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堂吉诃德|Don Quixote

Part 2 第5章|Part 2 Chapter 4

属类： 双语小说 【分类】世界名著 -[作者: 塞万提斯] 阅读：[44712]
《堂吉诃德》是一部幽默诙谐、滑稽可笑、充满了奇思妙想的长篇文学巨著。此书主要描写了一个有趣、可敬、可悲、喜欢自欺欺人的没落贵族堂吉诃德，他痴狂地迷恋古代骑士小说，以至于放弃家业，用破甲驽马装扮成古代骑士的样子，再雇佣农民桑乔作侍从，三次出征周游全国，去创建所谓的扶弱锄强的骑士业绩。他们在征险的生涯中闹出了许多笑话，到处碰壁受辱，堂吉诃德多次被打成重伤，有一次还被当成疯子关在笼子里遣送回乡。最后，他因征战不利郁郁寡欢而与世长辞，临终前他那一番貌似悔悟的话语让人匪夷所思又哭笑不得。
《 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 字+字- 行+行- 页+页- 》
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这部小说的译者译到第五章时，怀疑这部分是伪造的，因为桑乔在此处的妙论不同于以往那样傻话连篇，而是言语精辟，这在桑乔是不可能的。不过，译者并没有因此而不履行自己的职责，还是照译如下：

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桑乔兴高采烈地回家去了。他的妻子从远处就看到了他那高兴的样子，忍不住问他：

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“你怎么了，桑乔，干吗乐成这个样子？”

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桑乔回答说：

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“我的老伴儿呀，但愿上帝能让我不像现在这样高兴，我才乐意呢。”

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“我不明白，老伴儿，”她说道，“你说，但愿上帝能让你不像现在这样高兴你才乐意呢，这是什么意思？我虽然傻，却没听说过有谁不高兴才称心如意呢。”

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“你看，特雷莎，”桑乔说，“我高兴是因为我已经决定再次去服侍我的主人唐吉诃德，他要第三次出去征险了。我又跟他出去是因为我需要这样，而且我还指望这次能再找到一百个盾呢。我正是为此而高兴的。那一百个盾咱们已经花掉了。不过，要离开你和孩子我又难过。如果上帝能够让我不必在外颠沛流离，而是在家里坐享清福，我当然更高兴了。现在，我是既高兴又掺着与你分别的痛苦，所以我刚才说，如果上帝不让我像现在这样高兴我才乐意呢。”

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“你看你，桑乔，”特雷莎说，“自从你跟了游侠骑士以后，说话总是拐弯抹角的，谁也听不懂。”

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“上帝能听懂就行了，老伴儿，”桑乔说，“上帝无所不懂。咱们就说到这儿吧，这三天你最好先照看好驴，让它能时刻整装待发。你要加倍喂料，仔细检查驮鞍和其他鞍具。我们不是去参加婚礼，而是去游历世界，遇到的是巨人和妖魔鬼怪，听到的是各种鬼哭狼嚎。如果不碰上杨瓜斯人和会魔法的摩尔人，这些都算小事哩。”

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“我完全相信，老伴儿，”特雷莎说，“游侠侍从这碗饭也不是白吃的。我会祈求上帝让你尽早脱离这个倒霉的行当。”

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“我告诉你，老伴儿呀，”桑乔说，“要不是想到我要当岛屿的总督，我早就死在这儿了。”

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“别这样，我的丈夫，”特雷莎说，“‘鸡就是长了舌疮也得活呀’。你可得活着，让世界上所有的总督都见鬼去吧。你没当总督也从你娘肚子里出来了，没当总督也活到了现在；不当总督，若是上帝让你去坟墓，你就是自己不愿去，也会有人把你送去的。世界上那么多人没当总督，人家也没有因此就活不下去，也没有因此就不是人了。世界上最好的调味汁就是饥饿，而穷人从来不缺饿，所以吃东西总是那么香。不过你听着，桑乔，万一你当了什么总督，一定别忘了我和你的孩子们。你看，小桑乔已经满十五岁了，如果你那位当修道院院长的叔叔想让他以后当神甫，也该让他去学习了。你再看看你的女儿玛丽·桑查吧，如果不让她结婚，她非死了不可。现在越来越看得出来，她特别想有个丈夫，就像你想当总督似的。反正，当个不如意的老婆也比当高级姘头强。”

