家利益高于党派利益”，“通力协作胜于对立斗争”的方针。||3:而自由民主党则宣称，相比自身的选举宣言，两党一致才“更为根本、更为普遍”。||4:但据部分人士称，联合政府无法妥协一致，而只是一番空想。||5:本该勇往直前的新政治已转变为双方之间的冷战。

||1:If there are a few strong contenders, the process starts to resemble a political campaign.||2:Candidates often write manifestos outlining their plans, and occasionally address the electorate at annual partners’meetings.||3:Behind the scenes, horse-trading abounds, as the candidates promise juicy posts to influential partners who can deliver a block of support from colleagues.||4:Each partner usually gets one vote, regardless of their equity stake.

||1:如果竞选中出现了多个强有力的竞争者，这个竞选过程就开始变得像一个政治运动。||2:候选人经常写下竞选宣言提出他们的计划，偶尔也会在每年的合作人会议上强调选举事宜。||3:但是在幕后，交易比比皆是，因为候选人会向具有影响力的能带来同事支持的合伙人承诺以丰厚的回报。||4:每个合伙人无论股权多少都只能投一票。

Regardless of the parties’ manifestos , a look at Britain’s accounts makes one thing clear: whoever wins on June 8th and whatever promises they make now, in the coming years the tax burden is likely to rise to its highest level in decades.

不管各党派的宣言，看一看英国账户就清楚一件事：无论谁在6月8日赢得了，不管他们现在承诺什么，来年税负有可能上升到近几十年来的最高水平。

Jeremy Purvis, of the pressure group Devo Plus, hopes that the unionist parties’ schemes will coalesce in the run-up to the referendum.|| He claims this will present voters with a clear set of commitments, to feature in all three main parties’ manifestos for the 2015 election, showing that a vote against separation is not a vote for the status quo.||

||压力集团Devo Plus的杰里米·珀维斯希望，统一派各党在公投的预备阶段就能将各方方案合而为一。他声称这将使选民看到一整套明确的承诺，并要求使其成为三个主要政党2015年大选宣言的重头戏，从而告诉选民，投票反对分裂并不等于投票支持维持现状。||

Like suicide notes, manifestos often portray the attacker’s actions as the only logical -- and even heroic -- act that they could choose.

就象自杀遗言，这类声明通常描述袭击者的行动，称这是他们唯一能选择的逻辑行为，甚至为极端英勇的行为。

If Britain kept electing coalitions, Mr Clegg mused, future manifestos might have to signal which pledges are more cherished than others.

克莱格想，如果英国继续选举联合政府，以后各党的宣言里要标注哪些诺言比较重要。

they think the main parties should campaign on coherent manifestos ;

他们希望主要政党应该有份条理清晰的竞选声明；

I think it would be useful to think about publishing these manifestos in a similar way that we cover suicide.

我想也许有帮助的是考虑以类似我们报道自杀的方式来发布这些声明。

Immigration merits about a page in each of the Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democrat manifestos .

移民问题值得在工党、保守党及自由党这三大党派的民主宣言中好好地占上一页。

It is just that their solutions these days need to be practical and local, free of grand theories and manifestos .

只是他们如今的方案仍需要更加的实用化和本地化，而不仅仅局限于其豪迈的理论与宣言。