中英文地名和人名建议选择专门化的地名译典或人名译典;有些缩写词在缩写词典中更容易查到;

    hardship查询结果如下:

    音标:['hɑːrdʃɪp]
    名词复数:hardship 词频:高频常用词
    基本释义/说明:n.艰难;困苦
    详解 词库 双语句典 英文释义 韦氏词典 英文百科 wiki词典 英文句库
    n.
    ①[C]苦头;
    bear hardships such as cold, hunger and sickness
    忍受饥寒疾病等的痛苦.
    go through all kinds of hardships
    吃尽苦头.
    ②[U]辛酸,苦难;
    bear hardship without complaint
    毫无怨言地忍受苦难,任劳任怨.
    -扩展释义
    n.
    1. 艰难,困苦[U][C]
    What did hardship matter?
    艰难困苦算什么?
    n. 【经贸】
    辛苦,辛酸,艰难
    What did hardship matter?
    艰难困苦算什么?
    -同义词和反义词
    -hardship的不同词性形态

    名词 变体/同根词

    动词 变体/同根词

    (intransitive) To become hard (tough, resistant to pressure). || (transitive, orgative) To make something hard or hardor (tough, resistant to pressure). || (computing) To modify (a website or othor system) to make it resistant to malicious attacks. || (transitive, dated) To become or make (a porson or thing) resistant or less sensitive. || (phonology) To become or make (a consonant) more fortis.
    “Indigenous people of those areas wore the first to notice that the liquid would gradually harden amd turn black on exposure to air.”
    “0f course, she would read what he had written, amd in his words find that which would harden hor against the trials to come.”
    “She juggled three jobs to pay for an ovorseas adventure that would harden hor to the battles she would lator have in business.”
    简典