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“我明白，”桑乔说，“如果上帝让我当个总督什么的，我一定要让玛丽·桑查嫁给一个地位高的人。谁不能让她当上贵夫人就休想娶她。”

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“不，不，桑乔，”特雷莎说，“让她嫁给一个地位相当的人才合适。你要让她不穿木屐而换上软木厚底鞋，不穿粗呢裙而换上带裙撑的绸裙①，不叫玛丽，不以‘你’相称，而是称‘唐娜某某’或‘贵夫人’，那可不是她所能做到的，准得处处出洋相，露出她的粗陋本性来。”

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①木屐和粗呢裙给穷人穿，厚底鞋和绸裙给富人穿。

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“住嘴，你这个傻瓜，”桑乔说，“过两三年就都适应了，该有的派头和尊严也就有了。即使没有又怎么样呢？她还是贵夫人，想怎么办就怎么办。”

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“你看看自己的身份吧，桑乔，”特雷莎说，“别净想高攀了。你记着，俗话说，‘邻居的儿子在眼前，擦干净鼻子领进门’。咱们的玛丽若是真能嫁给一个伯爵或骑士，那当然是好事，可就怕他随意欺负玛丽，说她是乡巴佬、庄稼妹、纺织女。只要有我在就休想，老伴儿！她可是我养大的！你只管拿钱来，桑乔，她的婚事由我来办。我看好了，有个洛佩·托乔，是胡安·托乔的儿子，一个健壮又结实的小伙子，咱们都认识他。我知道他对咱们的女儿印象不错。门当户对，这门亲事错不了。而且，这样玛丽总在咱们眼皮底下，大家都是一家人，父母、儿女、孙子和女婿，大家和睦相处，共享天伦之乐。你别着急把她嫁到宫廷和王府去，在那儿人家与她合不到一起，她也与人家合不到一起。”

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“够了，你这个乱搅和的粗俗女人！”桑乔说，“你干吗平白无故地不让我把女儿嫁给那种能给我生‘高贵’孙子的人？你看，特雷莎，我总是听老人们说，‘福来不享，福走了就别怨’。现在福气已经来到咱家门口，咱们若是把门关上就不对了，咱们应该借此东风嘛。”

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本书的译者认为，桑乔的这段话和下面的一段话都是杜撰的。

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“你这个害人虫，”桑乔接着说，“如果我当上一个有油水的总督，咱们从此就翻了身，难道你觉得不好吗？我要把玛丽·桑查嫁给我选中的人，你看吧，到时候人们就会称你为‘唐娜特雷莎·潘萨’。不管那些贵夫人如何不愿意，你去教堂的时候都可以坐在细毯制的坐垫上，还有绸子。你不能一辈子总是这样，像个摆设似的。这件事不用再说了。不管你怎么讲，小桑查也得当个伯爵夫人。”

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“我看你说得太多了，老伴儿，”特雷莎说，“不管怎么说，我还是怕她当这个伯爵夫人或者王妃。我可告诉你，这并不是我的意思，我也没同意。伙计，我一直主张门当户对，最看不上那种自己本来什么也不是却要攀龙附凤的人。我洗礼时起的名字是特雷莎，这个名字多痛快，没有什么这个那个，还罗哩罗嗦地‘唐’什么、‘唐娜’什么的。我的父亲叫卡斯卡霍。我是你的女人，所以人家又叫我特雷莎·潘萨，本来我应该叫特雷莎·卡斯卡霍，可法律就是国王①，我对特雷莎·潘萨这个名字挺满意，不用加什么‘唐’，那我担当不起。我也不愿意让人见我穿得像个伯爵夫人或总督夫人似的，背后却说：‘你们看，那个喂猪婆还挺傲慢的，昨天还披着麻袋片，去教堂时没头巾，用裙摆包脑袋，今天就穿着带裙撑的裙子，戴着装饰别针，神气十足了，好像咱们不知道她是谁似的。’上帝让我七官或五官俱全，别管有几官吧，我才不想让人家这么说呢。你呢，伙计，去当你的总督或是岛督吧，愿意威风就威风去吧。可我和女儿，我向我已故的母亲发誓，我们绝不离开村子一步。好女就好比没有腿，大门不出，二门不迈。正派的女孩子，干活才是幸福。你跟随你的唐吉诃德去找你们的好运，让我们母女在家倒霉吧。我们是好人，上帝自然会帮助我们，让我们时来运转。我就是不明白，他的父母和祖父母都没有‘唐’的称号，是谁给他封了‘唐’字。”

