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苏菲的世界|Sophie’s World

魔术师的礼帽|The Top Hat

属类： 双语小说 【分类】魔幻小说 -[作者: 乔斯坦·贾德] 阅读：[30830]
《 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 》
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……要成为一个优秀的哲学家只有一个条件：要有好奇心……

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苏菲很肯定那位写匿名信的人会再度来信。她决定暂时不要将这件事告诉任何人。

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如今，在学校上课时，她变得很难专心听课。他们所说的仿佛都是一些芝麻绿豆的事。他们为何不能谈一些诸如：“人是什么？”或“世界是什么，又何以会存在？”这类的事呢？她生平第一次开始觉得无论在学校或其他地方，人们关心的都只是一些芝麻琐事罢了。世上还有更重要的事有待解答，这些事比学校所上的任何科目都更重要。

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世上有人可以解答这些问题吗？无论如何，苏菲觉得思索这些问题要比去死背那些不规则动词更加要紧。

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最后一堂课的下课铃响起时，她飞快走出学校，快得乔安必须要跑步才能追上她。

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过了一会儿，乔安说：“今天傍晚我们来玩牌好吗？”苏菲耸了耸肩：“我不像从前那么爱玩牌了。”乔安听了仿佛被雷击中一般。

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“是吗？那我们来玩羽毛球好了。”苏菲垂下眼睛，看着人行道，而后抬起头看着乔安。

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“我对羽毛球也不是很有兴趣了。”“你不是说真的吗？”苏菲察觉到乔安语气中的不满。

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“你可不可以告诉我是什么事情突然变得那么重要？”苏菲摇摇头：“嗯……这是一个秘密。”“噢！你大概是谈恋爱了吧！”她们两个又走了一会儿，谁都没有说话。当她们走到足球场时，乔安说：“我要从斜坡这里走过去。”从斜坡走过去！没错，这是乔安回家最近的一条路，但她通常只有在家里有客人或必须赶到牙医那儿去的时候才从这儿走。

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苏菲开始后悔她刚才对乔安的态度不佳。不过她又能对她说些什么呢？说她是因为突然忙着解答自己是谁以及世界从何而来等问题，所以才没有时间玩羽毛球吗？乔安会了解吗？。

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这些都是世间最重要，也可以说是最自然的问题。但为何一心想着这些问题会如此累人？苏菲打开信箱时，感觉自己心跳加快。起先她只看到一封银行寄来的信以及几个写着妈妈名字的棕色大信封。该死！她居然开始疯狂地期待那个不知名的人再度来信。

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当她关上园门时，发现有一个大信封上写着她的名字。她把它翻过来要拆信时，看到信封背面写着：“哲学课程。请小心轻放。”苏菲飞奔过石子路，将书包甩在台阶上，并将其他信塞在门前的脚垫下，然后跑进后面的园子里，躲进她的密洞。唯有在这里，她才能拆阅这个大信封。

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雪儿也跟着跳进来。苏菲无可奈何，因为她知道雪儿是赶也赶不走的。

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信封内有三张打好字的纸，用一个纸夹夹住。苏菲开始读信。

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哲学是什么？

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亲爱的苏菲：人的嗜好各有不同。有些人搜集古钱或外国邮票刺绣，有些人则利用大部分的空间时间从事某种运动另外许多人以阅读为乐，但阅读的品位人各不同。有些人只看报纸或漫画，有些人喜欢看小说，有些人则偏好某些特殊题材的书籍，如天文学、自然生物或科技新知等。

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如果我自己对马或宝石有兴趣，我也不能期望别人都和我一样。如果我看电视体育节目看得津津有味，就必须忍受有些人认为体育节目很无聊的事实。

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可是，天底下是不是没有一件事是我们大家都感兴趣的呢？是不是没有一件事是每一个人都关切的——无论他们是谁或住在何处？是的，亲爱的苏菲，天底下当然有一些问题是每个人都有兴趣的。而这门课程正与这些问题有关。

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生命中最重要的事情是什么？如果我们问某一个正生活在饥饿边缘的人，他的答案一定是“食物”。如果我们问一个快要冻死的人，答案一定是“温暖”。如果我们拿同样的问题问一个寂寞孤独的人，那答案可能是“他人的陪伴”了。

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然而，当这些基本需求都获得满足后，是否还有些东西是每一个人都需要的呢？哲学家认为，答案是肯定的。他们相信人不能只靠面包过日子。当然，每一个人都需要食物，每一个人都需要爱与关怀。不过除了这些以外，还有一些东西是人人需要的，那就是：明白我们是谁、为何会在这里。

