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56 俄狄浦斯

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有个预言家警告底比斯国王拉伊俄斯说:由于他和他的表妹结了婚,他可能会被他儿子杀了。为了避免杀身之祸,他命令忠实的牧羊人把刚出生的婴儿杀死。然而,这个好心的牧羊人下不了毒手。他刺穿婴儿的脚,并把双脚用绳子捆起来。然后把婴儿托给他的一个同伴照看,他的这个同伴恰好是科林斯国王的仆人。这个孩子就是俄狄浦斯。无儿无女的国王夫妇把他当作儿子和继承人抚养成人。王子从没有怀疑过国王是他亲生父亲直到有一天他听到别人在谈论他的身事。他听到这些大惑不解,便动身到特尔斐去询问他的身事。在那儿阿波罗警告他不要回他的故土,因为如果他要这样做,他就会杀了他的父亲并且和他母亲结婚。得到这个忠告,俄狄浦斯转向与科林斯相反的方向,并下定决心在他以为是生身父亲的科林斯国王在世时决不踏上故土,决心不再回到他的父母可能住的地方。

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俄狄浦斯在通往底比斯的路上没走多远就看见一辆马车朝他驶来。坐在马车上的人对挡道的年轻人怒不可遏,一边咒骂一边用鞭子抽打着年轻人的脸。俄狄浦斯一气之下跳上马车杀了那人。徒步跟着他们的主人的五个随从中只有一个侥幸逃生。俄狄浦斯根本没想到坐在马车里的人就是国王拉伊俄斯,他的父亲。这个年轻人很快到达了底比斯王国。就在这个时候,底比斯人正被一个长着女人头的名叫斯芬克斯的怪兽困扰着,她给他们出了一个谜语,没人能破解得了。如果谁能解开这个谜,谁就能登上皇帝的宝座并娶皇后为妻。俄狄浦斯在悬崖上遇到了斯芬克斯。对于这个怪兽出的谜:“什么动物在早晨用四条腿走路,在中午用两条腿走路,在晚上用三条腿走路?”他回答到:“是人,在婴幼儿时期他爬行,长大后他直立行走,老年时他柱着拐棍。”就这样,斯芬克斯跳下了悬崖。俄狄浦斯成了底比斯的国王以及王后——他母亲的丈夫。

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这件事之后很久,俄狄浦斯过着富有和受人尊重的生活。这个奇异的婚姻给他带来了四个奇异的孩子,两个儿子,两个女儿。接着悲惨的事情发生了。瘟疫席卷了整个国土。每个家庭都被传染上了这种可怕的病,每一天都要死很多人。一个预言家告诉世人说:只有将杀害前国王拉伊俄斯的凶手赶出这个国家,这场灾难才能结束。一个年老眼瞎名叫泰瑞西斯的预言家被带到国王面前。国王粗鲁的言语激怒了他,他宣称俄狄浦斯自己就是凶手。国王大吃一惊。他叫来底比斯的和科林斯族牧羊人来证明这个事实。当那两个牧羊人说到国王还是婴儿的时候就收养了他,真相终于搞清楚了。王后上吊自缢了。俄狄浦斯用针挖出了自己的双眼,使自己再也看不见明亮的阳光。他被赶出了王国。他从一个城市流浪到另一个城市,直到他在提修斯国王的雅典得到了保护,在宙斯的一次霹雷中,他神秘地结束了自己贫穷短暂的一生。

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Achilles

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Achilles felt proud of his parentage.His grandfather was noted for his justice and uprightness and became a judge in Hades after death. His father Peleus was a brave warrior and later married the beautiful sea goddess,Thet is. At the wedding of Peleus and the sea goddess,to which most of the gods were invited, the goddess of discord,Eris,feeling angry atnot being invited, threw among the guests a golden apple bearing the words“For the fairest” and stirred up a bitter quarrel whichled in the end to the Trojan war.

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Thetis loved her son very much. When Achilles was still ababy, Thet is was shocked by a prophecy that her son would diein war. To save her son,the sea goddess dipped her baby in the waters of Styx  which could protect the human body from the fire and sword. But as the heel by which she held him was dry it became the one mortal spot  in the whole body of Achilles. Thus the expression“the heel of Achilles” has come to mean“a weak spot”. Achilles spent a great part of his boyhood in the woods with the wise old centaur, Chiron, who taught him the gentlearts as well as war affairs,and prepared him well for a short but brilliant career.

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When fighters all over Greece flew to arms against Troy, aprophet foretold that Achilles was sure not to return from thewar. Determined to keep her son from the disaster, Thet is sent young Achilles to the court of the king of Scyros, where he worked in disguise as one of the handmaids waiting on the princess of Scyros . For a time trick worked. Messenger after messenger came,but all left without him. One day,a peddlar appeared in the palace,bringing with him a wide variety of womanish small things. There was,however,also a sword amongsuch goods. Whereas most of the ladies stared at the silks and veils,one of them eagerly grabbed the sword and joyfully played with it. At this the peddlar threw off his disguise and came out with his true identity. The artful Odysseus had come to fetch the hero to Aulis,where Greek ships had been waiting for both a fair wind and Achilles. Odysseus had not laboured in vain . Duringan attack on the walls of Troy, Achilles caught the sight of the beauty of Polyxena,daughter of Priam. He was so attracted bythe grace of the princess that he asked Priam to give him the hand of Polyxena in marriage . He worked hard for the peacebet ween the two sides. When his efforts proved useless, he obtained a promise from Priam that the marriage would be held after the war. Just as Achilles turned to leave,the faithless Paris took out a poisoned arrow and shot at his heel from behind. Before Achilles breathed his last, he left his armour in his will  to the bravest of the Greek heroes. This gave rise to such a fiercecon test between Ajax and Odysseus. As a result the armour was adjudged to Odysseus . So sad and desperate was Polyxena at Achilles’  death she committed suicide  in front of his magnificent tomb.

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End

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