1:Policy seems to play a powerful role in explaining the collapse in full-time employment in the east.2:Despite some recent changes, the policies of unified Germany, like those of the FRG, still assume that women are wives and mothers first.3:Joint taxation of married couples, free co-insurance for spouses and tax breaks for "mini jobs", or low-hours contracts, probably did little to encourage women in the west to up their hours, and put those in the east off full-time work.

1:“政策”似乎在解释东德全职就业人数下降方面发挥了重要作用。2:尽管最近发生了一些变化，但统一后的德国和德国联邦政府的政策一样，仍然假设女性首先应该是妻子和母亲。3:对已婚夫妇的联合征税、对配偶的免费共同保险、以及对“迷你工作”或低工时合同的税收减免，可能对鼓励西德妇女延长工作时间并使东德妇女放弃全职工作没有什么帮助。

属类：时事政治-经济学人双语版-德国妈妈的工作(2)

1: Three decades on, how has the picture changed?Two things stand out. 2: First, behaviour has changed drastically since unification: the share of eastern women with young children working full-time fell from over half in 1990 to just under a third in 2018. 3: More women across Germany are working part-time. 4: Second, east-west differences still exist. 5: The share of eastern mums in full-time work is more than double that in the west. 6: As a result, whereas women in the east earn 7% less than men, the gap in the west is 22%. 7: The report argues that policy and attitudes together explain these trends.

1:30年过去了，情况发生了怎样的变化？有两点很突出。2:首先，自两德统一以来，人们的行为发生了巨大的变化：有年幼子女的东德女性全职工作的比例1990年时为一半以上，而2018年则下降到不足三分之一。3:德国有越来越多的女性从事兼职工作。4:东西方差距依然存在。5:东德全职妈妈的比例是西德的两倍多。6:结果就是，东德女性的收入比男性少7%，而西德男女收入的差距是22%。7:该报道认为，造成这些趋势的原因是政策和态度。

属类：时事政治-经济学人双语版-德国妈妈的工作(1)

1: She is only now beginning to work out her answer. 2: Last year, when she ran for governor, she focused less on philosophy and more [color=Red]on fatigue with Mr Richardson, a Democrat who was termed out of office but had a reputation for sleaze.(A probe by a grand jury, the latest of several, is investigating alleged campaign-finance problems dating to his run for president in 2008.)

1:而直到现在她才开始寻找这个问题的答案。2:去年竞选州长时，她没有过分宣传自己的理念，而是主要利用人们对理查森的厌倦争取支持。民主党人理查森带着昭著的臭名期满离任。（一个大陪审团已经对他展开调查，最近的是调查他2008年参加总统竞选时的竞选融资问题。）

属类：时事政治-经济学人双语版-新墨西哥州州长怎样赢得人心

1:When he encounters such a withdrawal of collaboration, the theory goes, the malefactor will learn the error of his ways and become a more co-operative individual.2:And there is experimental evidence, based on specially designed games, that tit-for-tat does work for pairs of people.3:Human societies, though, are more complex than mere dyads.4:And until recently, it has been difficult to model that complexity in the laboratory.5:But a paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Nicholas Christakis and his colleagues at Harvard has changed that.6:Dr Christakis arranged for a collaboration-testing game to be played over the web, with many participants.7:As a result, he and his team have gained a more sophisticated insight into the way co-operation develops.

1:根据这个理论，一旦作恶的一方得不到对方的合作，他将会从自己的错误中吸取教训，并变成一个更具有合作精神的人。2:根据从特别设计的游戏中取得的实验证据，投桃报李的原则确实适用于成对的研究对象。3:不过人类社会要比成对的研究对象复杂得多。4:直到最近为止，研究人员都很难在实验室中模拟出社会生活中的复杂情景。5:不过哈佛大学的尼古拉斯?克里斯塔（Nicholas Christakis）和他的同事们本周在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的论文改变了这个现实。6:克里斯塔博士设计了一个能够在互联网上供多人参与的合作测试游戏。7:根据这个游戏，克里斯塔博士和他的团队获得更多的资料，得以了解合作关系的演变规律。

属类：时事政治-经济学人双语版-人们在谎言诱惑下会怎样进行合作

1:From her earliest days, Miss Wake combined opposing qualities.2:She was disciplined, but at the same time a free spirit.3:In Sydney, to which her large family had moved after leaving her birthplace in New Zealand, she twice ran away from home.4:As soon as she could, she made her way to London, then to Paris to work as a freelance journalist.5:There it was her cheerful independence as much as her good looks that caught the eye of the rich French industrialist, Henri Fiocca, who would take her to Marseilles as his wife.

