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堂吉诃德|Don Quixote

Part 2 第74章|Part 2 Chapter 72

属类： 双语小说 【分类】世界名著 -[作者: 塞万提斯] 阅读：[44699]
《堂吉诃德》是一部幽默诙谐、滑稽可笑、充满了奇思妙想的长篇文学巨著。此书主要描写了一个有趣、可敬、可悲、喜欢自欺欺人的没落贵族堂吉诃德，他痴狂地迷恋古代骑士小说，以至于放弃家业，用破甲驽马装扮成古代骑士的样子，再雇佣农民桑乔作侍从，三次出征周游全国，去创建所谓的扶弱锄强的骑士业绩。他们在征险的生涯中闹出了许多笑话，到处碰壁受辱，堂吉诃德多次被打成重伤，有一次还被当成疯子关在笼子里遣送回乡。最后，他因征战不利郁郁寡欢而与世长辞，临终前他那一番貌似悔悟的话语让人匪夷所思又哭笑不得。
《 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 》
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人世间一切事物，无不经历了由兴至衰并且最后导致消亡的历程，特别是人的生命。唐吉诃德的生命也并未得到老天的特别关照，因而不知不觉地走了下坡路。也许是因为他被打败了，心中郁郁不乐，也许是因为老天的安排，他高烧不退，在床上躺了六天。神甫、学士和理发师常常来看他，桑乔也一直守在他床边。他们估计，唐吉诃德是因为被打败造成的忧伤，以及未能实现他为杜尔西内亚解除魔法的初衷而病倒的，便尽可能地为他宽心。学士叫唐吉诃德振作起精神来，准备过牧羊人的生活，为此他还写了一首牧歌，可以说超过了萨纳萨罗①所有的诗；此外，他还花钱买了两只著名的牧羊犬，一只叫巴尔西诺，另一只叫布特龙，是一个叫金塔纳尔的牧人卖给他的；可是，唐吉诃德仍然愁眉不展。

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①萨纳萨罗是意大利诗人，曾出版诗集《牧人乐园》。

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朋友们又为唐吉诃德请来了大夫。大夫号了脉，说情况不好，现在无论如何得先拯救他的灵魂，他的身体已经很危险了。唐吉诃德听了以后很镇静，可是女管家、外甥女和侍从却伤心地哭了起来，好像唐吉诃德已经死到临头了。大夫认为忧郁是唐吉诃德的病根。唐吉诃德说，他想一个人呆一会儿，睡一会儿觉。大家出去了，唐吉诃德一下子就睡了六个小时。女管家和外甥女生怕唐吉诃德一下子睡过去，可他醒来后却大声说道：

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“感谢万能的上帝，给了我如此的恩典。上帝慈悲无量，盖过了世人所有的罪孽！”

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外甥女仔细听着，觉得他的谈吐比以前清醒了，至少比生病期间清醒了，便问道：

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“您说什么呀？咱们又得了什么新的恩典？慈悲是怎么回事？罪孽是怎么回事？”

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“慈悲就是上帝现在对我发的慈悲。”唐吉诃德说，“外甥女，我刚才说，他的慈悲盖过了世人所有的罪孽。他恢复了我的理智，使我不再受任何干扰。过去，我老是读那些该死的骑士小说，给自己罩上了无知的阴云。现在，这些阴云已荡然无存。我已清楚那些书纯属胡说八道，只是深悔自己觉悟太迟，没有时间去研读一些启迪心灵智慧的书来补救了。外甥女啊，我发现自己死期已至，尽管我一生都被别人当成疯子，我在死时却不愿如此。孩子，去把我的好朋友神甫、卡拉斯科学士和尼古拉斯师傅叫来吧，我要忏悔和立遗嘱。”

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这三个人正好进来了。唐吉诃德一见到他们就说：

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“善良的大人们，我有个好消息，我不再是曼查的唐吉诃德了，而是阿隆索·基哈诺，人们习惯称我为‘大好人’。我现在把高卢的阿马迪斯和他的世代家族视为仇敌，对所有荒诞不经的骑士小说弃如敝屣。我意识到了阅读这些小说的愚蠢性和危险性。靠上帝的慈悲，我现在已翻然悔悟，对骑士小说深恶痛绝了。”

