5.Commodities trade, direct selling, mail-order selling. Internet selling, sales agent, franchising , commercial management; whole sale, retail and logistic distribution of grain, cotton, vegetable oil, sugar, pharmaceutical products, tobacco, automobile, crude oil, capital goods for agricultural production; whole sale and retail of books, newspapers, periodicals; whole sale of product nil, construction and operation of gasoline station

(五)商品交易、直销、邮购、网上销售、特许经营、委托经营、销售代理、商业管理等各类商业公司，以及粮、棉、植物油、食糖、药品、烟草、汽车、原油、农业生产资料的批发、零售、物流配送;图书、报纸、期刊的批发、零售业务;成品油批发及加油站建设、经营

*l.Commercial companies of commodity trading, direct selling, mail order selling, Internet selling, franchising , commissioned operation, sales agent, commercial management companies, and wholesale, retail and logistic distribution of grain, cotton, vegetable oil, sugar, medicines, tobaccos, automobiles, crude oil, capital goods for agricultural production

*1 ．商品交易、直销、邮购、网上销售、特许经营、委托经营、销售代理、商业管理等各类商业公司，以及粮、棉、植物油、食糖、药品、烟草、汽车、原油、农业生产资料的批发、零售、物流配送

(3)Franchising and wholesale or retail trade services away from a fixed location: Foreign invested enterprises are permitted no later than Dec. 11, 2004.

3 、特许经营和无固定地点的批发、零售:不迟于 2004 年 12 月 11 日 允许外商投资

Research on Revenue Sharing of Franchising Store under E-business

E-business环境下的特许经营便利店收益分配研究

Agency Theory in Franchising Some Empirical Results

代理商理论在连锁加盟上之应用实务上之探讨

specific measures to permit non-public enterprise participation in franchising

非公有制企业进入特许经营领域具体办法

an amendment franchising adults over 18

关于授予满18岁以上的成年人以公民权的修正案

Resources Constraints in Franchising : A Comparative Study

加盟连锁之资源限制:一比较性之研究

An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Knowledge Creation in the Chain and Franchising System-A Dual Embeddedness Perspective

连锁加盟体系知识创造影响因素之实证研究-双重镶嵌观点

On Legislation of Australian Franchising Practice and its Value for Reference

论澳大利亚特许经营立法及其借鉴价值

Discussion on Franchising and Its Development in China

论特许经营及其在我国的发展

On Restriction of Competition and Distribution of Liability in Franchising

特许经营中的限制竞争及责任分担法律问题刍议

franchising agreement: Agreement where the franchiser provides the franchisee with a package of resources and where his remuneration depends, at least in part, on the production, revenues or profits of the investment project.

特许权协议:特许权授与者向特许权被授与者提供一揽子资源，其报酬取决于(至少部分取决于)投资项目的生产、收入或利润。

||1:Boris Johnson’s government is consumed by the task of getting Britain out of the European Union by October 31st.||2:But before then it must also make two big decisions about the railways.||3:The first is whether to go ahead with HS2, a high-speed line between London and the north.||4:The second is how to fix the rest of the network.||5:This autumn an official review by Keith Williams, a former British Airways boss, will consider how to reform the franchising system under which most lines operate.||6:Mr Williams has already said the current set-up has “had its day” and talked of “revolution, not evolution”.

||1:鲍里斯?约翰逊政府正忙于在10月31日前完成英国脱欧。||2:但在此之前，英国政府还必须就铁路做出两项重大决定。||3:首先是是否继续建设HS2高速铁路，这是一条连接伦敦和北部的高速铁路。||4:第二个问题是如何修复铁路网的其余部分。||5:今年秋天，英国航空公司前老板基思?威廉姆斯的一份官方评估报告，引起了如何改革大多数铁路公司运营的特许经营体系的思考。||6:威廉姆斯已经表示，目前的格局“已经风光不再”，他谈到的是“革命，而不是进化”。

||1:Whereas nearby Abu Dhabi is franchising outlets of the Louvre and the Guggenheim, Qatar is growing its own museums.||2:Sheikha Mayassa’s use of its Islamic and Orientalist collections to explain the region’s history makes sense.||3:Less clear is why she has been buying Western art.||4:Over the past seven years the Al Thani family is estimated to have spent at least $1 billion on Western painting, sculpture and installations, including the last privately held version of Paul Cezanne’s “The Card Players” for over $250m—a record price for a work of art.||5:That acquisition, which took place in early 2011 but was reported only last month, is just the latest in a series of purchases that includes some of the very best works made by Francis Bacon, Mark Rothko, Andy Warhol and Damien Hirst, a number of them bought for record prices.||6:Speculation about the Al Thanis’ art buying has been fuelled by the family’s blank refusal to confirm or deny any of the rumours and its reluctance to clarify whether its acquisitions are private or on behalf of the state—or even to explain how they might benefit Qatar’s citizens.