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“我告诉你，”桑乔说，“你现在大概是中魔了。上帝保佑，老伴儿，你干吗要把这些没头没尾的事连在一起？我说的那些同碎石子②、首饰别针、俗话和神气有什么关系？听着，你这个笨蛋，我只得这么叫你，因为你总是听不明白我的话。我是说，假如让我的女儿从一个高塔上跳下来，或者沉沦堕落，就像乌拉卡公主③打算的那样，你或许有理由不按照我说的去做。可如果转眼之间，我就能给她安上一个‘唐娜’或贵夫人的头衔，让她脱离苦海，一步登天，让她的会客室里的阿尔摩哈达④比摩洛哥的阿尔摩哈达时期的摩尔人还多，你干吗不同意或不愿意让我这样做呢？”

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①应为“国王就是法律”，特雷莎把话说反了。

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②特雷莎的父亲名叫卡斯卡霍。卡斯卡霍有碎石子的意思。

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③乌拉卡公主是西班牙国王费尔南多一世的女儿，见父亲把国土只分给她的三个兄弟，便威胁要去操皮肉生涯，迫使父亲给了她一个城。

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④此处为垫子的意思。穆瓦希德人也译为阿尔摩哈达人。两者发音相同。

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“你知道为什么吗，老伴儿？”特雷莎说，“因为俗话说，‘看得见看不见全是他’。对穷人大家都视而不见，可是对富人就盯住不放。如果某个富人以前曾经是穷人，大家就议论纷纷，说东道西，没完没了。这种人大街上有的是，就像蜜蜂似的一堆一堆的。”

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“听着，特雷莎，”桑乔说，“你听我对你说句话，这句话也许你这辈子都没听说过，现在我来告诉你。我要说的这句话是一位神父上次四旬斋布道时讲的，如果我没记错的话，他说的是：‘眼前的东西明摆着，给人的印象比所有过去的东西都深刻。’”

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桑乔的这些话又让译者怀疑本章部分是杜撰的，因为它已经超出了桑乔的能力。桑乔又接着说道：

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“所以，当我们看到某个人梳理整齐、穿着华丽而且有佣人前呼后拥的时候，就仿佛有一种力量使我们对他油然而生敬意，因为那个时刻产生的印象使我们不由自主地感到在他面前矮了一截儿，这就使人们忘记了他的过去，不管他过去是贫穷还是有身份，反正那都是过去的事了，人们只注意到他的现在。命运使这个人由卑微转为高贵，如果他有教养，人大方，对大家都很客气，不同那些世袭贵族闹什么不和，你放心，特雷莎，不会有人记得他的过去，而只会注重他的现在，除非是那种总爱嫉妒别人、看见别人富了就不高兴的家伙。神父说的就是这个意思。”

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“我听不懂你说的这些，老伴儿，”特雷莎说，“你想怎么办就怎么办吧，别在这儿长篇大论地让我头疼了。如果你决意要像你说的那样做……”

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“你应该说‘决定’，老伴儿，”桑乔说，“不是‘决意’。”

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“别跟我争，老伴儿。”特雷莎说，“上帝就是叫我这么说的，我不会说错的。我是说，你如果一定要当总督，就把你儿子小桑乔带走，让他从现在起就学着做总督吧。子继父业是完全正当的。”

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“我一当上总督，”桑乔说，“就会派人来接他，还会给你寄钱来。我肯定会有钱。当总督的如果没有钱，肯定会有人借给他。你也得穿得像个样子，别跟现在似的。”

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“你就寄你的钱来吧，”特雷莎说，“我肯定会穿得像个贵夫人。”

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“那咱们就商定了，”桑乔说，“让咱们的女儿做个伯爵夫人。”

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“等我看到她当了伯爵夫人，”特雷莎说，“我就当她已经死了埋了。不过，我再说一遍，你愿意怎么做就怎么做，反正我们女人生来就是这个命，嫁鸡随鸡，嫁狗随狗。”

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说到这儿，特雷莎哭起来，仿佛她已经看见小桑查死了埋了似的。桑乔安慰她说，他们的女儿肯定会做伯爵夫人，不过他会安排得尽可能晚些。他们的谈话就这样结束了。桑乔又去看望唐吉诃德，准备收拾启程。

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Sancho came back to Don Quixote’s house, and returning to the late subject of conversation, he said, “As to what Senor Samson said, that he would like to know by whom, or how, or when my ass was stolen, I say in reply that the same night we went into the Sierra Morena, flying from the Holy Brotherhood after that unlucky adventure of the galley slaves, and the other of the corpse that was going to Segovia, my master and I ensconced ourselves in a thicket, and there, my master leaning on his lance, and I seated on my Dapple, battered and weary with the late frays we fell asleep as if it had been on four feather mattresses; and I in particular slept so sound, that, whoever he was, he was able to come and prop me up on four stakes, which he put under the four corners of the pack-saddle in such a way that he left me mounted on it, and took away Dapple from under me without my feeling it.”