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三个人听了都以为唐吉诃德又发疯了。参孙说道：

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“唐吉诃德大人，您这是怎么了？我们刚刚得到消息说，杜尔西内亚夫人已经摆脱了魔法。现在咱们马上就要去当牧人，过无忧无虑、无拘无束的生活了，您怎么又临阵退缩呢？

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您清醒清醒，别再说了。”

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“正是那些东西害了我一辈子，”唐吉诃德说，“靠老天帮忙，但愿在我临死前，它们能对我转害为益。大人们，我觉得我现在已行将就木，别再耍弄我了。请你们找个忏悔神父和公证人来吧，我要立遗嘱。在这种时刻不应该拿人的灵魂开玩笑。所以，我请神甫听我忏悔，其他人去找公证人来。”

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大家听了唐吉诃德的话十分惊奇，面面相觑。尽管他们仍有所怀疑，但还是愿意相信这件事，料想是唐吉诃德快死了，因此由疯癫变得明智了。他还说了许多虚诚而有道理的话，证明他确实已经恢复正常了。

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神甫让大家出去，他自己留下听唐吉诃德忏悔。学士去找公证人，一会儿就和桑乔一起回来了。桑乔听学士介绍了唐吉诃德现在的状况，又见女管家和外甥女哭哭啼啼，也抽泣起来，泪流满面。唐吉诃德忏悔完，神甫出来说道：

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“这个神智清醒的大好人阿隆索·基哈诺真是要死了，咱们进去为他立遗嘱吧。”

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女管家、外甥女和唐吉诃德的好侍从桑乔听到这话泪水又夺眶而出，而且哽咽不止。前面讲过，无论在这个唐吉诃德确实是大好人阿隆索·基哈诺的时候，还是在后来成了曼查的唐吉诃德以后，都性情温和，待人厚道，所以不仅家里人喜欢他，村里所有认识他的人也都喜欢他。公证人跟着大家来到唐吉诃德的房间里，准备好了遗嘱的开头格式。在为唐吉诃德的灵魂祝福后，人们又按照基督教的规定举行了仪式，然后唐吉诃德说道：

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“遗嘱内容：我曾自愿将一笔钱交给桑乔·潘萨掌管。在我疯癫的时期，他充当了我的侍从。现在，我们之间的帐目和纠葛我不再追究，他也不必再向我交代帐目。如果除了我欠他的款项之外还略有结余，也全部都归他所有，但愿能对他有所帮助。在我疯癫之时，我曾让他出任岛屿的总督，现在我并不糊涂，如果可能的话，我将让他出任一个王国的国王，他忠厚老实，受之无愧。”

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唐吉诃德又转过头对桑乔说：

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“朋友，请原谅我把你害得像我和世界上的所有游侠骑士一样疯疯癫癫。”

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“哎哟，”桑乔哭着说道，“您可别死呀。您听听我的劝，长命百岁吧。一个人最大的疯癫就是让自己无缘无故地死去！现在既没人杀您，也没人打您，您可别因为忧郁就结束了自己的性命。您别犯懒了，从床上爬起来，咱们按照约定的那样，穿上牧人的服装到野外去吧，也许咱们能在某一丛灌木后面碰到杜尔西内亚呢，肯定能碰到！如果您因为战败而忧郁致死，那全都怨我，是我没把罗西南多的肚带拴好，让它把您摔了下来。况且，您在那些骑士小说里也见到过，一些骑士被另外一些骑士打败是常有的事，今日败，明天又会胜嘛。”

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“是这样，”参孙说道，“桑乔这些话说得确实很对。”

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“诸位大人，”唐吉诃德说，“且听我说，一朝天子一朝臣。我过去是疯子，现在不疯了；我以前是曼查的唐吉诃德，现在就像刚才我说过的，我是大好人阿隆索·基哈诺。但愿诸位见我真心忏悔，能够像以前一样尊重我。请继续写下去吧，公证人大人。

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“内容：除去应扣除的款项外，将我的全部财产遗赠给我在场的外甥女安东尼娅·基哈娜，但首先应支付女管家在我家做工期间应得到的全部报酬，另外再加二十个杜卡多和一件衣服。我指定在场的神甫大人和参孙·卡拉斯科学士大人为遗嘱执行人。

