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孙子兵法|The Art Of War

Chapter 3 Attack By Stratagem

属类：双语小说【分类】古汉语经典 -[作者: 孙武] 阅读：[3461] 登录会员即可添加到文库收藏夹，方便以后查看

Chapter 3 Attack By Stratagem

《字+字- 行+行- 页+页-

字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 》

原文：　【谋攻第三】

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1.孙子曰：夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。

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是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

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2.故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。攻城之法，为不得已。修橹贲温，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

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3.故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则战之，敌则能分之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。

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4.夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。故君之所以患于军者三：不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；不知三军之权而同三军之任，则军士疑矣。三军既惑且疑，则诸侯之难至矣。是谓乱军引胜。

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5.故知胜有五：知可以战与不可以战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，上下同欲者胜，以虞待不虞者胜，将能而君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。

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6.故曰：知彼知己，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必败。

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译文：　　　　　　【谋攻第三】

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1.孙子说：战争的原则是：使敌人举国降服是上策，用武力击破敌国就次一等；使敌人全军降服是上策，击败敌军就次一等；

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使敌人全旅降服是上策，击破敌旅就次一等；使敌人全卒降服是上策，击破敌卒就次一等；使敌人全伍降服是上策，击破敌伍就次一等。所以，百战百胜，算不上是最高明的；不通过交战就降服全体敌人，才是最高明的。

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2.所以，上等的军事行动是用谋略挫败敌方的战略意图或战争行为，其次就是用外交战胜敌人，再次是用武力击败敌军，最下之策是攻打敌人的城池。攻城，是不得已而为之，是没有办法的办法。制造大盾牌和四轮车，准备攻城的所有器具，起码得三个月。堆筑攻城的土山，起码又得三个月。如果将领难以拟制焦躁情绪，命令士兵象蚂蚁一样爬墙攻城，

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尽管士兵死伤三分之一，而城池却依然没有攻下，这就是攻城带来的灾难。所以善用兵者，不通过打仗就使敌人屈服，不通过攻城就使敌城投降，摧毁敌国不需长期作战，一定要用“全胜”的策略争胜于天下，从而既不使国力兵力受挫，又获得了全面胜利的利益。这就是谋攻的方法。

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3.所以，在实际作战中运用的原则是：我十倍于敌，就实施围歼，五倍于敌就实施进攻，两倍于敌就要努力战胜敌军，势均力敌则设法分散各个击破之。兵力弱于敌人，就避免作战。所以，弱小的一方若死拼固守，那就会成为强大敌人的俘虏。

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4.将帅，国家之辅助也。辅助之谋缜密周详，则国家必然强大，辅助之谋疏漏失当，则国家必然衰弱。所以，国君对军队的危害有三种：不知道军队不可以前进而下令前进，不知道军队不可以后退而下令后退，这叫做束缚军队；不知道军队的战守之事、内部事务而同理三军之政，将士们会无所适从；不知道军队战略战术的权宜变化，却干预军队的指挥，将士就会疑虑。军队既无所适从，又疑虑重重，诸侯就会趁机兴兵作难。这就是自乱其军，坐失胜机。

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5.所以，预见胜利有五个方面：能准确判断仗能打或不能打的，胜；知道根据敌我双方兵力的多少采取对策者，胜；全国上下，全军上下，意愿一致、同心协力的，胜；以有充分准备来对付毫无准备的，胜；主将精通军事、精于权变，君主又不加干预的，胜。以上就是预见胜利的方法。

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6.所以说：了解敌方也了解自己，每一次战斗都不会有危险；不了解对方但了解自己，胜负的机率各半；既不了解对方又不了解自己，每战必败。

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1. Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy’s country whole and intact;to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it,to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.

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2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.

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3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy’s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy’s forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy’s army in the field;and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.

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4. The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over

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against the walls will take three months more.

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5. The general, unable to control his irritation,will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants,with the result that one-third of his men are slain,while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous

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effects of a siege.

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6. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy’s troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.

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7. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

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8. It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy’s one, to surround him; if five to one,to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.

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9. If equally matched, we can offer battle;if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy;if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.

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10. Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.

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11. Now the general is the bulwark of the State;if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.

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12. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--

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13. (1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey.This is called hobbling the army.

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14. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier’s minds.

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15. (3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances.This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.16. But when the army is restless and distrustful,trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes.This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging

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victory away.

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17. Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory:

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(1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight.

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(2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces.

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(3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.

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(4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared.

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(5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.

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18. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy,for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat.If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.

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Chapter 3 Attack By Stratagem

原文： 【谋攻第三】

1.孙子曰： 夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。

是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

3.故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则战之，敌则能分之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。

5.故知胜有五：知可以战与不可以战者胜，识众寡之用者胜，上下同欲者胜，以虞待不虞者胜，将能而君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。

6.故曰：知彼知己，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必败。

译文： 【谋攻第三】

1.孙子说：战争的原则是：使敌人举国降服是上策，用武力击破敌国就次一等；使敌人全军降服是上策，击败敌军就次一等；

使敌人全旅降服是上策，击破敌旅就次一等；使敌人全卒降服是上策，击破敌卒就次一等；使敌人全伍降服是上策，击破敌伍就次一等。所以，百战百胜，算不上是最高明的；不通过交战就降服全体敌人，才是最高明的。

6.所以说：了解敌方也了解自己，每一次战斗都不会有危险；不了解对方但了解自己，胜负的机率各半；既不了解对方又不了解自己，每战必败。

2. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting.

3. Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy’s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy’s forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy’s army in the field;and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.

4. The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over

against the walls will take three months more.

5. The general, unable to control his irritation,will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants,with the result that one-third of his men are slain,while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous

effects of a siege.

6. Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy’s troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.

7. With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.

8. It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy’s one, to surround him; if five to one,to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.

9. If equally matched, we can offer battle;if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy;if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.

10. Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.

11. Now the general is the bulwark of the State;if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.

12. There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--

13. (1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey.This is called hobbling the army.

14. (2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier’s minds.

victory away.

17. Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory:

(1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight.

(2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces.

(3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks.

(4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared.

(5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.

18. Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy,for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat.If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.

原文：　【谋攻第三】

1.孙子曰：夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。

译文：　　　　　　【谋攻第三】