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“That is an easy matter,” said Don Quixote, “and it is no new occurrence, for the same thing happened to Sacripante at the siege of Albracca; the famous thief, Brunello, by the same contrivance, took his horse from between his legs.”

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“Day came,” continued Sancho, “and the moment I stirred the stakes gave way and I fell to the ground with a mighty come down; I looked about for the ass, but could not see him; the tears rushed to my eyes and I raised such a lamentation that, if the author of our history has not put it in, he may depend upon it he has left out a good thing. Some days after, I know not how many, travelling with her ladyship the Princess Micomicona, I saw my ass, and mounted upon him, in the dress of a gipsy, was that Gines de Pasamonte, the great rogue and rascal that my master and I freed from the chain.”

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“That is not where the mistake is,” replied Samson; “it is, that before the ass has turned up, the author speaks of Sancho as being mounted on it.”

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“I don’t know what to say to that,” said Sancho, “unless that the historian made a mistake, or perhaps it might be a blunder of the printer’s .”

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“No doubt that’s it,” said Samson; “but what became of the hundred crowns? Did they vanish?”

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To which Sancho answered, “I spent them for my own good, and my wife’s , and my children’s, and it is they that have made my wife bear so patiently all my wanderings on highways and byways, in the service of my master, Don Quixote; for if after all this time I had come back to the house without a rap and without the ass, it would have been a poor look-out for me; and if anyone wants to know anything more about me, here I am, ready to answer the king himself in person; and it is no affair of anyone’s whether I took or did not take, whether I spent or did not spend; for the whacks that were given me in these journeys were to be paid for in money, even if they were valued at no more than four maravedis apiece, another hundred crowns would not pay me for half of them. Let each look to himself and not try to make out white black, and black white; for each of us is as God made him, aye, and often worse.”

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“I will take care,” said Carrasco, “to impress upon the author of the history that, if he prints it again, he must not forget what worthy Sancho has said, for it will raise it a good span higher.”

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“Is there anything else to correct in the history, senor bachelor?” asked Don Quixote.

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“No doubt there is,” replied he; “but not anything that will be of the same importance as those I have mentioned.”

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“Does the author promise a second part at all?” said Don Quixote.

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“He does promise one,” replied Samson; “but he says he has not found it, nor does he know who has got it; and we cannot say whether it will appear or not; and so, on that head, as some say that no second part has ever been good, and others that enough has been already written about Don Quixote, it is thought there will be no second part; though some, who are jovial rather than saturnine, say, ‘Let us have more Quixotades, let Don Quixote charge and Sancho chatter, and no matter what it may turn out, we shall be satisfied with that.’”

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“And what does the author mean to do?” said Don Quixote.

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“What?” replied Samson; “why, as soon as he has found the history which he is now searching for with extraordinary diligence, he will at once give it to the press, moved more by the profit that may accrue to him from doing so than by any thought of praise.”

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Whereat Sancho observed, “The author looks for money and profit, does he? It will he a wonder if he succeeds, for it will be only hurry, hurry, with him, like the tailor on Easter Eve; and works done in a hurry are never finished as perfectly as they ought to be. Let master Moor, or whatever he is, pay attention to what he is doing, and I and my master will give him as much grouting ready to his hand, in the way of adventures and accidents of all sorts, as would make up not only one second part, but a hundred. The good man fancies, no doubt, that we are fast asleep in the straw here, but let him hold up our feet to be shod and he will see which foot it is we go lame on. All I say is, that if my master would take my advice, we would be now afield, redressing outrages and righting wrongs, as is the use and custom of good knights-errant.”