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“内容：如果我的外甥女安东尼娅·基哈娜愿意结婚，她必须嫁给一个经查明对骑士小说一无所知的人；若查明此人读过骑士小说，而我的外甥女仍然愿意同他结婚，并且同他结了婚，我将收回我的成命，由我的遗嘱执行人将我的财产捐赠给慈善机构。

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“内容：我请求上述遗嘱执行人，如果遇到那位据说是撰写了《唐吉诃德》下卷的作者，请代我向他竭诚致歉。我竟意想不到地促成他写了这部荒谬绝伦的小说，对此我深感不安。”

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立完遗嘱，唐吉诃德昏了过去，直挺挺地躺在床上。大家七手八脚地赶紧抢救，就这样醒过来又昏过去地持续了三天。

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唐吉诃德家里乱成一团，不过，外甥女照常吃饭，女管家依然喝酒，桑乔情绪也还行，因为继承的财产多多少少减轻了继承者怀念垂死者的悲伤。最后，唐吉诃德接受了各种圣礼，又慷慨陈词地抨击了骑士小说之后便溘然长逝了。公证人当时在场，他说，他从未在任何一本骑士小说里看到过任何一个游侠骑士像唐吉诃德这样安然死在了床上。唐吉诃德在亲友的同情和眼泪中魂归西天，也就是说他死了。

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神甫见状立刻请公证人出具证明：人称曼查的唐吉诃德的大好人阿隆索·基哈诺已经过世，属自然死亡。神甫这样做是为了避免有人在锡德·哈迈德之后又杜撰唐吉诃德起死回生，建立了无穷无尽的英雄业绩等等。唐吉诃德从此告别了人间。关于他的家乡，锡德·哈迈德不愿明确指出来，以便让曼查所有村镇的人都以为自己是唐吉诃德的后代，就像希腊的六个城市都争说荷马是自己那个地方的人一样。

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至于桑乔、外甥女和女管家如何哀悼唐吉诃德，我们姑且略去，只说参孙·卡拉斯科学士在唐吉诃德的墓碑上写的墓志铭吧：

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高尚贵族，

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长眠此地，

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英勇绝伦，

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虽死犹生，

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功盖天地。

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雄踞世界，

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震憾寰宇，

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身经百难，

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生前疯癫，

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死后颖异。

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具有远见卓识的锡德·哈迈德又写道：“我的笔呀，我且把你搁置于此。你将存在几个世纪，也许会有某些文痞把你重新拿起，滥用一气。不过，不等他们下手，我就要用最好的方式告诉他们：

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请不要碰这支笔，

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不要那么卑鄙；

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这项伟大的事业

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专为我立。

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“唐吉诃德只为我而生，我也只为他而生；他能做，我能写，只有我们俩能够合二为一。托德西利亚斯的冒牌作家竟敢用他的拙笔刻画我们的英勇骑士的业绩，实在是力不从心，才思也不够功底。如果你碰到了他，就告诉他，还是让唐吉诃德那把老骨头安息吧。不要违背死亡的规律，让他又从墓地里跑出来，到旧卡斯蒂利亚去了①。他确实已经躺到了地下，不可能再作第三次出游了。他两次出征，已经让人们把游侠骑士的行径嘲弄得淋漓尽致了，无论是当地还是其他王国的人对此都很赞赏。你对怀有恶意的人好言相劝，已经尽到了你作为基督徒的义务。我的愿望无非是让人们对那些骑士小说里人物的荒诞行径深恶痛绝。现在，我首先享受到了这种成果，已经心满意足。由于我这本关于唐吉诃德的真实故事，骑士小说将日趋衰落，并且最终将彻底消亡。

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再见。

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①那本伪作说，唐吉诃德从疯人院出来后又去了旧卡斯蒂利亚等地方。

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All that day Don Quixote and Sancho remained in the village and inn waiting for night, the one to finish off his task of scourging in the open country, the other to see it accomplished, for therein lay the accomplishment of his wishes. Meanwhile there arrived at the hostelry a traveller on horseback with three or four servants, one of whom said to him who appeared to be the master, “Here, Senor Don Alvaro Tarfe, your worship may take your siesta to-day; the quarters seem clean and cool.”

