(In periods of stress, rabbit leg muscle produces much of its ATP by anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid fermentation )and very little by oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from fat breakdown.)

(在紧张时期，兔肌肉通过无氧糖酵解(乳酸发酵)产生大量ATP，很少从脂肪降解而得的乙酰辅酶A氧化产生ATP)。

Where would 14C have to be located in the starting glucose to ensure that all the 14C activity is liberated as 14CO2 during fermentation to ethanol? Explain.

14C必须定位在起始葡萄糖的哪个位置才能保证所有放射性14C都释放在CO2中?

In 1906 Harden and Young, in a series of classic studies on the fermentation of glucose to ethanol and CO2 by extracts of brewer’s yeast, made the following observations.

1906年Harden和Yang在对啤酒酵母的提取物中葡萄糖发酵成酒精和CO2.的过程进行了一系列经典研究，作出了下列观察

Izushi is based on the fermentation of fresh fish, rice, and vegetables by Lactobacillus spp. ; katsuobushi results from the fermentation of tuna by as pergillus glaucus.

Izushi是用新鲜的鱼肉,大米和蔬菜通过乳酸杆菌发酵而制得来。katsuobushi是由淡蓝色曲霉发酵金枪鱼而制得的。

microorganisms of amino acid fermentation

氨基酸发酵微生物

The act or process of heating a beverage or other food,such as milk or beer,to a specific temperature for a specific period of time in order to kill microorganisms that could cause disease,spoilage,or undesired fermentation .

巴氏杀菌法对饮料或其它食物，如牛奶或啤酒，加热到一定温度并持续一段时间以杀死可能导致疾病、变质或不必要的发酵的微生物的行为过程

Note that the overall reaction for this fermentation cannot involve the consumption of nicotin-amide coenzymes or citric acid cycle intermediates.

标明这个发酵的所有反应不包括尼克酰胺辅酶或者三羧酸循环中间产物的消耗。

Grape varieties range in skin color from deep purple through red to pale green. Red wines result when the crusb.ed grape skins, pulp, and seeds of purple or red varieties are allowed to remain with the juice during the fermentation period.

不同葡萄品种的表皮颜色会有深紫色、红色和浅绿色的区别。在发酵期间,把紫色或红色葡萄的破碎的表皮、果肉和种子保留在果汁中,就得到了红葡萄酒。

And if the tea leaves are subjected to withering, rolling and sorting, almost complete fermentation , firing and final sorting, then the conventional black tea is obtained.

茶叶经晾干、碾压、拣选、几乎完全的发酵、焙烤,再经过最后的分级,就得到了通常所说的红茶。

mao-tai, which is made in the Chishui river valley area in the northern part of Guizhou Province in southwest China, is known for its extremely special fermentation technique

产于中国西南贵州省北部赤水河谷地带的茅台酒，以酿制工艺十分独特而知名。

A swelling of the rumen or intestinal tract of cattle and domestic animals that is caused by excessive gas formation following fermentation of ingested watery legumes or green forage.

肠道炎牛和家畜因吞食的含水野菜或绿色饲料发酵而形成过多气体，造成的胃和肠道肿大

Sediment settling during fermentation ,especially in wine;dregs.

沉淀物发酵过程中澄清时产生的沉积物，尤指酒中的;残渣

Besides the fermentation of dairy products, a variety of meat products, especially sausage, can be fermented: country-cured hams, rammer sausage, salami, Lebanon bologna, and fish sauces (processed by Halophilic Bacillus species).

除了发酵乳制品外,各种肉制品,尤其是香肠也能被发酵,例如,乡村腌制火腿、夏季香肠、意大利腊肠、熏香肠、黎巴嫩大红香肠和鱼籽酱(由耐高盐的杆菌生产制得的)也都是发酵得来的。

Traditional methods include dehydration, smoking, salting, controlled fermentation (including pickling), and candying; certain spices have also long been used as antiseptics and preservatives.

传统的方法有脱水、烟熏、腌渍、发酵、蜜饯等，某些香料长久以来也被用作防腐剂来保存食物。

Vinegar: Sour liquid obtained by fermentation of dilute alcoholic liquids.

醋:用各种含酒精度低的溶液经发酵产生醋酸而制成的酸液。

Acetic acid is formed as an intermediate in the anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

醋酸是碳水化合物，蛋白质和脂肪在厌氧发酵时所形成的中间体。

An impure dilute solution of acetic acid obtained by fermentation beyond the alcohol stage and used as a condiment and preservative.