||1:当旁边的阿布扎比正为卢浮宫和Guggenheim在当地建立分支时，卡塔尔开始发展起自己的博物馆了。||2:Sheikha Mayassa通过利用博物馆的伊斯兰和东方的收藏品去阐释这个国家的历史是有意义的。||3:让人不解的是她对西方艺术作品的购入。||4:经估计，Al Thani家族于过去7年中已在对西方的绘画作品，雕塑作品及各种设施的购买上花费了至少10亿美元，其中包括用2亿5000万购买保罗·塞尚的作品—《玩牌的人》的最后一件私人持有版，这对任何艺术品来说都是创纪录的价格。||5:他们的这次大手笔虽然在2011年年初便已敲定，但直到上个月才被报道出来。在最近的这一次出手之前，他们已经完成了一系列的收购，其中不乏出自弗兰西斯·培根, 马克·罗斯科, 安迪·沃霍尔，和达米恩·赫斯特等名家之手的传世精品，其中相当一部分均已创纪录的价格购入。||6:关于Al Thani家族大量购买艺术品的行为有许多谣言，由于他们既拒绝对其予以确认或否认，又不愿澄清他们的行为是属于私人性质抑还是代表国家——或者解释下这些东西将会如何造福卡塔尔人民，各种与之相关的猜测便如火上添油般愈演愈烈了。

||1:Faced with these problems, the government is thinking about new approaches.||2:On some long-distance routes it is running an “open-access” system, under which different companies are allowed to run services along the same route in competition with each other.||3:The idea is to offer passengers a choice, driving down prices and encouraging innovation—something that is discouraged by franchising , in which rail companies are tied to contracts so detailed that some even specify how often train carpets should be shampooed.

||1:面对这些问题，政府正在思考新的方法。||2:在一些长途线路上，政府正在运行一个“开放-接入”系统，在这个系统下，不同的公司可以在同一条线路上运行服务，相互竞争。||3:这个想法是为了给乘客提供选择，降低价格，鼓励创新——特许经营是不鼓励这种做法的，在特许经营中，铁路公司与非常详细的合同捆绑在一起，有些公司甚至规定火车地毯应该多久洗一次。

||1:The franchising business has also sometimes proved chaotic.||2:The East Coast mainline franchise has gone bust three times—in 2007, 2009 and 2018—as operators overpromised how much they could pay in track-access charges.||3:Even Eamonn Butler of the Adam Smith Institute, a libertarian think-tank which pioneered the idea of separating the management of track and trains, admits that franchises “didn’t work out as we intended”.

||1:特许经营业务有时也被证明是混乱的。||2:东海岸干线的特许经营已经三次破产——分别在2007年、2009年和2018年——由于运营商在轨道接入费用上承诺过高。||3:甚至亚当?斯密研究所的埃蒙?巴特勒也承认，特许经营“并没有像我们预想的那样成功”。

Franchising is a relatively low-risk way of getting into this growing market of 6m people.

给当地企业以特许经营权，以这种方式进入这个有600万人口的新兴市场风险相对较低。

Hot Wheels The latest in fun franchising : renting motorcycles to thrill-seeking travelers.

“火”轮——新兴的娱乐活动特许经营：为寻求刺激的旅行者出租机车

“regulate conduct of participants in franchising towards other participants in franchising” ?

“在特许经营中对特许经营的其他加盟者进行管理”？

Franchising in BOT and its Relevant Issues

BOT方式的特许权及相关问题分析

Shape Up, as the Willow Grove, Pa. diet center was then known, started franchising a year later.

ShapeUp一年后开始特许经营，当时以宾夕法尼亚柳林减肥中心闻名。

Franchising Operation and Supervision System of Solid Waste Treatment in Beijing

北京垃圾处理的特许经营和监管体系

This research targets the headquarters of plural-form chain and franchising systems as the respondents to conduct the empirical survey.

本研究以我国双轨制之連锁加盟总部为调查对象，计回收66份有效样本。

Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.

除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

On the Exterior Liability of Franchising Through the “Price-Smart Affair”

从“普马事件”看特许经营的外部责任

One, companies should use franchising to scale up quickly.

第一，企业应该通过特许专营的方式来迅速扩大经营规模。

Children’s services: This is another regular on the franchising trends list, as Americans will always have a soft spot for their offspring.

儿童服务：这也是明星加盟项目中的一个常客，因为美国人对自己的子女总是太好了！

Forms of business ownership and franchising

公司所有制形式及特许经营

A Review of the Strategic Franchising Theory in Foreign Countries

国外战略性特许加盟理论研究及其启示

franchising law

特许法

franchising system

特许制度

franchising contract

特许专营合同

corporation franchising

公司特许

entire business format franchising

整体业务特许