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When he heard this Don Quixote said to Sancho, “Look here, Sancho; on turning over the leaves of that book of the Second Part of my history I think I came casually upon this name of Don Alvaro Tarfe.”

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“Very likely,” said Sancho; “we had better let him dismount, and by-and-by we can ask about it.”

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The gentleman dismounted, and the landlady gave him a room on the ground floor opposite Don Quixote’s and adorned with painted serge hangings of the same sort. The newly arrived gentleman put on a summer coat, and coming out to the gateway of the hostelry, which was wide and cool, addressing Don Quixote, who was pacing up and down there, he asked, “In what direction your worship bound, gentle sir?”

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“To a village near this which is my own village,” replied Don Quixote; “and your worship, where are you bound for?”

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“I am going to Granada, senor,” said the gentleman, “to my own country.”

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“And a goodly country,” said Don Quixote; “but will your worship do me the favour of telling me your name, for it strikes me it is of more importance to me to know it than I can tell you.”

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“My name is Don Alvaro Tarfe,” replied the traveller.

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To which Don Quixote returned, “I have no doubt whatever that your worship is that Don Alvaro Tarfe who appears in print in the Second Part of the history of Don Quixote of La Mancha, lately printed and published by a new author.”

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“I am the same,” replied the gentleman; “and that same Don Quixote, the principal personage in the said history, was a very great friend of mine, and it was I who took him away from home, or at least induced him to come to some jousts that were to be held at Saragossa, whither I was going myself; indeed, I showed him many kindnesses, and saved him from having his shoulders touched up by the executioner because of his extreme rashness.”

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Tell me, Senor Don Alvaro,” said Don Quixote, “am I at all like that Don Quixote you talk of?”

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“No indeed,” replied the traveller, “not a bit.”

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“And that Don Quixote — ” said our one, “had he with him a squire called Sancho Panza?”

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“He had,” said Don Alvaro; “but though he had the name of being very droll, I never heard him say anything that had any drollery in it.”

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“That I can well believe,” said Sancho at this, “for to come out with drolleries is not in everybody’s line; and that Sancho your worship speaks of, gentle sir, must be some great scoundrel, dunderhead, and thief, all in one; for I am the real Sancho Panza, and I have more drolleries than if it rained them; let your worship only try; come along with me for a year or so, and you will find they fall from me at every turn, and so rich and so plentiful that though mostly I don’t know what I am saying I make everybody that hears me laugh. And the real Don Quixote of La Mancha, the famous, the valiant, the wise, the lover, the righter of wrongs, the guardian of minors and orphans, the protector of widows, the killer of damsels, he who has for his sole mistress the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso, is this gentleman before you, my master; all other Don Quixotes and all other Sancho Panzas are dreams and mockeries.”

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“By God I believe it,” said Don Alvaro; “for you have uttered more drolleries, my friend, in the few words you have spoken than the other Sancho Panza in all I ever heard from him, and they were not a few. He was more greedy than well-spoken, and more dull than droll; and I am convinced that the enchanters who persecute Don Quixote the Good have been trying to persecute me with Don Quixote the Bad. But I don’t know what to say, for I am ready to swear I left him shut up in the Casa del Nuncio at Toledo, and here another Don Quixote turns up, though a very different one from mine.”

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“I don’t know whether I am good,” said Don Quixote, “but I can safely say I am not ‘the Bad;’ and to prove it, let me tell you, Senor Don Alvaro Tarfe, I have never in my life been in Saragossa; so far from that, when it was told me that this imaginary Don Quixote had been present at the jousts in that city, I declined to enter it, in order to drag his falsehood before the face of the world; and so I went on straight to Barcelona, the treasure-house of courtesy, haven of strangers, asylum of the poor, home of the valiant, champion of the wronged, pleasant exchange of firm friendships, and city unrivalled in site and beauty. And though the adventures that befell me there are not by any means matters of enjoyment, but rather of regret, I do not regret them, simply because I have seen it. In a word, Senor Don Alvaro Tarfe, I am Don Quixote of La Mancha, the one that fame speaks of, and not the unlucky one that has attempted to usurp my name and deck himself out in my ideas. I entreat your worship by your devoir as a gentleman to be so good as to make a declaration before the alcalde of this village that you never in all your life saw me until now, and that neither am I the Don Quixote in print in the Second Part, nor this Sancho Panza, my squire, the one your worship knew.”