1:早在还是个女孩的时候，威克身上就有了相反的特质。2:她遵守纪律，同时却又热爱自由。3:她随大家庭从家乡新西兰搬到悉尼后，就离家出走过两次。4:她一长到足够负担自己的生活的年纪，就自己去了伦敦生活，然后又到巴黎做了自由记者。5:她那值得庆贺的独立以及她夺人眼球的美貌，捕获了一位法国企业家亨利?费奥卡的心。随后他们结了婚，来到了马赛。

属类：时事政治-经济学人双语版-二战间卓越的英国间谍特工南希去世

Whatever it is, actively moving toward an objective will make work much more interesting.

不论目标是什么，主动地朝一个目标前进会让工作有趣地多。

属类：中国大陆-bbs.chinadaily.com.cn-

And the pay of Cairo street-sweepers on make-work government programmes is so low that they often beg from passing cars.

而拿着政府就业计划工资的开罗街道清扫工人来说，工资是如此的低以至于他们不得不常常向过路的小车司机乞讨。

属类：英汉句库-www.ecocn.org-

Job satisfaction: Strategies to make work more gratifying

工作满意度：如何使工作更满意。

属类：英汉句库-www.ebigear.com-

Make-work schemes mop up some of the jobless, but may blot a curriculum vitae.

即使就业计划解决了一些失业人员，但这将会给他们的履历留下污点。

属类：英汉句库-www.ecocn.org-

Tearfully they related how they had been shown they could make work fit around raising children. Three had landed jobs already.

她们饱含热泪地讲述了她们是如何接受培训并相信自己能够靠工作养育孩子的。

属类：英汉句库-www.ecocn.org-

The answer is to make work more interesting, mix up your routine a bit - ie, don't take out work frustrations on your food.

解决办法是，让工作变得更有趣味，稍稍打乱一下你的“例行程序”——也就是说，别在用餐时想工作中的挫折。

属类：英汉句库-www.ftchinese.com-

Mandatory quotas do more harm than good. But firms should make work more family-friendly

强制配额弊大于利。但是公司应该使工作更有利于家庭。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

And yet, there is one context in which economists talk about job scarcity in the same terms as an ordinary layman guilty of make-work bias.

然而，存在一个场合，在这里经济学家与犯有“造作工作成见”罪的普通门外汉从同一角度谈论岗位稀缺。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

Here are 8 ways to make work seem like less of a chore and more like a gift

通过如下的8条途径，可以使我们的工作看起来不那么讨厌，并且

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

I call this the make-work bias, a tendency to underestimate the economic benefits of conserving labor.

我称之为“造作工作”（make-work）的成见，是一种低估节省劳力的经济收益的倾向。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

I worry that mainstream Keynesian macroeconomics is little more than fancy camouflage for make-work bias.

我担心主流凯恩斯主义宏观经济学不过是“造作工作成见”的花哨伪装。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

Cash is pouring into rural areas through a make-work scheme, named after Gandhi.

现金通过以甘地命名的为提供就业机会而安排的工作计划注入农村地区。

属类：英汉句库-www.ecocn.org-

Companies that want to attract the best talent must think hard about how to make work more family-friendly.

想吸引最优秀人才的公司必须想法设法使工作和生活更加和谐。

属类：英汉句库-www.ecocn.org-

Ask employees to brainstorm ways to make work more fulfilling.

要求员工参与集体攻关将使工作得到更好的完成。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

Or they make work even harder and more innovatively to grab the few good jobs on offer, or to move overseas.

抑或，他们会更加刻苦、更富创造性的学习，以求抢到为数不多的好工作、或者移居海外。

属类：英汉句库-www.ftchinese.com-

Unemployment has been masked by job subsidies and make-work schemes, but it is likely to climb back above 4m next year.

在给予工作补贴和执行创造就业计划试图极力挽回就业率的情况下，明年的失业人口预期仍将超过400万。

属类：英汉句库-article.yeeyan.org-

It falls short of his earlier ambitions, to be sure, and will not be easy to make work .

这和他之前的雄心壮志有点不符，不可否认的是，要做到这一点不容易。

属类：英汉句库-www.ftchinese.com-

Unusual personalities shake things up, make work more fun, and turn a vanilla group into a team with flavor and flair.

这种不寻常的性格会让事情变得很不一样，使工作更有趣，让一个普通的团队变得有声有色。

属类：英汉句库-www.hjenglish.com-

Baskets are notoriously hard to make work , especially if they include an inconvertible currency.

众所周知，一篮子货币很难发挥作用，特别是如果其中包含不可兑换的货币的话。

属类：英汉句库-www.ftchinese.com-