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道德经|The Tao-te Ching

第61章|Chapter 61

属类: 双语小说 【分类】古汉语经典 -[作者: 老子] 阅读:[8978]
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大国者下流也,天下之牝。

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天下之交也,牝常以静胜牡。

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为其静也故宜为下。

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故大国以下小国,则取小国;

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小国以下大国,则取大国。

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故或下以取,或下而取。

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大国不过欲,兼畜人;小国不过欲,入事人。

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夫两者各得其所欲,大者宜为下。

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大国善处下游,它就可以像天下柔静的雌牝一样。天下雌雄之间的交合,雌牝通常以柔静而胜过俊躁的雄牡。这是因为她柔静而适应于处下的缘故。所以,大国比小国善于处下,则可以主导小国;小国比大国善于处下,则可以谋求主导作用。所以,有的可以凭籍处下态势以占居主导地位,有的则可以使自己善于处下而谋求主导作用。大国不过分贪欲而让小国分享国际资源,小国不过分贪欲而让大国占居领导地位。它们双方要达成如此稳定的利益妥协,大的应该善于处下。

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1. What makes a great state is its being (like) a low-lying, down- flowing (stream);--it becomes the centre to which tend (all the small states) under heaven.

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2. (To illustrate from) the case of all females:--the female always overcomes the male by her stillness. Stillness may be considered (a sort of) abasement.

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3. Thus it is that a great state, by condescending to small states, gains them for itself; and that small states, by abasing themselves to a great state, win it over to them. In the one case the abasement leads to gaining adherents, in the other case to procuring favour.

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4. The great state only wishes to unite men together and nourish them; a small state only wishes to be received by, and to serve, the other. Each gets what it desires, but the great state must learn to abase itself.

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