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聪明的消遣：毛姆谈英国文学

简·奥斯汀与《傲慢与偏见》 3|Jane Austen and Pride and Prejudice 3

属类： 双语小说 【分类】其他读物 -[作者: 毛姆] 阅读：[14158]
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简为人真实。她年轻时爱跳舞、调情和演戏。她喜欢相貌英俊的年轻男子。她对衣服、帽子和围巾有着强烈的兴趣。她善针线，“一般活计和绣花”都行，这一定让她受益匪浅，因为她改过旧长袍，也曾用半条不要的裙子做过帽子。她哥哥亨利在《回忆录》中说：“但凡用手指做的事，简·奥斯汀都能做得很成功。玩挑棒游戏时，我们谁都没法像她似的能把棒撒得那么圆，或者像她似的手那么稳地把棒抽出来。她的杯球(11)表演也堪称神奇。我们在查顿玩的是那种简单的杯球，我们知道她有一回玩的时候曾经连续接球一百次，直到手都酸了。她有时眼睛疲劳，没法长时间读书写作时，会从这个简单的游戏中寻找消遣。”

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Jane was very human. In her youth she loved dancing and flirting and theatricals. She liked young men to be good-looking. She took a healthy interest in gowns, bonnets and scarves. She was a fine needlewoman, “both plain and ornamental, ”and this must have stood her in good stead when she was making over an old gown and using part of a discarded skirt to fashion a new cap. Her brother Henry in his Memoir says: “Jane Austen was successful in everything that she attempted with her fingers. None of us could throw spilikins in so perfect a circle, or take them off with so steady a hand. Her performances with cup and ball were marvellous. The one used at Chawton was an easy one, and she has been known to catch it on the point a hundred times in succession, till her hand was weary. She sometimes found a resource in that simple game, when unable, from weakness in her eyes, to read or write long together.”

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真是一幅迷人的画面。

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It is a charming picture.

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没人会把简·奥斯汀说成是个女学究，她对这种类型的女人没什么好感，但是她也明显不是那种没文化的妇女。事实上，她受到的教育就是她那个时代、她那种社会地位的女性都会受到的教育。研究她小说的权威学者查普曼博士根据已知她读过的书列过一个书单，结果很惊人。她当然是读小说的，比如范妮·伯尼、埃奇沃思小姐和拉德克利夫夫人的小说，包括《奥多芙的秘密》。她还读从法语和德语翻译过来的小说，比如歌德的《少年维特之烦恼》。除此之外，只要是能从巴斯和南安普敦的租书铺租到的小说，都在她的书单上。但是她不只对小说感兴趣，她还熟知莎士比亚的作品。当代作家中，她读司各特和拜伦的作品，但她最喜欢的诗人似乎是考珀。这很自然，考珀的诗冷静、优雅、明智，是会吸引到她的。她还读约翰逊和鲍斯威尔的作品，读很多历史书籍，还有各种类型的文学作品。她喜欢朗读，她的声音据说很悦耳。

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No one could describe Jane Austen as a blue-stocking, a type with which she had no sympathy, but it is plain that she was far from being an uncultivated woman. She was, in fact, as well instructed as any woman of her time and station. Dr. Chapman, the great authority on her novels, has made a list of the books she is known to have read. It is an imposing one. Of course she read novels, the novels of Fanny Burney, Miss Edgeworth and those of Mrs. Radcliffe (of The Mysteries of Udolpho); and she read novels translated from French and German (among others, Goethe’s Sorrows of Werther); and whatever novels she could get from the circulating library at Bath or Southampton. But she was interested not only in fiction. She knew her Shakespeare well and, among the moderns, she read Scott and Byron, but her favourite poet seems to have been Cowper. It is natural that his cool, elegant and sensible verse should have appealed to her. She read Johnson and Boswell, and a good deal of history, besides miscellaneous literature of various kinds. She was fond of reading aloud, and is said to have had a pleasant voice.

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她还读布道词，尤其喜欢十七世纪一位名叫舍洛克的牧师写的布道词。这事初听似乎令人惊讶，但其实也没什么大不了的。我幼时曾在乡间的一处牧师居所生活过，那里的书房架子上就塞满了装帧精良的布道集。如果布道词能出版，说明它们卖得掉，既然卖得掉，就说明有人读。简·奥斯汀信神而不虔信。当然，她周日去教堂，领圣餐。而且毫无疑问，不管是在史蒂文顿，还是在哥德莫山姆，每日晨昏，奥斯汀一家一定都会共诵祈祷词。但是，正如查普曼博士所说：“这已然不是一个宗教狂热的时代。”正如我们今天每天洗澡，早晚刷牙，不如此就觉得难受一样。我想，对简·奥斯汀和与她同时代的大多数人而言，既然已经用恰当的热情履行了宗教职责，那就可以把与宗教有关的问题放到一边了。就像我们会把一件暂时无用的衣服放到一边一样，把宗教放到一边可以让她在一天和一周剩下的时间里，全心全意、问心无愧地照顾俗事。“福音教派还未形成。”绅士之家早为小儿子安排好了生计，办法就是让他领圣职，给他一份薪俸。他内心是否受到神的召唤是不重要的，但他住的房子应该宽敞方便，他的收入应该恰如其分，这才是最重要的。一个人既领了圣职，就该履行职责。简·奥斯汀当然相信牧师“应该住在他的教民中间，通过对教民的持续关注，证明自己是他们的祝福者和好朋友”。因为她哥哥亨利就是这样做的。亨利机智活泼，是她众多兄弟中最聪明的一个。他曾经经商，有些年还发了大财，但是最后破了产，领了圣职，成了一名模范的教区牧师。