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想知道我们为何会在这儿，并不像集邮一样是一种休闲式的兴趣。

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那些对这类问题有兴趣的人所要探讨的，乃是自地球有人类以来，人们就辩论不休的问题：宇宙、地球与生命是如何产生的？这个问题比去年奥运会谁得到最多的金牌要更大，也更重要。

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探讨哲学最好的方式就是问一些哲学性的问题，如：这世界是如何创造出来的？其背后是否有某种意志或意义？人死后还有生命吗？我们如何能够解答这些问题呢？最重要的是，我们应该如何生活？千百年来，人们不断提出这些问题。据我们所知，没有一种文化不关心“人是谁”、“世界从何而来”这样的问题。

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基本上，我们要问的哲学问题并不多。我们刚才已经提出了其中最重要的问题。然而，在历史上，人们对每一个问题提出了不同的答案。因此，提出哲学问题要比回答这些问题更容易。

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即使是在今天，每个人仍然必须各自寻求他对这些问题的答案。你无法在百科全书查到有关“上帝是否存在？”与“人死后是否还有生命？”这些问题的答案。百科全书也不会告诉我们应该如何生活。不过，读一读别人的意见倒可以帮助我们建立自己对生命的看法。

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哲学家追寻真理的过程很像是一部侦探小说。有人认为安单森是凶手，有人则认为尼尔森或詹生才是。遇到犯罪案件，警方有时可以侦破，但也很可能永远无法查出真相(虽然在某个地方一定有一个破案的办法)。因此，即使要回答一个问题很不容易，但无论如何总会有一个(且仅此一个)正确答案的。人死后要不就是透过某种形式存在，要不就是根本不再存在。

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过去许多千百年的谜题如今都有了科学的解释。从前，月亮黑暗的那一面可说是神秘莫测。由于这不是那种可以借讨论来解决的问题，因此当时月亮的真实面目如何全凭个人想象。然而今天我们已经确知月亮黑暗的那一面是何模样。没有人会再“相信”嫦娥的存在或月亮是由绿色的乳酪做成等等说法了。

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两千多年前，一位古希腊哲学家认为，哲学之所以产生是因为人有好奇心的缘故。他相信，人对于活着这件事非常惊讶，因此自然而然就提出了一些哲学性的问题。

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这就像我们看人家变魔术一样。由于我们不明白其中的奥妙，于是便问道：“魔术师如何能将两三条白色的丝巾变成一只活生生的兔子呢？”许多人对于这世界的种种也同样有不可置信的感觉，就像我们看到魔术师突然从一顶原本空空如也的帽子里拉出一只兔子一般。

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关于突然变出兔子的事，我们知道这不过是魔术师耍的把戏罢了。我们只是想知道他如何办到而已。然而，谈到有关世界的事时，情况便有些不同了。我们知道这世界不全然是魔术师妙手一挥、掩人耳目的把戏，因为我们就生活在其中，我们是它的一部分。

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事实上，我们就是那只被人从帽子里拉出来的小白兔。我们与小白兔之间唯一的不同是：小白兔并不明白它本身参与了一场魔术表演。我们则相反。我们觉得自己是某种神秘事物的一部分，我们想了解其中的奥秘。

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P．S：关于小白兔，最好将它比做整个宇宙，而我们人类则是寄居在兔子毛皮深处的微生虫。不过哲学家总是试图沿着兔子的细毛往上爬，以便将魔术师看个清楚。

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苏菲，你还在看吗？未完待续……

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苏菲真是累极了。“还在看吗？”她甚至不记得她在看信时是否曾停下来喘口气呢！是谁捎来这封信？当然不可能是那位寄生日卡给席德的人，因为卡片上不但有邮票，还有邮戳。但这个棕色的信封却像那两封白色的信一样，是由某人亲自投进信箱的。

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苏菲看了看手表，时间是两点四十五分。妈妈还有两个多小时才下班。

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苏菲爬出来，回到园子里，跑到信箱旁。也许还有另一封信呢！她发现另一个写着她名字的棕色信封。这回她四下看了看，但却没有见到任何人影。她又跑到树林边，往路的那一头张望。

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那边也没有人。

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突然间她好像听到树林深处某根枝条“啪！”一声折断的声音。

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不过她并不是百分之百确定。何况，如果一个人决心要逃跑，再怎么追他也没有用。

