通译比典:law与constitution之间的辨析

作为语言学专家，我将从语义内涵、法律层级和翻译实践三个维度解析这两个核心法律术语的差异：一、语义内涵差异 1. law（法律）： - 基础词义：指具有强制力的社会规范体系 - 外延特征：包含成文法与判例法，可指代单项法令（如criminal law） - 语用特点：日常使用频率较高，可泛指法律体系（the law） 2. constitution（宪法）： - 基础词义：特指国家根本大法 - 外延特征：规定政体结构、公民权利等基础性原则 - 语用特点：具有最高法律位阶性（如U.S. Constitution）二、法律层级关系构成金字塔式结构：宪法（constitution） ↓ ...(以上内容有节略,please sign in for more)

主题笔记

(1).中国译典 law constitution

n.

①[U]法；法律，法令;

扩展解释：【海运】

法法律

n. 【机械】

律,原理

n. 【法律专业】

法,法度,法律,律,司法界

n.

1. 法,法律[the S]2. (个别的)法律,法规[C][(+against)]3. (运动、艺术等的)规则,守则[C]4. (科学等的)法则,定律,原则[C]5. 法学,法律学[U]He studies law.,他研究法学。,6. 司法界,律师业[U][the S]7. 诉讼[U]8. 【口】警察;警官[the S][G]

n. 【化学】

法律,定则,法规,规程;起诉,控告

n.

①[C]宪法;

扩展解释：n. 【机械】

成分,情况

n.

1. 宪法;章程法规[C]2. 体质体格[C][U]3. (事物的)构造组成(方式)[C][U]4. (规章等的)制定;(团体等的)设立[U]

n. 【法律专业】

设立 ,宪法,大法 ,宪章,章程

【海运】

组成，构造，构成，成分章程，法规

【化学】

结构, 构造

(2).维基词典 law constitution

The body of binding rules and regulations, customs{{,}} and standards established in a community by its legislative and judicial authorities.

The body of such rules that pertain to a particular topic.

A binding regulation or custom established in a community in this way.

A rule, such as:

Common law, as contrasted with equity.

Any rule that must or should be obeyed, concerning behaviours and their consequences. mores.}}

A rule or principle regarding the construction of language or art.

A statement (in physics, etc) of an (observed, established) order or sequence or relationship of phenomena which is invariable under certain conditions. theory.}}

A statement (of relation) that is true under specified conditions; a mathematical or logical rule.

Any statement of the relation of acts and conditions to their consequences.

The control and order brought about by the observance of such rules.

A person or group that act(s) with authority to uphold such rules and order (for example, one or more police officers).

The profession that deals with such rules (as lawyers, judges, police officers, etc).

Jurisprudence, the field of knowledge which encompasses these rules.

Litigation, legal action (as a means of maintaining or restoring order, redressing wrongs, etc).

An allowance of distance or time (a head start) given to a weaker (human or animal) competitor in a race, to make the race more fair.

One of two metaphysical forces ruling the world in some fantasy settings, also called order, and opposed to chaos.

An oath sworn before a court, especially disclaiming a debt. wager of law", "wage one's law", "perform one's law", "lose one's law".}}

A tumulus of stones.

A hill.

To work as a lawyer; to practice law.

To prosecute or sue (someone), to litigate.

To rule over (with a certain effect) by law; govern.

To enforce the law.

To subject to legal restrictions.

An exclamation of mild surprise; lawks.

The act, or process of setting something up, or establishing something; the composition or structure of such a thing; its makeup.

The formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.

A legal document describing such a formal system.

The general health of a person.

A person's physique or temperament.

(3).韦伯斯特词典 law constitution

In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts.

In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature.

The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament.

An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community.

In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation.

In mathematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence.

In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist.

Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; - including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law.

Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice.

Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law.

An oath, as in the presence of a court.

Same as Lawe, v. t.

An exclamation of mild surprise.

The act or process of constituting; the action of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment; establishment; formation.

The state of being; that form of being, or structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure; texture; conformation.

The aggregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with reference to ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; as, a robust constitution.

The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament.

The fundamental, organic law or principles of government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of affairs.

An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or discipline; as, the constitutions of Justinian.

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