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She read sermons, and was particularly fond of Sherlock’s, a divine born in the seventeenth century. That is not so surprising as at first sight appears. In my early youth I lived in a country vicarage, and in the study several shelves were closely packed with handsomely-bound collections of sermons. If they were published, it was presumably because they sold; and if they sold, it was because people read them. Jane Austen was pious without being devout. Of course she went to church on Sundays, and partook of communion; and doubtless both at Steventon and Godmersham, family prayers were read morning and evening. But, as Dr. Chapman says: “It was admittedly not an age of religious ferment.”Just as we take a bath every day and wash our teeth morning and evening, and only feel at ease if we have done so; so, I should think, Miss Austen, like most others of her generation, having with proper unction performed her religious duties, put away the matters with which religion is concerned, as one puts away an article of clothing one does not for the moment want, and, for the rest of the day and week, gave her whole mind with an untroubled conscience to secular affairs.“The evangelists were not yet.”A gentleman’s younger son was properly provided for by taking orders and being given a family living. It was unnecessary that he should have a vocation, but desirable that the house he was to live in should be commodious and the income adequate. But taking orders, it was only right that he should perform the duties of his profession. Jane Austen certainly believed that a clergyman should“live among his parishioners and prove himself by constant attention their well-wisher and friend.”That is what her brother Henry had done; he was witty and gay, the most brilliant of her brothers; he went into business and for some years greatly prospered; eventually, however, he went bankrupt. He then took orders, and was an exemplary parish priest.

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简·奥斯汀对事物的看法与当时的主流观点无异，从其小说和书信中可以得知，她对社会现状是满意的。她毫不怀疑社会应该分阶级，觉得人分穷富是自然的事情。年轻人靠有权势的朋友在为国王服务的事业中得到提升也是正确而合理的。女人的职责就是结婚，当然结婚是为了爱，可是其他条件也得令人满意。这是天下事的正常秩序，没有迹象表明简·奥斯汀认为这其中有任何值得反对的东西。她在给卡桑德拉的一封信中说：“卡洛和他妻子在朴次茅斯过着那里所能想象到的最隐秘的生活，他们连一个仆人都没有。那个女人得多有道德才能答应结这种婚啊！”范妮·普莱斯(12)家之所以生活在粗俗肮脏的环境里，皆因她母亲不谨慎的婚姻导致，这个直观的教训说明一个年轻女子在婚姻之事上应该多多慎重才对。

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Jane Austen shared the opinions common in her day and, so far as one can tell from her books and letters, was satisfied with the conditions that prevailed. She had no doubt that social distinctions were of importance, and she found it natural that there should be rich and poor. Young men, as was right and proper, obtained advancement in the service of the King by the influence of powerful friends. A woman’s business was to marry, for love certainly, but in satisfactory conditions. This was in the order of things, and there is no sign that Miss Austen saw anything in it to object to. In one of her letters to Cassandra she remarks: “Carlo and his wife live in the most private manner imaginable at Portsmouth, without keeping a servant of any kind. What a prodigious amount of virtue she must have to marry under such circumstances.”The vulgar squalor in which Fanny Price’s family lived, owing to her mother’s imprudent marriage, was an object-lesson to show how careful a young woman should be.

序号 英文/音标 中文解释 更多操作

flirt

[flɜːt]

n.调情的人;卖弄风骚的人

theatrical

[θi’ætrɪkl]

adj.剧场的;夸张的

gown

[ɡaʊn]

n.长袍;长外衣

scarf

[skɑːf]

n.围巾

ornamental

[ˌɔːnə’mentl]

adj.装饰的

discard

[dɪs’kɑːd]

vt.丢弃;抛弃

succession

[sək’seʃn]

n.连续;继承权;继位

weary

[’wɪəri]

adj.疲倦的;厌烦的

Chapman

[’tʃæpmən]

n.叫卖小贩;商人

Shakespeare

[ˈʃeɪkspɪə]

n.莎士比亚(英国诗人、剧作家)

verse

[vɜːs]

n.诗;韵文;诗节

appeal

[ə’piːl]

①[U][C]呼吁，要求;

Johnson

[ˈʤɒnsən]

n.约翰逊(人名)

miscellaneous

[ˌmɪsə’leɪniəs]

a. 杂;

sermon

[’sɜːmən]

n.布道;说教

shelve

[ʃelv]

v.放在架子上;搁置;倾斜

partake

[pɑː’teɪk]

vi.参与;分担;分享;颇有;吃;喝

clothe

[kləʊð]

vt.穿上;赋予

prosper

[’prɒspə(r)]

vi.繁盛;成功;兴旺

vulgar

[’vʌlɡə(r)]

adj.通俗的;粗俗的;乡土的

Cassandra

[kə’sændrə]

n.【希神】卡珊多拉(特洛伊女预言家)

imaginable

[ɪ’mædʒɪnəbl]

adj.可想像的;可想到的

Portsmouth

[ˈpɔːtsməθ]

n.朴次矛斯(英国港口)

prodigious

[prə’dɪdʒəs]

adj.巨大的;惊人的;奇异的

squalor

[’skwɒlə(r)]

n.肮脏;不干净

Fanny

[’fæni]

n. 范妮(女子名; Frances 的昵称)n. 屁股

imprudent

[ɪm’pruːdnt]

adj.轻率的;不谨慎的

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