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Sancho had hardly uttered these words when the neighing of Rocinante fell upon their ears, which neighing Don Quixote accepted as a happy omen, and he resolved to make another sally in three or four days from that time. Announcing his intention to the bachelor, he asked his advice as to the quarter in which he ought to commence his expedition, and the bachelor replied that in his opinion he ought to go to the kingdom of Aragon, and the city of Saragossa, where there were to be certain solemn joustings at the festival of St. George, at which he might win renown above all the knights of Aragon, which would be winning it above all the knights of the world. He commended his very praiseworthy and gallant resolution, but admonished him to proceed with greater caution in encountering dangers, because his life did not belong to him, but to all those who had need of him to protect and aid them in their misfortunes.

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“There’s where it is, what I abominate, senor Samson,” said Sancho here; “my master will attack a hundred armed men as a greedy boy would half a dozen melons. Body of the world, senor bachelor! there is a time to attack and a time to retreat, and it is not to be always ‘Santiago, and close Spain!’ Moreover, I have heard it said (and I think by my master himself, if I remember rightly) that the mean of valour lies between the extremes of cowardice and rashness; and if that be so, I don’t want him to fly without having good reason, or to attack when the odds make it better not. But, above all things, I warn my master that if he is to take me with him it must be on the condition that he is to do all the fighting, and that I am not to be called upon to do anything except what concerns keeping him clean and comfortable; in this I will dance attendance on him readily; but to expect me to draw sword, even against rascally churls of the hatchet and hood, is idle. I don’t set up to be a fighting man, Senor Samson, but only the best and most loyal squire that ever served knight-errant; and if my master Don Quixote, in consideration of my many faithful services, is pleased to give me some island of the many his worship says one may stumble on in these parts, I will take it as a great favour; and if he does not give it to me, I was born like everyone else, and a man must not live in dependence on anyone except God; and what is more, my bread will taste as well, and perhaps even better, without a government than if I were a governor; and how do I know but that in these governments the devil may have prepared some trip for me, to make me lose my footing and fall and knock my grinders out? Sancho I was born and Sancho I mean to die. But for all that, if heaven were to make me a fair offer of an island or something else of the kind, without much trouble and without much risk, I am not such a fool as to refuse it; for they say, too, ‘when they offer thee a heifer, run with a halter; and ‘when good luck comes to thee, take it in.’”

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“Brother Sancho,” said Carrasco, “you have spoken like a professor; but, for all that, put your trust in God and in Senor Don Quixote, for he will give you a kingdom, not to say an island.”

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“It is all the same, be it more or be it less,” replied Sancho; “though I can tell Senor Carrasco that my master would not throw the kingdom he might give me into a sack all in holes; for I have felt my own pulse and I find myself sound enough to rule kingdoms and govern islands; and I have before now told my master as much.”

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“Take care, Sancho,” said Samson; “honours change manners, and perhaps when you find yourself a governor you won’t know the mother that bore you.”

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“That may hold good of those that are born in the ditches,” said Sancho, “not of those who have the fat of an old Christian four fingers deep on their souls, as I have. Nay, only look at my disposition, is that likely to show ingratitude to anyone?”

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“God grant it,” said Don Quixote; “we shall see when the government comes; and I seem to see it already.”

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He then begged the bachelor, if he were a poet, to do him the favour of composing some verses for him conveying the farewell he meant to take of his lady Dulcinea del Toboso, and to see that a letter of her name was placed at the beginning of each line, so that, at the end of the verses, “Dulcinea del Toboso” might be read by putting together the first letters. The bachelor replied that although he was not one of the famous poets of Spain, who were, they said, only three and a half, he would not fail to compose the required verses; though he saw a great difficulty in the task, as the letters which made up the name were seventeen; so, if he made four ballad stanzas of four lines each, there would be a letter over, and if he made them of five, what they called decimas or redondillas, there were three letters short; nevertheless he would try to drop a letter as well as he could, so that the name “Dulcinea del Toboso” might be got into four ballad stanzas.

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“It must be, by some means or other,” said Don Quixote, “for unless the name stands there plain and manifest, no woman would believe the verses were made for her.”

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They agreed upon this, and that the departure should take place in three days from that time. Don Quixote charged the bachelor to keep it a secret, especially from the curate and Master Nicholas, and from his niece and the housekeeper, lest they should prevent the execution of his praiseworthy and valiant purpose. Carrasco promised all, and then took his leave, charging Don Quixote to inform him of his good or evil fortunes whenever he had an opportunity; and thus they bade each other farewell, and Sancho went away to make the necessary preparations for their expedition.

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