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苏菲进入屋里，把书包和给妈妈的信放在厨房的桌子上，然后便跑上楼梯，进入她的房间，拿出一个装满美丽石子的饼干盒。她把那些石头倒在地板上，把两个大信封装进盒子里。然后又匆忙走到花园里，双手紧紧拿着饼干盒。临走时，她拿出一些食物给雪儿吃。

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“猫咪！猫咪！猫眯！”回到密洞中后，她打开了第二封棕色的信，取出几页才刚打好字的信纸。她开始看信。

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奇怪的生物

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嗨！苏菲，我们又见面了。诚如你所看见的，这门简短的哲学课程将会以一小段、一小段的形式出现。以下仍然是序言部分：我是否曾经说过，成为一个优秀哲学家的唯一条件是要有好奇心？如果我未曾说过，那么我现在要说：成为一个优秀哲学家的唯一条件是要有好奇心。

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婴儿有好奇心，这并不令人意外。在娘胎里短短几个月后，他们便掉进一个崭新的世界。不过当他们慢慢成长时，这种好奇心似乎也逐渐减少。为什么？你知道答案吗，苏菲？让我们假设，如果一个初生的婴儿会说话，他可能会说他来到的世界是多么奇特。因为，尽管他不能说话，我们可以看到他如何左顾右盼并好奇地伸手想碰触他身边的每一样东西。

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小孩子逐渐学会说话后，每一次看见狗，便会抬起头说：“汪！汪！”他会在学步车里跳上跳下，挥舞着双手说：“汪！汪！汪！汪！”我们这些年纪比较大、比较见多识广的人可能会觉得小孩子这种兴奋之情洋溢的样子很累人。我们会无动于衷地说：“对，对，这是汪汪。好了，坐着不要动！”看到狗，我们可不像小孩子那样着迷，因为我们早就看过了。

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小孩子这种行为会一再重复，可能要经过数百次之后，他才会在看到狗时不再兴奋异常。在他看到大象或河马时，也会发生同样的情况。远在孩童学会如何讲话得体、如何从事哲学性的思考前，他就早已经习惯这个世界了。

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这是很可惜的一件事，如果你问我的看法的话。

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亲爱的苏菲，我不希望你长大之后也会成为一个把这世界视为理所当然的人。为了确定起见，在这课程开始之前，我们将做两三个有关思想的测验。

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请你想象，有一天你去树林里散步。突然间你看到前面的路上有一艘小小的太空船，有一个很小的火星人从船舱里爬出来，站在路上抬头看着你……你会怎么想？算了，这并不重要。但你是否曾经想过你自己也是个火星人？很明显的，你不太可能突然撞见一个来自其他星球的生物。我们甚至不知道其他星球是否也有生物存在。不过有一天你可能会突然发现自己。你可能会突然停下来，以一种完全不同的眼光来看自己，就在你在树林里散步的时候。

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你会想：“我是一个不同凡响的存在。我是一个神秘的生物。”你觉得自己好像刚从一个梦幻中醒来。我是谁？你问道。你知道自己正行走在宇宙的一个星球上。但宇宙又是什么？如果你像这样，突然意识到自己的存在，你会发现自己正像我们刚才提到的火星人那样神秘。你不仅看到一个从外太空来的生命，同时也会打内心深处觉得自己的存在是如此不凡响。如果你不介意的话，苏菲，现在就让我们来做另一个思想上的测验。

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有一天早上，爸、妈和小同正在厨房里吃早餐。过了一会儿，妈妈站起身来，走到水槽边。这时，爸爸飞了起来，在天花板下面飘浮。小同坐在那儿看着。你想小同会说什么？也许他会指着父亲说：“爸爸在飞。”小同当然会觉得吃惊，但是他经常有这样的经验。

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爸爸所做的奇妙的事太多了，因此这回他飞到早餐桌上方这件事，对小同并没有什么特别，每天爸爸都用一个很滑稽的机器刮胡子，有时他会爬到屋顶上调整电视的天线。或者，他偶尔也会把头伸进汽车的引擎盖里，出来时脸都是黑的。好了，现在轮到妈妈了。她听到小同说的话，转身一瞧。你想她看到爸爸像没事人一般飘浮在餐桌的上方，会有什么反应？她吓得把果酱罐子掉在地上，然后开始尖叫。等到爸爸好整以暇地回到座位上时，她可能已经需要急救了。(从现在起，爸爸可真是该注意一下自己的餐桌礼仪了！)为何小同和妈妈有如此不同的反应？你认为呢？这完全与习惯有关。(注意)妈妈已经知道人是不能飞的，小同则不然。他仍然不确定在这个世界上人能做些什么或不能做些什么。