醋一种不纯的稀释的酸溶液，从超过酒精阶段的发酵获得，可用作调味品和保存剂

Most beers are fermented with bottom yeasts, related to Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, which settle at the bottom of the fermentation vat.

大多数啤酒是用下面酵母发酵而成的,酵母与嘉士伯酵母菌有关,并沉降于发酵缸底部的一种酵母。

But the religious fermentation of the world did not leave the supremacy of Zoroastrianism undisputed in the Persian Empire

但世间的宗教动荡并没有让袄教在波斯帝国享有不可争议的独尊地位。

But sucrose is also used extensively in fermentations, in bakery products where it is also largely used up in fermentation , and in pet food

但蔗糖也被广泛应用于发酵、焙烤食品和宠物食品。

When arsenate was substituted for phosphate, no bisphosphohexose accumulated, but the fermentation proceeded until all the glucose was converted to ethanol and CO2.

当砷酸取代了磷酸，没有二磷酸己糖的积累，但是发酵会一直进行直到所有的葡萄糖转化为酒精和CO2为止。

Constituting about 0.03% of air by volume, it is produced when carbon-containing materials burn completely, and it is a product of fermentation and animal respiration. Plants use CO2 in photosynthesis to make carbohydrates.

地球大气层次要组分(按体积约占万分之三)。在含碳物质燃烧、发酵和动物呼吸作用中形成。植物利用它进行碳水化合物的光合作用。

The fermentation of many sugars, alcohols, and glucosides by strains of P. multocida is quite variable

多余性巴氏杆菌各菌株对多种糖，醇，糖苷的发酵是很不同的。

Carbon dioxide can be obtained from carbonates, limestone, the burning of organic fuels, and industrial fermentation .

二氧化碳可从碳酸盐、石灰石、有机燃料燃烧以及工业发酵过程中制得。

Fermentation : Process that allows respiration to occur in the absence of oxygen. Biologically, it allows cells to obtain energy from molecules (e.g., glucose)anaerobically. Glycolysis, the breakdown of glucose, is a form of fermentation.

发酵:在无氧情况下因呼吸而产生的过程。在生物学上，指细胞内催化的产生能量的过程，在这过程中葡萄糖之类燃料分子进行无氧分解。“酵解”(葡萄糖的分解)是发酵的一种形式。

Wastewater from fermentation industry

发酵工业废水

The fermentation process also is used to create new, pleasing food flavors and odors.

发酵过程也被用于产生新的令人愉悦的食品风味与香味。

An agent that causes rising,fermentation ,or ferment;leaven.

发酵剂导致突起、发芽或发酵的制剂;发酵剂

“Fermentation continues for several weeks, and then the wine is drawn off (”racked“)into wooden barrels or other containers for a second fermentation (”aging“).”

发酵需经数周方能完成，将酒从桶中滗出，装入木桶或其它容器使之第二次发酵(熟化期)。

The fermentation , which can require 10 to 12 days, involves the development of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Enterococcus faecalis, pediococcus cerevisiae, Lactobacillus brevis, and L. plantarum.

发酵要求10～12天,包括肠膜样明串珠菌,粪链球菌,啤酒片球菌,短乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌的生长

fermentation vat

n.发酵地,反刍动物的瘤胃,猪或羊肚浸泡池

top fermentation

表层发酵

vat fermentation

n.发酵还原

fermentation like

n.发酵样

heap fermentation

堆积发酵(如可可豆)

main fermentation

知发酵酌, 症酵

gassy fermentation

n.产气发酵,气态发酵

after fermentation

补充发酵, 再发酵

fermentation fever

n.发酵热

fermentation plant

n.发酵装置,发酵车间工厂

fermentation medium

发酵培养基

bottom fermentation

n.下面发酵,深层发酵,底面发酵

silage fermentation

青饲料发酵

formic fermentation

甲酸发酵

fermentation chamber

n.发酵室,指后肠内具有共生微生物之膨大囊

aerobic fermentation

有氧发酵

alcohol fermentation

酒精发酵,乙醇发酵

sluggish fermentation

缓慢发酵, 延滞发酵

submerged fermentation

深层发酵, 浸没发酵

alcoholic fermentation

[化]酒精发酵

propionic fermentation

n.丙酸发酵

fermentation efficiency

发酵效率, 发酵能力

fermentation accelerator

发酵加速剂

hydrocarbon fermentation

n.烃发酵

organic acid fermentation

有机酸发酵

putrefactive fermentation

腐败发酵

single batch fermentation

单罐发酵, 单批发酵

propionic acid fermentation

丙酸发酵

mesophilic methane fermentation

中温甲烷发酵

fermentation stimulating substance

n.发酵刺激剂