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(1). Well before Mr Trump arrived on the scene, China made plain its intention to catch up. In 2014 the government in Beijing announced a 1trn yuan ($150bn) investment fund to improve its domestic industry. Semiconductors feature prominently in “Made in China 2025”, a national development plan issued in 2015.
早在特朗普上台之前，中国已明确表示要迎头赶上。2014年，中国政府宣布投资1万亿人民币（相当于1500亿美元）来改善国内产业。半导体在中国2015年发布的国家发展规划《中国制造2025》中占有突出地位。
(2). 1:Although the chip battle may have pre-dated Mr Trump, his presidency has intensified it.
2:He has made a national champion of Qualcomm, blocking a bid for it from a Singaporean firm for fear of Chinese competition.
3:Earlier this year an export ban on selling American chips and software to ZTE, a Chinese telecoms firm in breach of sanctions, brought it to the brink of bankruptcy within days.
4:Startled by the looming harm, and (he says) swayed by appeals from Mr Xi, Mr Trump swiftly backtracked.
2:He has made a national champion of Qualcomm, blocking a bid for it from a Singaporean firm for fear of Chinese competition.
3:Earlier this year an export ban on selling American chips and software to ZTE, a Chinese telecoms firm in breach of sanctions, brought it to the brink of bankruptcy within days.
4:Startled by the looming harm, and (he says) swayed by appeals from Mr Xi, Mr Trump swiftly backtracked.
1:尽管芯片之战可能早在特朗普上台之前就开始了，但他的上任确实加深了这种斗争。
2:由于担心中国竞争，特朗普阻止了新加坡企业收购美国高通公司，从而让高通成为全国领先。
3:今年初，一项禁止向中兴(一家违反制裁的中国电信公司)出口美国芯片和软件的禁令，使中兴在几天内濒临破产。
4:特朗普对迫在眉睫的伤害感到震惊，（据特朗普表示）受到习近平呼吁的影响，又迅速收手。
2:由于担心中国竞争，特朗普阻止了新加坡企业收购美国高通公司，从而让高通成为全国领先。
3:今年初，一项禁止向中兴(一家违反制裁的中国电信公司)出口美国芯片和软件的禁令，使中兴在几天内濒临破产。
4:特朗普对迫在眉睫的伤害感到震惊，（据特朗普表示）受到习近平呼吁的影响，又迅速收手。
(3). 1:Two things have changed.
2:First, America has realised that its edge in technology gives it power over China.
3:It has imposed export controls that affect on Fujian Jinhua, another Chinese firm accused of stealing secrets, and the White House is mulling broader bans on emerging technologies.
4:Second, China’s incentives to become self-reliant in semiconductors have rocketed.
5:After ZTE, Mr Xi talked up core technologies.
6:Its tech giants are on board: Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei are ploughing money into making chips.
7:And China has showed that it can hinder American firms.
8:Earlier this year Qualcomm abandoned a bid for NXP, a Dutch firm, after foot-dragging by Chinese regulators.
2:First, America has realised that its edge in technology gives it power over China.
3:It has imposed export controls that affect on Fujian Jinhua, another Chinese firm accused of stealing secrets, and the White House is mulling broader bans on emerging technologies.
4:Second, China’s incentives to become self-reliant in semiconductors have rocketed.
5:After ZTE, Mr Xi talked up core technologies.
6:Its tech giants are on board: Alibaba, Baidu and Huawei are ploughing money into making chips.
7:And China has showed that it can hinder American firms.
8:Earlier this year Qualcomm abandoned a bid for NXP, a Dutch firm, after foot-dragging by Chinese regulators.
1:发生改变的有两件事。
2:第一，美国意识到技术优势让自己强于中国。
3:对福建晋华集成电路有限公司实行出口管制，而另一家公司也被指控窃取机密，美国政府正考虑更广泛地对新兴技术发布禁令。
4:第二，中国对半导体领域要自力更生的鼓励激增。
5:中兴事件发生后，习近平主席谈到了核心技术。
6:中国的科技巨头也加入进来：阿里巴巴、百度和华为正大举投资制造芯片。
7:中国已经表现出可以和美国公司抗衡。
8:今年年初，高通在中国监管机构的影响下放弃收购恩智浦半导体公司。
2:第一，美国意识到技术优势让自己强于中国。
3:对福建晋华集成电路有限公司实行出口管制，而另一家公司也被指控窃取机密，美国政府正考虑更广泛地对新兴技术发布禁令。
4:第二，中国对半导体领域要自力更生的鼓励激增。
5:中兴事件发生后，习近平主席谈到了核心技术。
6:中国的科技巨头也加入进来：阿里巴巴、百度和华为正大举投资制造芯片。
7:中国已经表现出可以和美国公司抗衡。
8:今年年初，高通在中国监管机构的影响下放弃收购恩智浦半导体公司。
(4). 1:Neither country’s interests are about to change.
2:America has legitimate concerns about the national-security implications of being dependent on Chinese chips and vulnerable to Chinese hacking.
3:China’s pretensions to being a superpower will look hollow as long as America can throttle its firms at will.
4:China is destined to try to catch up; America is determined to stay ahead.
2:America has legitimate concerns about the national-security implications of being dependent on Chinese chips and vulnerable to Chinese hacking.
3:China’s pretensions to being a superpower will look hollow as long as America can throttle its firms at will.
4:China is destined to try to catch up; America is determined to stay ahead.
1:不变的是两国的利益。
2:美国有理由担忧依赖中国芯片影响国家安全、易受中国黑客攻击。
3:只要美国可以随心所欲扼杀其公司，中国作为超级大国的主张就略显空洞。
4:中国注定会努力赶上；美国决心保持领先。
2:美国有理由担忧依赖中国芯片影响国家安全、易受中国黑客攻击。
3:只要美国可以随心所欲扼杀其公司，中国作为超级大国的主张就略显空洞。
4:中国注定会努力赶上；美国决心保持领先。
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