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然而，苏菲，这世界又是怎么回事呢？它也一样飘浮在太空中呀。你认为这可能吗？遗憾的是，当我们成长时，不仅习惯了有地心引力这回事，同时也很快地习惯了世上的一切。我们在成长的过程当中，似乎失去了对这世界的好奇心。也正因此，我们丧失了某种极为重要的能力(这也是一种哲学家们想要使人们恢复的能力)。因为，在我们内心的某处，有某个声音告诉我们：生命是一种很庞大的、神秘的存在。

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这是我们在学会从事这样的思考前都曾经有过的体验。

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更明白地说：尽管我们都想过哲学性的问题，却并不一定每个人都会成为哲学家。由于种种理由，大多数人都忙于日常生活的琐事，因此他们对于这世界的好奇心都受到压抑。(就像那些微生虫一般，爬进兔子的毛皮深处，在那儿怡然自得地待上一辈子，从此不再出来。)对于孩子们而言，世上的种种都是新鲜而令人惊奇的。对于大人们则不然。大多数成人都把这世界当成一种理所当然的存在。

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这正是哲学家们之所以与众不同的地方。哲学家从来不会过分习惯这个世界。对于他或她而言，这个世界一直都有一些不合理，甚至有些复杂难解、神秘莫测。这是哲学家与小孩子共同具有的一种重要能力。你可以说，哲学家终其一生都像个孩子一般敏感。

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所以，苏菲，你现在必须做个选择。你是个还没有被世界磨掉好奇心的孩子？还是一个永远不会如此的哲学家？如果你只是摇摇头，不知道自己究竟是个孩子还是哲学家，那么你已经太过习惯这个世界，以至于不再对它感到惊讶了。果真如此，你得小心，因为你正处于一个危险的阶段，这也是为何你要上这门哲学课的原因。因为我们要以防万一。我不会听任你变得像其他人一样没有感觉、无动于衷。我希望你有一个好奇、充满求知欲的心灵。

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这门课程是不收费的，因此即使你没有上完也不能退费。如果你中途不想上了，也没关系，只要在信箱里放个东西做信号就可以了。最好是一只活青蛙，或至少是某种绿色的东西，以免让邮差吓一大跳。

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综合我上面所说的话，简而言之，这世界就像魔术师从他的帽子里拉出的一只白兔。只是这白兔的体积极其庞大，因此这场戏法要数十亿年才变得出来。所有的生物都出生于这只兔予的细毛顶端，他们刚开始对于这场令人不可置信的戏法都感到惊奇。然而当他们年纪愈长，也就愈深入兔子的毛皮，并且待了下来。他们在那儿觉得非常安适，因此不愿再冒险爬回脆弱的兔毛顶端。唯有哲学家才会踏上此一危险的旅程，迈向语言与存在所能达到的顶峰。其中有些人掉了下来，但也有些人死命攀住兔毛不放，并对那些窝在舒适柔软的兔毛的深处、尽情吃喝的人们大声吼叫。

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他们喊：“各位先生女士们，我们正飘浮在太空中呢！”但下面的人可不管这些哲学家们在嚷些什么。

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这些人只会说：“哇！真是一群捣蛋鬼！”然后又继续他们原先的谈话：请你把奶油递过来好吗？我们今天的股价涨了多少？番茄现在是什么价钱？你有没有听说黛安娜王妃又怀孕了？

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那天下午，苏菲的妈妈回家时，苏菲仍处于震惊状态中。她把那个装着神秘哲学家来信的铁盒子很稳妥地藏在密洞中。然后她试着开始做功课，但是当她坐在那儿时，满脑子想的都是她刚才读的信。

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她过去从未这样努力思考过。她已经不再是个孩子了，但也还没有真正长大。苏菲意识到她已经开始朝着兔子(就是从宇宙的帽子中被拉出来的那只)温暖舒适的毛皮深处向下爬，却被这位哲学家中途拦住。他(或者说不定是她)一把抓住她的后脑勺，将她拉回毛尖(她孩提时代戏耍的地方)。就在那儿，在兔毛的最顶端，她再度以仿佛乍见的眼光打量这个世界。

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毫无疑问，这位哲学家救了她。写信给她的无名氏将她从琐碎的日常生活拯救出来了。

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下午五点，妈妈到家时，苏菲把她拉进起居室，将她推在一张安乐椅上坐下。

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她开始问：“妈，我们居然有生命，你不觉得这很令人惊讶吗？”她妈妈真是丈二金刚摸不着头脑，不知道该怎么回答。平常她回家时，苏菲多半在做功课。

