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孙子兵法|The Art Of War

Chapter Waging War|Chapter Waging War

属类：双语小说【分类】古汉语经典 -[作者: 孙武] 阅读：[5466] 登录会员即可添加到文库收藏夹，方便以后查看

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原文：　【作战第二】

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１.孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮，则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

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2.其用战也胜，久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，久暴师则国用不足。夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

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善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，财竭则急于丘役。力屈财殚，中原内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

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4. 故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；忌杆一石，当吾二十石。

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5.故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者，而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

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6.故兵贵胜，不贵久。故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。

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译文：　　　　　　【作战第二】

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1.孙子说：要兴兵作战，需做的物资准备有，轻车千辆，重车千辆，全副武装的士兵十万，并向千里之外运送粮食。那么前后方的军内外开支，招待使节、策士的用度，用于武器维修的胶漆等材料费用，保养战车、甲胄的支出等，每天要消耗千金。按照这样的标准准备之后，十万大军才可出发上战场。

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2.因此，军队作战就要求速胜，如果拖的很久则军队必然疲惫，挫失锐气。一旦攻城，则兵力将耗尽，长期在外作战还必然导致国家财用不足。如果军队因久战疲惫不堪，锐气受挫，军事实力耗尽，国内物资枯竭，其他诸侯必定趁火打劫。这样，即使足智多谋之士也无良策来挽救危亡了。所以，在实际作战中，只听说将领缺少高招难以速胜，却没有见过指挥高明巧于持久作战的。战争旷日持久而有利于国家的事，从来没有过。所以，不能详尽地了解用兵的害处，就不能全面地了解用兵的益处。

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3.善于用兵的人，不用再次征集兵员，不用多次运送军粮。武器装备由国内供应，从敌人那里设法夺取粮食，这样军队的粮草就可以充足了。国家之所以因作战而贫困，是由于军队远征，不得不进行长途运输。长途运输必然导致百姓贫穷。驻军附近处物价必然飞涨，物价飞涨，必然导致物资枯竭，物财枯竭，赋税和劳役必然加重。在战场上，军力耗尽，在国内财源枯竭，百姓私家财产损耗十分之七。公家的财产，由于车辆破损，马匹疲惫，盔甲、弓箭、矛戟、盾牌、牛车的损失，而耗去十分之六。

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4.所以明智的将军，一定要在敌国解决粮草，从敌国搞到一钟的粮食，就相当于从本国启运时的二十钟，在当地取得饲料一石，相当于从本国启运时的二十石。

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5.所以，要使士兵拼死杀敌，就必须怒之，激励之。要使士兵勇于夺取敌方的军需物资，就必须以缴获的财物作奖赏。所以，在车战中，抢夺十辆车以上的，就奖赏最先抢得战车的。而夺得的战车，要立即换上我方的旗帜，把抢得的战车编入我方车队。要善待俘虏，使他们有归顺之心。这就是战胜敌人而使自己越发强大的方法。

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6.所以，作战最重要、最有利的是速胜，最不宜的是旷日持久。真正懂得用兵之道、深知用兵利害的将帅，掌握着民众的的生死，主宰着国家的安危。

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1. Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war,where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots,as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front,including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor,will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day.Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.

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2. When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men’s weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.

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3. Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.

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4. Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.

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5. Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.

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6. There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.

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7. It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.

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8. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy,neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.

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9. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

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10. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.

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11. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people’s substance to be drained away.

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12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

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13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare,and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated;while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses,breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields,

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protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons,will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.

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15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy’s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one’s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one’s own store.

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16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

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17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy,and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours.The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept.

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18. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one’s own strength.

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19. In war, then, let your great object be victory,not lengthy campaigns.

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20. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people’s fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.

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Chapter Waging War|Chapter Waging War

原文： 【作战第二】

１.孙子曰： 凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮，则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

4. 故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；忌杆一石，当吾二十石。

5.故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者，而更其旌旗。车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

6.故兵贵胜，不贵久。 故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。

译文： 【作战第二】

4.所以明智的将军，一定要在敌国解决粮草，从敌国搞到一钟的粮食，就相当于从本国启运时的二十钟，在当地取得饲料一石，相当于从本国启运时的二十石。

6.所以，作战最重要、最有利的是速胜，最不宜的是旷日持久。真正懂得用兵之道、深知用兵利害的将帅，掌握着民众的的生死，主宰着国家的安危。

2. When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men’s weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town,you will exhaust your strength.

3. Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.

4. Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped,your strength exhausted and your treasure spent,other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise,will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.

5. Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war,cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.

6. There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.

7. It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.

8. The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy,neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.

9. Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.

10. Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.

11. On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people’s substance to be drained away.

12. When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.

13,14. With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare,and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated;while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses,breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields,

protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons,will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.

15. Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy’s provisions is equivalent to twenty of one’s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one’s own store.

16. Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.

17. Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy,and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours.The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept.

18. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one’s own strength.

19. In war, then, let your great object be victory,not lengthy campaigns.

20. Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people’s fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.

3.

原文：　【作战第二】

１.孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮，则内外之费，宾客之用，胶漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

6.故兵贵胜，不贵久。故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。

译文：　　　　　　【作战第二】