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经济学人双语版

经济学人:约翰逊语言专栏--关于苏格兰语地位的政治辩论(2)

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(1). 1:Pronunciation is not enough to make Scots a language, or the Geordie English spoken in the north-east of England would be one, too.
2:But it also has its own vocabulary, which goes beyond the well-known “aye, bonnie lass” of ?lms and television.
3:Scots descends from Northumbrian, one of the dialects of Old English; standard southern English descends from a dialect farther south.
4:Scots retained Old English words that southern English lost, such as “bannock”. It was more in?uenced by Norse, in words such as gate (street) and kirk (church).
5:It also has words from Gaelic, not just loch and whisky but quaich(a kind of bowl)and sonse (good luck).
6:It has its own Norman French borrowings, not shared with English, such as douce(sedate, sober).
1:发音不足以使苏格兰语成为一种语言,或者英格兰东北部使用的基尼英语也是一种语言。
2:但它也有自己的词汇,超越了电影和电视中众所周知的“aye, bonnie lass”。
3:苏格兰语来自诺森伯兰,诺森伯兰古英语的一种方言;标准的南方英语起源于更南方的一种方言。
4:苏格兰人保留了古英语中一些南部英语中没有的词,比如“bannock”。它受挪威语的影响更大,比如gate(街)和kirk(教堂)。
5:它还有盖尔语的单词,不只是loch和whisky,还有quaich(一种碗)和sonse(好运)。
6:它有自己的诺曼法语借词,不与英语共享,如douce(稳重、冷静)。
(2). 1:Still, vocabulary does not make a language either.
2:More fundamental still is grammar—and here, Scots stands out again.
3:Its speakers say “I’m going to my bed” whereas Englishmen say simply “to bed”.
4:“Dinnae” is a Scots version of “don’t”. “Div” commonly replaces the auxiliary verb “do”.
5:There are past-tense forms such as jamp (jumped), and irregular plurals like een (eyes) and kye(cows).
1:然而,词汇也不能构成语言。
2:更重要的还是语法,而在这里,苏格兰人再次脱颖而出。
3:说这种话的人会说“I’m going to my bed”,而英国人会简单地说“to bed”。
4:“Div”通常代替助动词“do”。“Dinnae”是苏格兰语“don’t”的变体。
5:有过去式,如jamp(跳跃),不规则复数,如een(眼睛)和kye(奶牛)。
(3). 1:The Scots Syntax Atlas, free online, also shows how Scots varies internally.
2:If you .
3:nd a long-missing item, you might say “there it is” in English.
4:But while, in other contexts, “it is” contracts to “it’s”, you can’t say “there it’s!”—save in a belt of Scotland running roughly from Kilmarnock to Edinburgh.
5:People in that belt are unlikely to say “so apparently himself is joining us for dinner,” while northern, highland and some island Scots do.
1:免费在线的《苏格兰语法地图集》也展示了苏格兰语内部的差异。
2:如果你找到一件遗失已久的物品,你可以用英语说“there it is”。
3:但是,在其他语境中,“it is”和“it’s”是缩略语,你不能说“there it’s!”——除了从基尔马诺克到爱丁堡的苏格兰地带。
4:住在那一带的人不大可能会说:“so apparently himself is joining us for dinner(显然他是来和我们共进晚餐的)。
5:”而住在北部、高地和一些苏格兰岛屿的人则会这么说。
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