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“我想是吧！有时候。”她说。

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“有时候？没错，可是——你不觉得这个世界居然存在是很令人惊讶的事吗？”“听着，苏菲，不要再说这些话。”“为什么？难道你认为这个世界平凡无奇吗？”“不是吗？多少总有一些吧？”苏菲终于明白哲学家说得没错。大人们总是将这个世界视为理所当然的存在，并且就此任自己陷入柴米油盐的生活中而浑然不觉。

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“你太习惯这个世界了，才会对任何事情都不感到惊奇。”“你到底在说些什么？”“我是说你对每一件事都太习惯了。换句话说，已经变得非常迟钝了。”“不要这样对我讲话，苏菲！”“好吧，我换一种方式说好了。你已经在这只被拉出宇宙的帽子的白兔毛皮深处待得太舒服了。再过一会儿你就会把马铃薯拿出来，然后就开始看报纸，之后打半个小时的盹，然后看电视新闻。”妈妈的脸上掠过一抹忧虑的神色。她走进厨房把马铃薯拿出来。过了一会儿，她便走回起居室，这次轮到她把苏菲推到安乐椅上坐下了。

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“我有事情要跟你谈。”她说。从她的声音听起来，苏菲可以猜到事情一定很严重。

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“你没有跑去跟人家嗑什么药吧？宝贝！”苏菲差一点笑出来。但她了解妈妈为什么会问她这个问题。

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“我又不是神经病，”她说，“那样只会让人变得更钝呀！”那天晚上，谁也没有再提起任何有关嗑药或白兔的事情。

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 the only thing we require to be good philosophers is the faculty of wonder...

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Sophie was sure she would hear from the anonymous letter writer again. She decided not to tell anyone about the letters for the time being.

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At school she had trouble concentrating on what the teachers said. They seemed to talk only about unimportant things. Why couldn’t they talk about what a human being is--or about what the world is and how it came into being?

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For the first time she began to feel that at school as well as everywhere else people were only concerned with trivialities. There were major problems that needed to be solved.

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Did anybody have answers to these questions? Sophie felt that thinking about them was more important than memorizing irregular verbs.

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When the bell rang after the last class, she left the school so fast that Joanna had to run to catch up with her.

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After a while Joanna said, "Do you want to play cards this evening?"

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Sophie shrugged her shoulders.

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"I’m not that interested in card games any more."

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Joanna looked surprised.

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"You’re not? Let’s play badminton then."

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Sophie stared down at the pavement--then up at her friend.

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"I don’t think I’m that interested in badminton either."

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"You’re kidding!"

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Sophie noticed the touch of bitterness in Joanna’s tone.

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"Do you mind telling me what’s suddenly so important?"

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Sophie just shook her head. "It’s ... it’s a secret."

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"Yuck! You’re probably in love!"

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The two girls walked on for a while without saying anything. When they got to the soccer field Joanna said, "I’m going across the field."

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Across the field! It was the quickest way for Joanna, but she only went that way when she had to hurry home in time for visitors or a dental appointment.

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Sophie regretted having been mean to her. But what else could she have said? That she had suddenly become so engrossed in who she was and where the world came from that she had no time to play badminton? Would Joanna have understood?

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Why was it so difficult to be absorbed in the most vital and, in a way, the most natural of all questions?

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She felt her heart beating faster as she opened the mailbox. At first she found only a letter from the bank and some big brown envelopes for her mother. Darn! Sophie had been looking forward to getting another letter from the unknown sender.

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As she closed the gate behind her she noticed her own name on one of the big envelopes. Turning it over, she saw written on the back: "Course in Philosophy. Handle with care."

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Sophie ran up the gravel path and flung her schoolbag onto the step. Stuffing the other letters under the doormat, she ran around into the back garden and sought refuge in the den . This was the only place to open the big letter.

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Sherekan came jumping after her but Sophie had to put up with that. She knew the cat would not give her away.

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Inside the envelope there were three typewritten pages held together with a paper clip. Sophie began to read.

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

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Dear Sophie,

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Lots of people have hobbies. Some people collect old coins or foreign stamps, some do needlework, others spend most of their spare time on a particular sport.

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A lot of people enjoy reading. But reading tastes differ widely. Some people only read newspapers or comics, some like reading novels, while others prefer books on astronomy, wildlife, or technological discoveries.

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If I happen to be interested in horses or precious stones, I cannot expect everyone else to share my enthusiasm. If I watch all the sports programs on TV with great pleasure, I must put up with the fact that other people find sports boring.