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“That I will do most willingly,” replied Don Alvaro; “though it amazes me to find two Don Quixotes and two Sancho Panzas at once, as much alike in name as they differ in demeanour; and again I say and declare that what I saw I cannot have seen, and that what happened me cannot have happened.”

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“No doubt your worship is enchanted, like my lady Dulcinea del Toboso,” said Sancho; “and would to heaven your disenchantment rested on my giving myself another three thousand and odd lashes like what I’m giving myself for her, for I’d lay them on without looking for anything.”

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“I don’t understand that about the lashes,” said Don Alvaro. Sancho replied that it was a long story to tell, but he would tell him if they happened to he going the same road.

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By this dinner-time arrived, and Don Quixote and Don Alvaro dined together. The alcalde of the village came by chance into the inn together with a notary, and Don Quixote laid a petition before him, showing that it was requisite for his rights that Don Alvaro Tarfe, the gentleman there present, should make a declaration before him that he did not know Don Quixote of La Mancha, also there present, and that he was not the one that was in print in a history entitled “Second Part of Don Quixote of La Mancha, by one Avellaneda of Tordesillas.” The alcalde finally put it in legal form, and the declaration was made with all the formalities required in such cases, at which Don Quixote and Sancho were in high delight, as if a declaration of the sort was of any great importance to them, and as if their words and deeds did not plainly show the difference between the two Don Quixotes and the two Sanchos. Many civilities and offers of service were exchanged by Don Alvaro and Don Quixote, in the course of which the great Manchegan displayed such good taste that he disabused Don Alvaro of the error he was under; and he, on his part, felt convinced he must have been enchanted, now that he had been brought in contact with two such opposite Don Quixotes.

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Evening came, they set out from the village, and after about half a league two roads branched off, one leading to Don Quixote’s village, the other the road Don Alvaro was to follow. In this short interval Don Quixote told him of his unfortunate defeat, and of Dulcinea’s enchantment and the remedy, all which threw Don Alvaro into fresh amazement, and embracing Don Quixote and Sancho he went his way, and Don Quixote went his. That night he passed among trees again in order to give Sancho an opportunity of working out his penance, which he did in the same fashion as the night before, at the expense of the bark of the beech trees much more than of his back, of which he took such good care that the lashes would not have knocked off a fly had there been one there. The duped Don Quixote did not miss a single stroke of the count, and he found that together with those of the night before they made up three thousand and twenty-nine. The sun apparently had got up early to witness the sacrifice, and with his light they resumed their journey, discussing the deception practised on Don Alvaro, and saying how well done it was to have taken his declaration before a magistrate in such an unimpeachable form. That day and night they travelled on, nor did anything worth mention happen them, unless it was that in the course of the night Sancho finished off his task, whereat Don Quixote was beyond measure joyful. He watched for daylight, to see if along the road he should fall in with his already disenchanted lady Dulcinea; and as he pursued his journey there was no woman he met that he did not go up to, to see if she was Dulcinea del Toboso, as he held it absolutely certain that Merlin’s promises could not lie. Full of these thoughts and anxieties, they ascended a rising ground wherefrom they descried their own village, at the sight of which Sancho fell on his knees exclaiming, “Open thine eyes, longed-for home, and see how thy son Sancho Panza comes back to thee, if not very rich, very well whipped! Open thine arms and receive, too, thy son Don Quixote, who, if he comes vanquishe by the arm of another, comes victor over himself, which, as he himself has told me, is the greatest victory anyone can desire. I’m bringing back money, for if I was well whipped, I went mounted like a gentleman.”

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“Have done with these fooleries,” said Don Quixote; “let us push on straight and get to our own place, where we will give free range to our fancies, and settle our plans for our future pastoral life.”

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With this they descended the slope and directed their steps to their village.

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