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Is there nothing that interests us all? Is there nothing that concerns everyone--no matter who they are or where they live in the world? Yes, dear Sophie, there are questions that certainly should interest everyone. They are precisely the questions this course is about.

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What is the most important thing in life? If we ask someone living on the edge of starvation, the answer is food. If we ask someone dying of cold, the answer is warmth. If we put the same question to someone who feels lonely and isolated , the answer will probably be the company of other people.

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But when these basic needs have been satisfied--will there still be something that everybody needs? Philosophers think so. They believe that man cannot live by bread alone. Of course everyone needs food. And everyone needs love and care. But there is something else--apart from that--which everyone needs, and that is to figure out who we are and why we are here.

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Being interested in why we are here is not a "casual" interest like collecting stamps. People who ask such questions are taking part in a debate that has gone on as long as man has lived on this planet. How the universe, the earth, and life came into being is a bigger and more important question than who won the most gold medals in the last Olympics.

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The best way of approaching philosophy is to ask a few philosophical questions:

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How was the world created? Is there any will or meaning behind what happens? Is there a life after death? How can we answer these questions? And most important, how ought we to live? People have been asking these questions throughout the ages. We know of no culture which has not concerned itself with what man is and where the world came from.

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Basically there are not many philosophical questions to ask. We have already asked some of the most important ones. But history presents us with many different answers to each question. So it is easier to ask philosophical questions than to answer them.

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Today as well each individual has to discover his own answer to these same questions. You cannot find out whether there is a God or whether there is life after death by looking in an encyclopedia . Nor does the encyclopedia tell us how we ought to live. However, reading what other people have believed can help us formulate our own view of life.

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Philosophers’ search for the truth resembles a detective story. Some think Andersen was the murderer, others think it was Nielsen or Jensen. The police are sometimes able to solve a real crime. But it is equally possible that they never get to the bottom of it, although there is a solution somewhere. So even if it is difficult to answer a question, there may be one--and only one--right answer. Either there is a kind of existence after death--or there is not.

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A lot of age-old enigmas have now been explained by science. What the dark side of the moon looks like was once shrouded in mystery. It was not the kind of thing that could be solved by discussion, it was left to the imagination of the individual. But today we know exactly what the dark side of the moon looks like, and no one can "believe" any longer in the Man in the Moon, or that the moon is made of green cheese.

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A Greek philosopher who lived more than two thousand years ago believed that philosophy had its origin in man’s sense of wonder. Man thought it was so astonishing to be alive that philosophical questions arose of their own accord.

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It is like watching a magic trick. We cannot understand how it is done. So we ask: how can the magician change a couple of white silk scarves into a live rabbit?

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A lot of people experience the world with the same incredulity as when a magician suddenly pulls a rabbit out of a hat which has just been shown to them empty.

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In the case of the rabbit, we know the magician has tricked us. What we would like to know is just how he did it. But when it comes to the world it’s somewhat different. We know that the world is not all sleight of hand and deception because here we are in it, we are part of it. Actually, we are the white rabbit being pulled out of the hat. The only difference between us and the white rabbit is that the rabbit does not realize it is taking part in a magic trick. Unlike us. We feel we are part of something mysterious and we would like to know how it all works.

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P.S. As far as the white rabbit is concerned, it might be better to compare it with the whole universe. We who live here are microscopic insects existing deep down in the rabbit’s fur. But philosophers are always trying to climb up the fine hairs of the fur in order to stare right into the magician’s eyes.

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Are you still there, Sophie? To be continued . . .

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Sophie was completely exhausted . Still there? She could not even remember if she had taken the time to breathe while she read.

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Who had brought this letter? It couldn’t be the same person who had sent the birthday card to Hilde Moller Knag because that card had both a stamp and a postmark. The brown envelope had been delivered by hand to the mailbox exactly like the two white ones.

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Sophie looked at her watch. It was a quarter to three. Her mother would not be home from work for over two hours.

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Sophie crawled out into the garden again and ran to the mailbox. Perhaps there was another letter.

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She found one more brown envelope with her name on it. This time she looked all around but there was nobody in sight. Sophie ran to the edge of the woods and looked down the path.

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No one was there. Suddenly she thought she heard a twig snap deep in the woods. But she was not completely sure, and anyway it would be pointless to chase after someone who was determined to get away.

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Sophie let herself into the house. She ran upstairs to her room and took out a big cookie tin full of pretty stones. She emptied the stones onto the floor and put both large envelopes into the tin. Then she hurried out into the garden again, holding the tin securely with both hands. Before she went she put some food out for Sherekan.

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"kitty, kitty, kitty!"

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Once back in the den she opened the second brown envelope and drew out the new typewritten pages. She began to read.

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A STRANGE CREATURE Hello again! As you see, this short course in philosophy will come in handy-sized portions. Here are a few more introductory remarks: Did I say that the only thing we require to be good philosophers is the faculty of wonder? If I did not, I say it now: THE ONLY THING WE REQUIRE TO BE GOOD PHILOSOPHERS IS THE FACULTY OF WONDER.

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Babies have this faculty. That is not surprising. After a few short months in the womb they slip out into a brand-new reality. But as they grow up the faculty of wonder seems to diminish. Why is this? Do you know?

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If a newborn baby could talk, it would probably say something about what an extraordinary world it had come into. We see how it looks around and reaches out in curiosity to everything it sees.

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As words are gradually acquired, the child looks up and says "bow-wow" every time it sees a dog. It jumps up and down in its stroller, waving its arms: "Bow-wow! Bow-wow!" We who are older and wiser may feel somewhat exhausted by the child’s enthusiasm. "All right, all right, it’s a bow-wow," we say, unimpressed. "Please sit still." We are not enthralled . We have seen a dog before.

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This rapturous performance may repeat itself hundreds of times before the child learns to pass a dog without going crazy. Or an elephant, or a hippopotamus . But long before the child learns to talk properly--and Ion before it learns to think philosophically--the world we have become a habit.

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A pity, if you ask me.

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My concern is that you do not grow up to be one of those people who take the world for granted, Sophie dear. So just to make sure, we are going to do a couple of experiments in thought before we begin on the course itself.

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Imagine that one day you are out for a walk in the woods. Suddenly you see a small spaceship on the path in front of you. A tiny Martian climbs out of the spaceship and stands on the ground looking up at you . . .

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What would you think? Never mind, it’s not important. But have you ever given any thought to the fact that you are a Martian yourself?

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It is obviously unlikely that you will ever stumble upon a creature from another planet. We do not even know that there is life on other planets. But you might stumble upon yourself one day. You might suddenly stop short and see yourself in a completely new light. On just such a walk in the woods.

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I am an extraordinary being, you think. I am a mysterious creature.

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You feel as if you are waking from an enchanted slumber

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. Who am I? you ask. You know that you are stumbling around on a planet in the universe. But what is the universe?

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If you discover yourself in this manner you will have discovered something as mysterious as the Martian we just mentioned. You will not only have seen a being from outer space. You will feel deep down that you are yourself an extraordinary being.

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Do you follow me, Sophie? Let’s do another experiment in thought:

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One morning, Mom, Dad, and little Thomas, aged two or three, are having breakfast in the kitchen. After a while Mom gets up and goes over to the kitchen sink, and Dad--yes, Dad--flies up and floats around under the ceiling while Thomas sits watching. What do you think Thomas says? Perhaps he points up at his father and says: "Daddy’s flying!" Thomas will certainly be astonished, but then he very often is. Dad does so many strange things that this business of a little flight over the breakfast table makes no difference to him. Every day Dad shaves with a funny machine, sometimes he climbs onto the roof and turns the TV aerial--or else he sticks his head under the hood of the car and comes up black in the face.

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Now it’s Mom’s turn. She hears what Thomas says and turns around abruptly . How do you think she reacts to the sight of Dad floating nonchalantly over the kitchen table?

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She drops the jam jar on the floor and screams with fright. She may even need medical attention once Dad has returned respectably to his chair. (He should have learned better table manners by now!) Why do you think Thomas and his mother react so differently?

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It all has to do with habit. (Note this!) Mom has learned that people cannot fly. Thomas has not. He still isn’t certain what you can and cannot do in this world.

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But what about the world itself, Sophie? Do you think it can do what it does? The world is also floating in space.

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Sadly it is not only the force of gravity we get used to as we grow up. The world itself becomes a habit in no time at all. It seems as if in the process of growing up we lose the ability to wonder about the world. And in doing so, we lose something central--something philosophers try to restore. For somewhere inside ourselves, something tells us that life is a huge mystery. This is something we once experienced, long before we learned to think the thought.

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To be more precise: Although philosophical questions concern us all, we do not all become philosophers. For various reasons most people get so caught up in everyday affairs that their astonishment at the world gets pushed into the background. (They crawl deep into the rabbit’s fur, snuggle down comfortably, and stay there for the rest of their lives.)

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To children, the world and everything in it is new, something that gives rise to astonishment. It is not like that for adults. Most adults accept the world as a matter of course.

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This is precisely where philosophers are a notable exception. A philosopher never gets quite used to the world. To him or her, the world continues to seem a bit unreasonable--bewildering, even enigmatic. Philosophers and small children thus have an important faculty in common. You might say that throughout his life a philosopher remains as thin-skinned as a child.

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So now you must choose, Sophie. Are you a child who has not yet become world-weary? Or are you a philosopher who will vow never to become so?

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If you just shake your head, not recognizing yourself as either a child or a philosopher, then you have gotten so used to the world that it no longer astonishes you. Watch out! You are on thin ice. And this is why you are receiving this course in philosophy, just in case. I will not allow you, of all people, to join the ranks of the apathetic and the indifferent. I want you to have an inquiring mind.

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The whole course is free of charge, so you get no money back if you do not complete it. If you choose to break off the course you are free to do so. In that case you must leave a message for me in the mailbox. A live frog would be eminently suitable. Something green, at least, otherwise the mailman might get scared.

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To summarize briefly : A white rabbit is pulled out of a top hat. Because it is an extremely large rabbit, the trick takes many billions of years. All mortals are born at the very tip of the rabbit’s fine hairs, where they are in a position to wonder at the impossibility of the trick. But as they grow older they work themselves ever deeper into the fur. And there they stay. They become so comfortable they never risk crawling back up the fragile hairs again. Only philosophers embark on this perilous expedition to the outermost reaches of language and existence. Some of them fall off, but others cling on desperately and yell at the people nestling deep in the snug softness, stuffing themselves with delicious food and drink.

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"Ladies and gentlemen," they yell, "we are floating in space!" But none of the people down there care.

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"What a bunch of troublemakers !" they say. And they keep on chatting: Would you pass the butter, please? How much have our stocks risen today? What is the price of tomatoes? Have you heard that Princess Di is expecting again?

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When Sophie’s mother got home later that afternoon, Sophie was practically in shock. The tin containing the letters from the mysterious philosopher was safely hidden in the den. Sophie had tried to start her homework but could only sit thinking about what she had read.

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She had never thought so hard before! She was no longer a child--but she wasn’t really grown up either. Sophie realized that she had already begun to crawl down into the cozy rabbit’s fur, the very same rabbit that had been pulled from the top hat of the universe. But the philosopher had stopped her. He--or was it a she?--had grabbed her by the back of the neck and pulled her up again to the tip of the fur where she had played as a child. And there, on the outermost tips of the fine hairs, she was once again seeing the world as if for the very first time.

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The philosopher had rescued her. No doubt about it. The unknown letter writer had saved her from the triviality of everyday existence.

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When Mom got home at five o’clock, Sophie dragged her into the living room and pushed her into an armchair.

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"Mom--don’t you think it’s astonishing to be alive?" she began.

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Her mother was so surprised that she didn’t answer at first. Sophie was usually doing her homework when she got home.

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"I suppose I do--sometimes," she said.

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"Sometimes? Yes, but--don’t you think it’s astonishing that the world exists at all?"

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"Now look, Sophie. Stop talking like that."

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"Why? Perhaps you think the world is quite normal?"

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"Well, isn’t it? More or less, anyway."

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Sophie saw that the philosopher was right. Grownups took the world for granted. They had let themselves be lulled into the enchanted sleep of their humdrum existence once and for all.

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"You’ve just grown so used to the world that nothing surprises you any more."

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"What on earth are you talking about?"

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"I’m talking about you getting so used to everything. Totally dim, in other words."

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"I will not be spoken to like that, Sophie!"

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"All right, I’ll put it another way. You’ve made yourself comfortable deep down in the fur of a white rabbit that is being pulled out of the universe’s top hat right now. And in a minute you’ll put the potatoes on. Then you’ll read the paper and after half an hour’s nap you’ll watch the news on TV!"

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An anxious expression came over her mother’s face. She did indeed go into the kitchen and put the potatoes on. After a while she came back into the living room, and this time it was she who pushed Sophie into an armchair.

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"There’s something I must talk to you about," she began. Sophie could tell by her voice that it was something serious.

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"You haven’t gotten yourself mixed up with drugs, have you, dear?"

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Sophie was just about to laugh, but she understood why the question was being brought up now.

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"Are you nuts?" she said. "That only makes you duller’."

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No more was said that evening about either drugs or white rabbits.

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